Zvinotora maawa gumi nemanomwe kubhururuka mamaira 17 kubva / kuenda kuJohannesburg, Chamhembe Afrika, kubva kuNew York City. Kana rwendo rwacho rikaitwa mukirasi yemurairidzi, ichi chisarudzo chisingaitwe zvisina basa. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanakisa, kubhururuka-chikamu kubhururuka kunonetsa. Kana iyo nguva yakashandiswa mune teeny chigaro chidiki kweinenge zuva rakazara, iyo mikana yekusagadzikana inowedzera geometrically.

Kungotarisa chikamu chevadzidzi chikamu cheSouth Africa Airlines SAA (kunyangwe isina vanhu), zvinogona kukonzeresa kutya. Kana ichizadzwa nevatakuri nevacheche, vashandi uye ngoro dzechikafu, chiitiko ichi chinoita Evha Idzva Idzva mu Times Square kutaridzika seisina chinhu uye akanyarara.

Nhau dzakanaka dzerwendo rwangu rwekunze rwakasungwa ndechekuti ndege yeSAA haina kutengeswa zvachose uye ndakakwanisa kuwedzera pazvigaro zviviri uye ndisinganzwe senge ndaive mutumbi wakatsikirirwa musutukesi.

Nhau dzakaipa ndedzekuti zvigaro zvakasara mumutsara zvakagarwa nemurume akakura zvakaenzana uyo aifunga kuti mutsetse wese ndewake, achitora mukana wekugara pazvigaro zvese mumugwagwa. Neraki, ndakakwanisa kutora nzvimbo yangu yandaida pandakanyorera rubatsiro rwemushandi wendege.

Zvokuziva

Kunze kwedambudziko rekugara kwendege, kufamba mukondinendi yese ye Africa hakusi nyore. Kunyangwe iyo Mission yeMubatanidzwa weAfrican (nyika dzeAfrica makumi mashanu neshanu) iri kukurudzira Africa ine runyararo, yakabudirira uye yakabatana, zvishoma zvakaitwa kugadzira chirongwa chakarongeka chekushandisa zano. Kunyangwe chirongwa cheAfrican Aspirations chegore ra55 chinosanganisira zvinangwa zvekukura nekusimukira nekusimudzira, kusangana kwezvematongerwo enyika, nerutsigiro rwePan Africanism ine hunhu hwetsika hwakasimba uye nhaka yakajairwa, kufambira mberi kunononoka.

Haisi nhau kuti kukura kwekutengeserana nekushanya kunoda hunyanzvi uye hunoshanda hunyanzvi pakati penyika. Zvinosuruvarisa kubatana kwakakwana kwenyika negungwa (kusanganisira migwagwa, njanji, uye maritime) parizvino hazvisipo. Mune dzimwe nyika (kureva, Zimbabwe, Chamhembe Afrika), dzimwe nhandare dzinoverengeka dziri kutanga kusangana nechishuwo chekubatanidza - asi kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzese kunonoka.

Izvo hazvisiwo nhau kuti kudzora pamuganhu kune mhirizhonga, zvinoita kunge zvinofambiswa nevashandi vasina kudzidziswa vanotora simba ravo rekuti hongu uye kwete zvakanyanya zvakanyanya uye kazhinji vanoshandisa chinzvimbo chavo kutyisidzira vanhu vari kutsvaga kufamba kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe.

Visa mutengo unosiyana kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe, nemari inobhadharwa neCanada dzakasiyana kubva kumitero kuenda kuAmerican. Iko kunoratidzika kunge kune kushomeka kushoma mumadhora ekubhadhara muripo, imwe nyika inokumbira mubhadharo wekupinda nepo vamwe vachida mari yekupinda nekubuda munyika. Kuongororwa kwemitero (s) kunoratidzika kunge kunoenderana nezvinodiwa nevashandi uye kwete seti yemitemo yakasimbiswa uye yakasimbiswa yehurumende.

