Sei chipatara chisingakwanise kuita sehotera?

1. Zvinoshamisa kuti shoko rokuti “chipatara” riri mubasa rokuti “kugamuchira vaeni” sezvo ose ari maviri akatorwa mushoko rechiLatin rinoreva “kugamuchira muenzi kana kuti mutorwa noushamwari.”
2. Vatariri vezvipatara havaoni nzvimbo yavo senzvimbo yekunyaradza asi kuti inzvimbo yechirwere nekurwara.
3. Vatariri vezvipatara vanoda varwere vanobvuma kungova muchipatara zvinoreva kuti unenge usina kugadzikana.

---

Hapana muhupenyu hwangu kana dzidzo yakandigadzirira iyo bedlam iripo kuseri kwezvidhinha nedhaka rechipatara kana ER department. Vatariri vezvipatara uye vashandi vehutano vane mukana (uye zvichida chisungo) chekushandura nzvimbo idzi dzinotyisa kuva nzvimbo dzinokurudzira hutano uye hutano hwakanaka uye kwete kuwedzera kushushikana uye kutya kwekurwara. Mahotera anopa prototype uye mepu yemugwagwa yekuita shanduko dzine musoro mune imwe nzvimbo inotyisa.  

Kana wanga uri murwere muchipatara cheNew York kana kupedza nguva uri muNew York Emergency room, unoziva kuti kusavapo kwemaitiro akanaka evashandi vepahotera, mahotera, nzvimbo dzemahotera, uye kuchena kwehotera kunounza mwero wakakwira wekushushikana unotungamira. kukutya kunoenderera mberi. Zvichida izvi zvinoitika (mune zvimwe zvipatara zveNew York) nokuti vatariri vezvipatara havaoni nzvimbo yavo senzvimbo yenyaradzo asi kuti inzvimbo yechirwere nokurwara; kuporeswa uye kugara zvakanaka kunogona kuitwa kumba, ku spa, kana Four Seasons.

Bvunza chero maneja wechipatara kuti atsanangure nzvimbo yake yekushanda uye mhinduro yacho ingangove yekuti vanoda zvakakosha, uye data, uye maaramu ari nani uye varwere vanonzwisisa kuti marwadzo ese haagone kumiswa uye kugamuchirwa kunongodaro. ndiri muchipatara zvinoreva kuti unenge usina kugadzikana uye ramangwana richange risingatarisike. Bvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete kubva kumukuru wehotera uye mhinduro yacho ingangotaura, "Kuva kambani ine mutsa pasi rose - nekugadzira zviitiko zvemoyo kune Vaenzi, mikana ine musoro yeNhengo dzeChikwata, kukosha kwakanyanya kune Varidzi uye nerubatsiro Nharaunda” ( https://notesmatic.com/mission-and-vision-of-hilton-worldwide-an-analysis/ ).

Zvinoshamisa kuti shoko rokuti “chipatara” riri mukati meshoko rokuti “kugamuchira vaeni,” sezvo ose ari maviri akatorwa mushoko rechiLatin rinoreva “kugamuchira muenzi kana kuti mutorwa noushamwari.”

Zviripachena kuti zvese zviri zviviri mahotera nezvipatara zvine zvakajairika hunhu hunhu:

1. Shandira vanoda uye vanowedzera ruzivo rwevatengi

2. Shandisai boka guru revashandi vane mitoro yakasiyana-siyana

3. Kubhadhara kuri kuwedzera kusungirirwa kune muenzi / murwere kuongororwa

Nepo mahotera vachiziva hukama hwavo neveruzhinji uye vachiteerera tsvakiridzo yemusika izvo zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa uye hunyanzvi nechinangwa chekuvandudza kugutsikana kwevatengi, zvipatara zvakafuratira chokwadi chekuti basa razvo rekutanga nderekuchinja murwere kuti ave munhu kwaye. kwete kuwedzera pasi-line purofiti. Nekuda kwechinangwa chavo chakarasika, kwave kushoma (kana paine) kuyambuka-fertilization pakati pehotera nemaindasitiri ezvipatara.