Imwe musiyano ibasa remushanyi. Vanhu vanofamba vebhizinesi kana nekuda kwekuzorora vanobatwa zvakasiyana uye yavo vhiza fizi inoratidza kugona panzvimbo pehofisi. Kutsvagisa kuburikidza neUSA-yakavakirwa mamishinari nevamiriri vasati vaenda hazvipe ruzivo rwakanyatsojeka, kana / kana nhungamiro dziripo zvachose.

Brand Africa

Mufananidzo wekunze weAfrica wakakomberedzwa nehurombo, kukakavara, nzara, hondo, nzara, hosha, uye utsotsi uye yakaoma uye inokanganisa zvivakwa zvinonetsa vafambi. Nekuti fungidziro ndeyechokwadi iyo nharaunda inozvimisikidza yakawanda inogona misika kubva kushanya. Nepo zvikamu zveveruzhinji uye zvakazvimirira zvichifanirwa kunge zvichishanda pamwechete kuyananisa chokwadi uye maonero neruzivo rwazvino uye rwakajeka - zvinoita sekugamuchirwa kwemamiriro (ennui) inozivikanwa uye inogamuchirwa mumasangano ehurumende neakazvimirira.

Kutsvaga Hutungamiri

Hurumende dzinopa muromo pamuromo maererano nekukosha kwekusimudzirwa kwekushanya seinjini yakakosha yezvehupfumi. Hurukuro dzakanyorwa nevatungamiriri vemu Africa vachikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwenyika senzira yekurerutsa hurombo, kuunza mari yekunze, uye kubatsira mukuchengetedza mhuka dzesango; zvisinei, vatungamiriri ava havasi kupa zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa kuti vagadzire indasitiri inoshanda, vachisiya kukura kuri mumawoko evagadziri vega.

Parizvino, mari dzekushanya dzinogadzirwa kuburikidza netambo nhete yezvigadzirwa senge mhuka dzesango nemapaki emunyika zvichibva pane mashoma marudzi (kureva., Makuru mashanu uye gorilla dzemakomo). Varaidzo yevaraidzo vane basa rinenge makumi matatu nezvina muzana emusika uye vafambi vebhizinesi vane 36 muzana yevanosvika pasirese ne25 muzana inonzi inoshanyira shamwari nehama. Zvimwe zvikamu zvekushanya zvinosanganisira kushanya kwemitambo, kushanya kwekurapwa uye kuenda kumisangano nekokorodzano.

Varaidzo yevaraidzo vane hombe mabhajeti anowanzoitika Kenya, Seychelles, South Africa neTanzania, nepo niche vashanyi vachitora chikamu pamusoro penzvimbo kana kuyambuka-kondinendi nzendo uye adventures, tsika nhaka, kudhizaina uye shiri dzichiona kushanya. Vashanyi vekumusoro-soro vangangoenda kuzororo kuGambia, Kenya, neSenegal. Zvikamu zvepakati-zvemari zvinorasikirwa nekuda kwekushambadzira-zvikanganiso - vafambi vanoona mutengo wekushanya kuSub-Saharan Africa seinodhura maererano nekukosha kwayo.

Kukunda matambudziko akatarisana nekusimudzira uye / kana kuwedzera kwevakuru vekushanya vachamanikidzwa kuumba nharaunda yekugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, hutongi hwakajekeswa, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, zviyero zvebasa zvinoenderana, kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu / mvura, uye kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu - zvese zvinotsigirwa nebhajeti yakakwana uye pro-inoshanda kushambadzira uye neruzhinji hukama zvirongwa.

Kukurukura Matters

Mari yeHurumende yeimwe nyika dzeAfrica idiki kwazvo. Semuenzaniso, Zimbabwe, ine National budget bhajeti (2016) ye $ 4.1 bhiriyoni, yakapa chete zviuru mazana mashanu zvemadhora mukushanya.