Zvidzidzo Zvekugutsikana Nomurwere

Kuchinja kwehutano hwehutano huri kumanikidzira zvipatara kuti zvive zvakanyanya kunetseka nemvumo yevarwere uye kugutsikana kwevarwere kuri kuongororwa neHospital Consumer Assessment yeHealth Care Providers and Systems 2010 (HCAHPSA) uye Press Ganey tsvakurudzo.

Ongororo yeHCAHPS ndiyo yekutanga ongororo yenyika, yakamisikidzwa, uye yakashumwa pachena yemaonero emurwere pakuchengetwa kwechipatara. Inobvunza nyaya dzinosanganisira kutaurirana navanamukoti nanachiremba, kuterera kwevashandi vemuzvipatara, kuchena nekunyarara kwechipatara, kudzora marwadzo, kutaurirana pamusoro pemishonga, uye kuronga kuburitswa. Tsvagiridzo iyi yave imwe yematanho anoshandiswa kuverenga kukosha-kwakavakirwa kurudziro mubhadharo muHospital Value-Based Purchasing Program. Kunze kwekubhadharwa, kugutsikana kwevarwere kunogonawo kuva chiratidzo chehutano hwekliniki.

Press Ganey ongororo inosimbisa hukama hwemurwere-mupi neongororo dzakadzama uye nzira dzekutenderera dzinogonesa mhinduro yenguva chaiyo uye mabhenji ekuita.

Indasitiri yehotera yagara ichiziva kugutsikana kwevaenzi sechinangwa. Paushoma hwakakwana, muenzi anofanira “kugutsikana;” zvisinei, kudarika zvavanotarisira ndicho chinangwa. Indasitiri yakapa makumi emakore ekuedza uye zviwanikwa kuvandudza zvigadzirwa uye manejimendi masisitimu kuti arambe achikwikwidza.

Zvipatara zvinokwanisa kukwidziridza zvidzidzo izvi nekutora nekugadzirisa maitiro emahotera ayo anogona kutungamira kugadziriso huru mukutenderwa kwevarwere uye kugutsikana, zvichizobatsira vashandi vezvipatara, varapi, vashandi, varwere, uye purofiti yepasi.

Kufanana uye Misiyano

Zvipatara nemahotera zvinotarisa vashanyi/varwere vanowana pekugara nemasevhisi. Sezvo paine musiyano wakakura munzvimbo dzekugara mumahotera (kubva kuHoliday Inn Express kuenda kumahotera mana Seasons) kune hukuru hukuru muhukuru hwezvipatara pamwe nekutarisana nemhando. Vese vari vaviri vanoshandisa hukuru hwevashandi vane mwero wakasiyana wemutoro. Zvipatara nemahotera zvinogadzira chiitiko kune vatengi vavo / varwere vane hukama manzwiro.

Kusiyana

Mahotera anobhadharwa zvakananga kunze-kwe-homwe nevatengi asi zvipatara zvinowanzobhadharwa kuburikidza nemakambani einishuwarenzi epakati. Muchipatara, vatengi varwere, vanowanzo shushikana uye vanotya nezve kurapwa kwavo kuri kuuya. Varwere vanogona kuve nesarudzo yekuti ndeipi nzvimbo yavanotsvaka rubatsiro; zvisinei, nguva zhinji, hapana sarudzo sezvo varwere vazhinji vaine emergency yekurapa uye vanofanirwa kunge vari kuchipatara. Pahotera, vatengi vaenzi, vanowanzofarira (kana yekuzorora) nekushanya kwavo. Kazhinji, vashanyi vanosarudza hotera yavo uye nguva yekugara kwavo. Kubva pakutanga, zvipatara hazvina kumira zvakanaka - nokudaro zvinofanirwa kuita zvinopfuura hotera kuona kuti varwere vanyarare. Chinonyanya kukosha chezvipatara, uye nguva dzose chinofanira kuva, kuvandudza hutano hwevarwere, asi kunyaradza kwevarwere uye kugara zvakanaka hazvifaniri kuregeredzwa munzira.

Vanachiremba vanosangana nematambudziko mazhinji mukupa varwere vavo mwero wepamusoro wekugutsikana kunyangwe vanachiremba vazhinji vasingambooni varwere vavo pavanenge vari muER kana pamubhedha muchipatara (zvichida muzvipatara zviviri zveNew York zvandakasangana nazvo) zvichibva zvatowedzera. chiitiko chisingafadzi mune chimwe nekuwedzera kunetseka.

Mabasa uye Mutoro

Rondedzero yevashandi vehutano inogona kutyisa kuvarwere (kureva, vagari, vabatsiri vechiremba, vanamukoti, nevamwe vane ruzivo rwakasiyana) vanopinda nekubuda munzvimbo yemurwere - vasingambonyatso kutsanangura kuti ndivanaani, mabasa avo, mabasa avo. kana basa ravo mukuvandudza hutano hwemurwere uye kashoma kudzoka nemhinduro kana chero ruzivo rutsva. Muhotera, vashandi vakanyatsotsanangura mabasa (mberi kwedhesiki, concierge, muchengeti wekamuri, weta); muchipatara, zvisinei, mitezo yakasiyana-siyana yeboka rezvokurapa ingava yechienzi kumurwere. Zvimwe zvipatara zvakashandisa makadhi echiso (kadhi rine mapikicha, kudzidziswa uye zvaunofarira zvinopihwa kumurwere wega wega) uye vakavandudza ruzivo rwevarwere rwemazita nemabasa avo vanachiremba vechipatara uye nhengo dzechikwata dzavanodyidzana nadzo.

PATIENT SYSTEMS UYE MAITIRO

Prereadmission

Vasati vabvumidzwa, varwere vanoongororwa murabhoritari, vanogashira mibvunzo nezve mamiriro avo ekurapa azvino - zvese zvichikonzera kukwira kwekutya uye kusagadzikana. Kuti kuderedze kufunganya uku, zvingabatsira kana zvipatara zvikapa varwere ruzivo, kuti vazive zvokutarisira.

Check-in Process

Vashandi vepahotera vanoziva kuti yekutanga-maminetsi gumi nemashanu chiitiko chemuenzi chakakosha sezvavanoisa matauriro ekushanya. Vanoziva nguva inotarisirwa kusvika yemuenzi, vaongorora chimiro nemufananidzo wemuenzi uye kana muenzi asvika, vanokwanisa kumhoresa munhu(vanhu) noushamwari “Tanga takakutarisirai.”

Mukusiyana kwakasiyana, zvipatara zvinogona kunge zvichiziva zvishoma nezvekuuya kutsva (kunze kwekunge vanga vari varwere vane chipatara munguva yakapfuura uye ruzivo rwuri mudhatabhesi). Zvisinei nesangano rekare, chipatara chinoda kuti "mutengi" asaine kakawanda pazviteshi zvakawanda, nguva zhinji yekumirira munzvimbo inogamuchirwa, uye kazhinji vanogamuchira varwere vane, "Zita, ID yepikicha, makadhi einishuwarenzi, ndapota."

Nehuwandu hweruzivo rwezvipatara zvine ruzivo nezvevarwere vazvo uye nguva dzavo dzekumirira, kuwanikwa kwekamuri uye kuwanikwa kwachiremba, zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa kuvandudza chirongwa ichi chekuongorora. Kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rwakawanda kunogona kudzikiswa, mapikicha evarwere aripo anogona kushandiswa kuziva murwere uye nguva yekumirira inogona kudzikiswa nekugadzirisa maitiro ekubvumidzwa uye nekuona kuwanikwa kwemakamuri panguva dzakarongwa dzekusvika kwemurwere.

Vatariri vanofanira kuita basa riri nani rekutsanangurira varwere kuti nei vachibvunzwa ruzivo rwakafanana nguva nenguva (kureva, kuitira kuti vasimbise kuzivikanwa kwavo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwavo) kana kushandisa teknolojia kuti vabvise kuregererwa.

Chinhu chakakosha chechiitiko chemurwere muchipatara ndichiremba wavo. Muzvipatara zviviri zveNew York, ndakava nenhamo yekusangana nayo, kunyatsoona chiremba kwenguva inopfuura nano-second zvinoshamisa uye kuita nhaurirano ine musoro nachiremba ndinonzwa sekuhwina lottery. Varwere vane rombo rakanaka kana vakakwanisa kuve nekutaura kwakawanda kumeso nechiso nemukoti wavakapihwa.