Nyika shomanene kwazvo dzinokwanisa kutsigira zvigadzirwa zvekushanya pasina zvimwe zviwanikwa zvesangano akazvimirira. Kenya neTanzania vanobhadharisa $ 40- $ 75 pazuva nemunhu pamari yepaki. Rwanda Wildlife Authority inobhadharisa vashanyi vanosvika kumadhora mazana manomwe nemazana mashanu pahafu yezuva kuti vatevedze gorira. VaKenya vanotora chikamu mumatanho emitengo ine vagari pamwe nevagari vanobhadhara mari yakaderera pane vekunze nekune dzimwe nyika vashanyi.

Nehurombo, idzi fizi hadziwanzo kukwana kubhadhara mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza zvinodiwa mumapaki, nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, nenharaunda dzakatenderedza. Hurumende dzinoramba dzichitsvaga mari yekuwedzera kubva kumabhizimusi mashoma, uye vachipa mikana kuvashanyi kuti vabatsire mukuchengetedza mapaki - asi mari inowanikwa haina kukwana kubhadhara mari.

Tourism inoda Kuronga

Kunyange South Africa iri nzvimbo inozivikanwa, nyika dziri pedyo dzeBotswana, Zimbabwe, neZambia dzinopa mikana inonakidza yezviitiko zvakasarudzika zvekufamba; saka, mubvunzo wekutanga ndewokuti "Unoda kuenda kupi?"

Kunze kwekunge iwe wakagara mu Africa uye / kana uchiziva vanhu vakagara kana kushanda munzvimbo ino, zvinonetsa kuti uone kwekuenda uye kuti ungasvika sei ikoko. Kusiyana nekufamba kuburikidza neUSA, Europe, Asia, Caribbean neMexico, hazvisi nyore (uye hazvikurudzirwe) kuyedza zororo muAfrica pasina kufanoronga.

Tourism inozivikanwa nehurumende dzenyika dzeSadc seinopa mikana mikuru yekusimudzira hupfumi; zvisinei, tsvagurudzo yaRobert Cleverdon (2001) inoona kuti "vakapa mari shoma dzekuvandudza" kuita izvi. SADC Coordinating Unit (Tourism protocol) neRegional Tourism Organisation yeSouthern Africa (RETOSA) (Regional Marketing Marketing Organisation ine vanhu vekambani-yakazvimirira yekutengesa) yakaumbwa uye dzimwe nyika dzakagadzira bazi rakazvipira rezveKushanya. Dzimwe nyika shoma dzakateedzera mabhodhi eruzhinji-akazvimirira emakambani kana makanzuru; zvisinei, masangano aya haana "vakuru vane hunyanzvi kana vane ruzivo vanodikanwa kutungamira, kubata nekutarisa kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana senge kushanya," uye Cleverdon inodaidzira kuvandudzwa kwezvirongwa zvedzidzo nekudzidzisa zvinoenderera zvichasimudzira mapoka evashandi vezvekushanya. munyika imwe neimwe. Anotaura zvakare kuti nyika "dzedunhu… dzinotarisana nekukundikana kwazvino kuturikira gadziriro yezvirongwa kuita" (Cleverdon, 2002).

Haikwane Mhepo

Tsvagurudzo yaRobert Cleverdon yeSouthern Africa (2002), yakawana kuti kuoma kwekuwana nyika dzeSadc ndicho chimwe chezvinetso zvinonyanya kutaurwa zvinotarisana nekusimudzira kwekushanya. Akatarisa kuti mukati memasangano emhepo masevhisi aive "asina kukwana nekuti padanho rekudiwa raive risingakwanire kupa" chero chinhu chiri nani. Cleverdon inoratidza kuti vashanyi vangasarudza dunhu kana kufamba kuenda / kubva kune dzimwe nyika kwakagadziridzwa. Kubatana-kwenzvimbo-dunhu kwaizovandudzawo kushanya sezvo vashanyi vazhinji vanofamba vachipinda neSouth Africa nedzimwe nyika vanoona izvi zvichipedza mihoro yavo yekushanya. Vafambi venguva refu vanojairira kuwanda kwemazuva ese uye havawone yazvino yendege kuronga sekukwana.