Kunyangwe mune zvidzidzo zvemumunda zvinofambiswa nehunyanzvi zvinoratidza kuti zviyero zvechiremba zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, kusanganisira kuratidza ruremekedzo, kunyatsoteerera, kupa mirairo iri nyore kunzwisisa, kupedza nguva yakakwana nemurwere, uye kutsanangura bvunzo uye kufanotaura kwezvakarongwa kurapwa / bvunzo. . Chiitiko chakareruka sechiremba akagara pasi panzvimbo yekumira padivi pemubhedha wakaratidzwa kuita mutsauko. Kuvandudzwa kwekukurukurirana kwechiremba-murwere kwakabatanidzwawo nemigumisiro yevarwere iri nani.

Vanachiremba nevashandi vehutano vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kuAIDET sezvo ichipa yakasimba, yakajairwa nhungamiro yekuvandudza kudyidzana kwevarwere ichisimbisa nheyo dzebasa rakanaka revatengi. Yakagadzirirwa kuderedza kushushikana kwevarwere, kuwedzera kutevedzera kwevarwere uye kugadzirisa mhedzisiro yekiriniki.

1. Bvuma (murwere anoda kugadziriswa sei)

2. Zivisa (kuti iwe/isu tiri ani ane mamiriro akakodzera)

3. Nguva (yemusangano, maitiro, kugara)

4. Tsanangudzo (mumashoko akareruka)

5. Ndatenda (rukudzo rwekuva webasa/rubatsiro)

Mukuwedzera: Vanachiremba neboka rake vanofanira:

a) Gara pasi (varwere vanofunga kuti unopedza 40 muzana yenguva yakawanda navo uye unokoshesa kushanya zvakanyanya)

b) Kutungamira kumusoro (taura nezve simba uye kumashure kwechikwata / vashandi / masangano)

c) Teerera (bvunza uye worega varwere vachitaura kwemaminetsi 1-2 vachigutsurira kubvuma).

“ruzivo rwemumba” rwemurwere haruna kungotsamira pakubata kwake nachiremba chete asiwo neboka rose rechipatara rine vanamukoti, vabatsiri vezvokurapa, varapi, vanotakura zvinhu, vashandi vebasa rezvokudya, uye nyanzvi.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti mwero wepamusoro mukoti-kune-murwere uye kutaurirana kwakanaka kwehukoti kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pakugutsikana kwemurwere. Vese vashandi vechipatara vanofanirwa kuverengerwa muzviyero zvekuvandudza kunaka kwechiitiko chemurwere. Ongororo zhinji dzevarwere dzinogadzirisa zvakananga aya maficha ekugara kwavo uye dzinobatanidza kudzoserwa nekuita kwevanochengeta, vashandi vekutakura, uye vanamukoti.

Discharge Planning uye Kutevera

Kugadzirira kubuda muchipatara chinhu chinokosha. Mune zvimwe zvipatara, mukoti anoongorora mirairo yekubuda uye mushandi wekutakura anofambisa murwere kuenda kuimba yekutandarira. Mune zvimwe zvipatara, ma<em>limousine anosangana nemurwere pakubuda napo uye anouya navo vakananga kudzimba dzavo.

Ndakaita rombo rakanaka uye handina kuwana "kurongeka" kubuda paNYU Langone. Ndakaziviswa maminetsi makumi mana pamberi pekuburitswa kwangu (kuburitswa kwakarongwa kwaive kwezuva rimwe gare gare). Handina kubvumirwa nguva yokugeza, ndakakurudzirwa kuti ndipfeke nokukurumidza, uye kunyange zvazvo ndakanga ndisati ndabuda pamubhedha kwemazuva, ndakamanikidzwa kufamba kubva mukamuri racho, kuenda kunokwirifiti, nomunzvimbo huru uye inovhiringidza kuti ndiwane chimvuramabwe. tekisi ndodzokera kumba. Iyo protocol - yaive - ibva pano tinoda mubhedha wako!

Varwere vanofanira kunge vakaronga nguva dzekutevera vasati vasunungurwa; zvisinei, iri ibasa rinowanzofuratirwa rinowedzera kushushikana kwemurwere sezvaanochinja kumba. Pandakadzingwa muNYU Langone, ndakanga ndisina nguva dzekutevera dzakarongwa, kunyangwe ndingadai ndakatenda tsamba yekurapa kwemuviri sezvo ndakanga ndisati ndabuda pamubhedha kwenguva refu uye ndikawana kufamba kwakaoma.

Pamusoro pekugadzwa kwekutevera kwakarongwa, ruzivo rwekutaurirana runofanira kusanganisira rinhi uye ndiani wekubata kana njodzi/nyaya dzikamuka kumba uye mabasa anopedzwa (kureva, mishonga yekutora, kudya kwekutevera).

Kana murwere asingakwanisi kuzvitarisira, vashandi vekutsigira vanofanira kuwanikwa kwavari vachiri muchipatara. Kubvumidza varwere kuti vadzokere kumba vasina rubatsiro rwehutano/rutsigiro kunogona kuve nengozi uye miganhu yekusave nehunhu. Iyi nhanho inofanirwa kurongwa mukubvunzana nemubatsiri wechipatara uye murwere.

Post-Kugara Zvakaitika

Mushure mekubuda muchipatara varwere vanofanirwa kuwana ongororo maererano neruzivo rwavo rwechipatara. Vari muchipatara vanofanira kuziviswa kuti ongororo iyi ichabatsira chipatara nevarwere vachauya. Vanhu vanopindura nezviitiko zvisina kunaka vanofanirwa kubatwa nenhengo yeboka rehutano uye kana zvichiita, gadzirisa kukanganisa. Vatariri vezvipatara vanofanirwawo kutarisa pasocial media, pamwe neYelp neFacebook kune mhinduro dzemurwere sezvidzidzo, zvinoratidza kuti zviyero zvemurwere uye rondedzero yeshoko-ye-muromo zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya sarudzo (s) dzinoitwa nevarwere.

KuNYU Langone ndakapfuura ne "mubvunzurudzo wekubuda," ne "murwere / mubatsiri wechipatara uyo akabvunza nezve chiitiko changu chechipatara. Ndakagovera zvese zvandakaona pamwe chete nemazano ekuvandudza. Mhinduro yake, "Tumira zvaunofunga kumukuru wechipatara. Achafarira kuverenga tsamba yako.” (Cherechedza: mishumo yangu yakatsikiswa yakaendeswa kune vatariri vechipatara uye hapana kumbove nekutevera zvachose). Ndakatambira runhare rwekutevera kubva kuna mukoti weER akabvunza nezvemamiriro angu. Pandakashuma kuti ndakanga ndisinganzwi zvakanaka uye ndaida rubatsiro uye / kana mamwe mashoko ndakaudzwa kuti basa rake (uye basa redhipatimendi reER) rakanga risiri rekupa kuongororwa kwezvokurapa kana mishonga asi kudzikamisa murwere uye kumutumira kumba.

Oops. Pane Chakashata

Pasinei nekuedza kwakanyanya kwemunhu wese, zvinhu zvinogona uye zvinoenda parutivi. Mahotera ane maitiro ekutanga ekuona kusagutsikana kwevaenzi. Kana pane kamuri kana dambudziko rekudya, mushandi anogadzirisa nyaya yacho uye pazvinenge zvakakodzera, anobata maneja wedhipatimendi kana maneja mukuru. Kana nyaya dzacho dzisingakwanisi kugadziriswa zvinogutsa muenzi, anogona kudzoserwa mari kana kupiwa chikwereti pamwe chete nekukumbira ruregerero nevashandi vakuru. Vaenzi vanogara vachishamiswa uye kunakidzwa netarisiro uye inoshandura muenzi asingafari kuva mutengi akavimbika.

Muzvipatara, mari haigoni kudzorerwa kana zvikwereti zvinopiwa; zvisinei, nguva inofanira kushandiswa mukuziva kusagutsikana kwomurwere. Varwere '"kugutsikana pulse" kunofanira kuongororwa zuva rega rega uye pakarepo kugadziriswa kana dambudziko / nyaya yaonekwa. Kukurukurirana kwakanaka kunonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi kana kukanganisa, sezvo kutonga kusina kukodzera kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunogona kutungamirira kumatare kana kuipa. Kana murwere asina kugutsikana, mukana wekugadzirisa maonero avo echipatara unopera kana murwere aenda. Kugadzirisa chiitiko chakaipa kunogona kusiya munhu ane chiitiko chiri nani pane kusava nedambudziko pakutanga.