Zvivakwa zvisina kugutsa

Tourism inoda chivakwa chikuru kwazvo uye nyika zhinji hadzikwanisi kubhadhara mari yekuvaka kubva kubhajeti rehurumende. "Tanzania inoda 500km yemigwagwa mitsva kana yakagadziridzwa kuti kushanya kuwedzere zvakanyanya," sekutaura kwaCleverdon. Tichitarisa kushanya seye chete indasitiri inobatsirwa kubva kunovandudzwa migwagwa inogumira kutsigira mapurojekiti; saka vatariri vezvekushanya vanofanirwa kushanda pamwe nemamwe ese zvikamu zvehupfumi kuitira kuti zviwanikwa zvakakura zvezvivakwa zvitsigire akasiyana siyana evashandisi uye zvinoshandisa zvinogonesa kurongeka kwekudyara.

Kubudirira kweHuman Resource

Dzimwe dzenyika dzemu Africa hadzina zviwanikwa zvevashandi zvine hunyanzvi hwakakodzera uye nenhamba dzakaringana dzekushandira zvakakwana hotera, mafambiro uye maindasitiri ezvekushanya sezvo budiriro yemaneja inoda hunyanzvi, mitauro uye hunyanzvi hwehukama. Cleverdon anokurudzira kupa kushanya muzvirongwa zvechikoro kuumba ruzivo nezveindasitiri iyi, pamwe nekushanda pamwe nedzidzo yepamusoro-soro vanoita sarudzo kuti vatange masangano ekudzidzisa nekudzidza.

Mutemo uye Mutemo

Utsotsi hunoramba huri hukama husina kusimba muzvirongwa zvekusimudzira zvekushanya. Mhosva, kusanganisira mhirizhonga inoitirwa vashanyi, yakafukidzwa zvakanyanya munhau dzekuMadokero uye inodzivisa kudyara kwekushanya kutsva. Utsotsi hunogadzira kusava nechokwadi uye mibvunzo kusagadzikana kwekudyara mudunhu. Cleverdon inoratidza kudiwa kwekudzora utsotsi kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwekutsvaga uye kugadzirisa mitengo uye kusanganisa matanho aya mumakambani ekushambadzira enzvimbo.

Pakati pemaguta gumi epamusoro ematsotsi mu Africa:

Rustenberg, SA (85.71 kunze kweinogona kunge mhosva yekupara mhosva zana -Numbeo Report 100)
Pietermaritzburg, SA (Guta guru reKwa-Zulu-Natal Province; huwandu hwematsotsi hwe87.5 kubva mungangoita mhosva zana -Numbeo Report kubva muna Ndira 100)
Johannesburg, SA (Guta guru redunhu reGauteng; 91.61 kubva munhamba yematsotsi angangoita zana - Numbeo Report kubva munaKurume 100). Inozivikanwa se "Rudzi Rwepasi Rwokubata".
Durbin, SA (87.89 kunze kweinogona kuitika mhosva ye100; Numbeo Report Kubva munaKurume 2016). Chirevo cha2014 cheMexico Citizens 'Council for Public Security uye Criminal Justice, Durban City yaive yechi38 pakati pemakumi mashanu emaguta ane chisimba pasi rose.
Cape Town, SA (82.45 kubva panogona kuita zana, Numbeo kubva munaKurume 100, kuwedzera kubva pamakore matatu apfuura)
Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Nairobi, Kenya (Yakatarwa 78.49 kubva pa100 naNumbeo kubva munaKurume 2016).

Investments

Iyo indasitiri yekushanya inozivikanwa, sekureva kwaCleverdon (2002), nemari hombe yekumberi-kwekupedzisira uye inononoka kudzoka. Vashandi vemari vanowanzomhanyira kunzvimbo dzinopa chokwadi chechokwadi. Mamiriro ekunze ekudyara mudunhu reSouthern Africa Development Community (SADC) haana, chokwadi. Cleverdon akaona kuti kusava nechokwadi uku kuri pachena mukuzeza kwevatengesi kuunza mapurojekiti kumusika uye nekumisikidzwa kwenzira dzakasimba nemasangano emari ezvekushanya. Tsvagiridzo yake inoratidza kuti mapurojekiti Akachengeteka anoenderera mberi, achiwanzo gadzira kuwanda munzvimbo dzakadai seGauteng, Western Cape, uye chikamu cheSouth Africa chekhasino.