Mahotera mazhinji anoshandisa mishumo yemazuva ese kutarisa kugutsikana kwevaenzi vari mumba. Zvinyorwa zvinogadzirwa mumagetsi emuenzi pese panotaurwa chinhu chakanaka kana chakaipa. Zvakaitika zvisina kunaka zvinopora muenzi asati abuda sezvo hapana muenzi anofanirwa kusiya asina mufaro. "Zvakanaka" hazvimbobvumwa semhinduro. Kana muenzi asina RAVING pamusoro pekushanya hotera anofunga kuti yanga isina kunaka uye GM achauya kuzotaura nemuenzi wacho.

Kubatana: Murwere, Vashandi, Kubudirira

Zvipatara nemahotera zvakangonaka semushandi wavo asina kusimba wekuonana nevatengi. Chiitiko chechipatara chemurwere chakangofanana nekusangana kwake kwakaipisisa uye hazvina basa kana anga ari mugari akabatikana akanyanya kushanda kana mubatsiri wekurapa asina kuvabatsira kuenda kuchimbuzi nekukurumidza zvakakwana. Vashandi, kwete mamaneja, ndivo vanonyanya kukwanisa kupesvedzera ruzivo rwevatengi. Chinangwa chikuru chinofanira kunge chiri chekubatsira vashandi vemuzvipatara zvakanaka, sezvo varwere vachizopihwawo zvakanaka. Pahotera, kusimbiswa uku kunobva kumusoro zvichidzika uye mamaneja anoshanda kutsvaga nekuchengetedza vanhu vakanakisa vanodada uye vanofara nenzvimbo yavanoshanda.

Kubva kuChipatara kuenda kuHospital

Vatariri vezvipatara vanofanira:

1. Shanda nesimba kuvandudza maminetsi gumi nemashanu ekutanga echiitiko chemurwere

2. Simbisa kukosha kwekurukurirano yakawedzerwa nevarwere mukati mekugara kwavo muchipatara

3. Tarisa kugutsikana kwemurwere nguva dzose uye pindira nekukurumidza kana matambudziko amuka.

4. Kutevera varwere mushure mokunge vabudiswa muchipatara kuti vawane mhinduro dzinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza kushanda kwemangwana.

5. Ziva kuvepo kwepamhepo kwe "reputation management" sezvo varwere vanozoverenga nezvechipatara vasati vauya kunzvimbo uye vonyora nezve ruzivo rwavo mushure.

6. Utungamiri hunofanira kuva nechinangwa chekugadzira nzvimbo iyo vashandi vose vechipatara vanofara uye vanobudirira, vanogona kutarisira zvakanakisisa varwere vavo.

Remangwana Rezvipatara?

Imwe tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti zvipatara hazvisi kuzorarama mune zvazvino fomati. Chirongwa chekurapa cheUS chave kudhura zvakanyanya uye chinogona kuve nengozi kuhutano hwemunhu. Sekureva kwaDr. Dan Paul (Colorado Springs), indasitiri yazvino yehutano yeUS yakashata kune varwere uye vanachiremba. Anoona kuti "Zvipatara zviri kushandisa bhizinesi rekare."

Zvinonakidza kuona kuti zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevese vekuAmerica vanozivisa kubhuroka vakataura zvikonzero zvekurapa. Muna 2018, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu emadhora akashandiswa mukuchengetedza hutano akaenda kuzvipatara, nepo makumi maviri muzana akaenda kuvarapi nemakiriniki (Kaiser Family Foundation). John Hopkins Medicine mutori wenhau muna 2.6 kuti vanopfuura 20 vanhu muUnited States vanofa gore rega rega kubva mukukanganisa kwekurapa, zvichiita kuti zvikanganiso izvi zvive chechitatu-chinotungamira chikonzero chekufa kuseri kwechirwere chemoyo negomarara.

Zvingangoitika zvakadii kuti modhi yechipatara yazvino izivikanwe sedhinasoro sezvariri? Iyo yehutano system ichazvishandura riini kuita chimwe chinhu chinonyatso sangana (uye chinodarika) zvinodiwa uye zvinodiwa nemurwere? Pane munhu anoda kufungidzira? Bhora rangu rekristaro parizvino riri parutsigiro rwehupenyu uye harisi kuwanikwa kubvunzana.