Zvichida

Sezvo tichangobva kudzoka kubva kushanya kuBotswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, neSouth Africa, zviri pachena kuti kudiwa kwekushanya kuri kukura. Zvinosuruvarisa, shanduko yemamiriro inodiwa nenhamba iri kuwedzera yevashanyi haisi kukura muchiyero, ichisiya nzvimbo munzvimbo dzebasa, zvekufambisa, tekinoroji, dzidzo uye sevhisi.

Hurumende dzenyika dzemu Africa dzinokurudzirwa kuungana vachitsigira indasitiri nekupa hwaro hwezvivakwa hunogona kusimbiswa nevemasangano akazvimirira. Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanogona kufambisa nyore kuburikidza neanenge aripo mabhodhoro emabhodhoro, kufambisa mukana wevanofamba nemhepo, uye nekupa mikana yekusimudzira nedzidzo yevashandi vane hunyanzvi. Hutungamiri hwehurumende hunodikanwawo mukuchengetedza kwakachengetedzeka, kusimudzira hutano, uye kumwe kutsigirwa kwezvivakwa.

Zvekubatana zvinofanirwa kukurudzirwa pakati pemafemu emuno uye epasi rese vanoshanda mahotera kuitira kuti kudzidza kwakasimudzwa uye hunyanzvi hwekuita-maseti kubva kumasangano epasirese anogona kuendeswa kune vatungamiriri vebhizimusi vemuno.

Hotera, nhandare yendege, mugwagwa, uye mapurojekiti ekuvaka njanji anogona kupa mikana yezvakawanda zvekuita zvevashandi kuburikidza nenzira dzakananga dzekutenga kwevanhu. Iko kushandiswa kwemidziyo yemuno, matekinoroji uye mabhizinesi madiki-mashoma kuchawedzera mikana yemabasa.

Ita iyo Math. Kutsvaga Kwemusika

Kune nzara yekutsvaga kwemusika pane zvekushanya munzvimbo ye Africa. Hurumende dzemu Africa, mukubatsirana nevashandi vebudiriro, vanofanirwa kugadzira nekushandisa nzira dzinoshanda dzekuunganidza dhata rezvekushanya kuti vanyatsoongorora mupiro weichi chikamu mukusimudzira magariro pamwe nehupfumi. Parizvino, nyika zhinji dziri kusangana nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekushanya. Neruzivo diki rwekuti zvikamu zvakasiyana sei zvedanho rekushanya zvinobatsira sei mukukanganisa kwaro nekusimudzira hupfumi, zvinenge zvisingaite kugadzira nzira yekutengesa kwenguva refu.

Kutsigira Tourism

Kune mikana mikuru yekuvandudza kwekushanya mudunhu iro rakapfuma mune zviwanikwa uye zvetsika zviwanikwa. Dzakawanda dzenyika dziri mumatanho ekutanga ezvekushanya uye kusimudzira kwekufamba, - zvichiita kuti ive nguva yakakwana yekuronga kushanya. Zvinetso zvakabatanidzwa kwete kune zviwanikwa zvisingaiti asi kune zvivakwa uye hutongi hwenyika. Kunyangwe paine tarisiro yekusimudzira, nzvimbo zhinji dzisingadzorerwe dzenyika dziri kurasika (kureva, kutemwa kwemasango, kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo uye mhuka dzesango). Mushandirapamwe wepasi rose unenge wakakosha mukushandura kubatana kwepakati peAfrica uye kufamba kwenyika nekushanya. Tinogona kubatsira nyika kuchengetedza zviwanikwa nekushanyira dunhu uye nekutsigira emabhizinesi emuno.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, tinya pano.

Munyori, Dr. Elinor Garely inhengo ye TravelMarketingNetwork muNew York.