Iyi ndiyo mibvunzo yaunoda kubvunzwa. "Wakambofamba here?" anobvunza Richard Fain, muAmerica ane gobvu anoita seanotsenga shoko rimwe nerimwe nehasha sezvaanotaura. Never. “Icho chinhu chakaipa kwazvo,” anoenderera mberi achinyemwerera. “Asi unoziva, iwowo mukana wakanaka. Kudai wazviita, ungadai usina zvakawanda zvokutarisira.”
Fain, mukuru mukuru weRoyal Caribbean Cruises, wepasirese No2 cruise operator, ane pfungwa yakaoma yekuseka kuti ienderane nechimiro chake chine shaya. Indasitiri yake yakadonhedzwa nedivi nekuderera kwemari uye flu yenguruve, uye achangobva kutaura zvikamu zviviri zvakateedzana zvekurasikirwa paboka rake rekuchinja mabhiriyoni mana emadhora, asi achiri kutengesa.
Uye anofanira kudaro. Gore rino ari kuparura chikepe cheRoyal Caribbean chinoshamisira zvikuru, Oasis of the Seas, ngarava hurusa pasi rose. Iko zvino yave kupinda mune imwe yedzakanyanya kuderera kwekuzorora pane rekodhi.
Kusiya ngarava? Kwete zvishoma zvayo, anodaro Boston-born Fain. Chitsva chakanaka, uye chikuru chiri nani. "Ndakarwisa izvozvo kwemakore akawanda, uye ndaiwanzoti hativaki makuru, tinovaka akanakisa, asi saizi yakajairwa haigone kugashira pfungwa dzese dzine vanhu vangu."
Saka Oasis yeMakungwa, iyo inodhura £900m kuvaka uye irikuedzwa mugungwa, ine zvese zvinofungirwa kupfuura zvakajairika makirabhu, mabhawa uye nzvimbo dzemitambo dzakazara muchikepe. Kune nzvimbo yakavhurika yepakati pepaki, aqua-theatre, Coney Island-style boardwalk, madziro maviri ekukwira, ice rink, bhawa inoyangarara pakati pemadhiri, makamuri epadenga ane dzimba dzekugezera dzine mvura mbiri. . .
“Ndinoona wanga uchirava bhurocha redu,” anoseka kudaro Fain. "Ma suites anoshamisa."
Anosimbirira kuti ngarava iyi inoshandura mutambo - chigadzirwa chinoshandura ruzivo rwekufamba uye kukwevera vafambi kubva kune anouraya mukwikwidzi weRoyal Caribbean, Carnival. Asi iyo Oasis yeMakungwa, iyo inotaridzika kureba uye ine 40% yakawanda nzvimbo yeruzhinji kupfuura chero rwendo rwechikepe chisati chavakwa, kunyange kukwana muzviteshi zvezvikepe?
"Hongu," anodaro Fain. "Chisungo muzviteshi zvizhinji kureba - izvi hazvina kureba kupfuura ngarava dziripo, dzakafara nekureba." Mamwe matangi eoiri achiri mahombe.
Fain, makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, akagara muhotera yeLondon munzira kuenda kuOasis yegungwa reFinnish doyard, haavhunduke nekukahadzika kupi kwandinogona kumukanda. Ane tsika uye akatsunga, muzukuru-muzukuru wevatorwa vekuUkraine, akatungamira Royal Caribbean kubvira 61, uye ndiye mutyairi ari kumashure kwekuwedzera kwayo nekukurumidza, kubva ku1988 kusvika ku4 zvikepe, uye kutsunga kwayo kuvaka zvikepe zvikuru zvinoyangarara.
“Zvikepe,” anondiruramisa. “Hatimbozviti mabhoti. Ngarava.” Anobva aseka.
Seri kwekuseka, pane tsono inofananidzwa inomutsa chishuvo chake. Royal Caribbean neCarnival vakaunganidza vakwikwidzi uye zvino vanoshandisa boka remhando kubva kuMiami base. Ose ari maviri anotungamirwa nevakuru venguva refu uye vakasundidzira rwendo kuenda kumutengi mudiki, anoshanda zvakanyanya. Ikoko kufanana kunomira. Micky Arison, bhirioni weIsrael-America ane mukurumbira uyo ane chikamu-varidzi veCarnival, akavaka bhizinesi rake kusvika kaviri saizi, uye mugadziri wemusoro wemusikirwo. Fain anosarudza kurega zvikepe zvake zvichitaura.
Uye pakave nerudo rushoma rwakarasika kubva Arison akaedza kuedza kwaFain kubatanidza Royal Caribbean neP&O Princess Cruises makore masere apfuura. Carnival yakapedzisira yatenga kambani yeBritish ne£3.3 bhiriyoni muna 2003. Izvi zvakasiya mavanga.
“Zvakanga zvisingafadzi nokuda kwedu tose,” anogumisa kudaro Fain nokudimbudzira. Nokuti? Anokwenya. "Hatina kuwana zvataida uye Carnival yakaguma yabhadhara zvakanyanya."
Zvakadaro, anotenda Oasis yeMakungwa, iyo inotora 5,600 vafambi, ichapa bhizinesi rake kukwira zvakare. Iyo Royal Caribbean International brand, yakanangana nemhuri, ichave yakakura kupfuura chero chinhu Carnival inogona kukwikwidza nacho.
Kozotiwo mamwe eboka reRoyal Caribbean: Celebrity Cruises, akanangana nevaroorani; Azamara, kune vafambi vanonzwisisa; Pullmantur uye CDF Croisières de France, yemisika yeSpanish neFrance zvakateerana; uye mubatanidzwa mutsva naTui, hofori yekufamba kweGerman. Boka racho rinewo zvimwe zvikepe zvitanhatu zviri kuvakwa.
Iwo maodha anonetsa vamwe, vanofunga kuti Royal Caribbean inofanirwa kunge iri mothballing, kwete kutumwa. Kambani iyi, iyo yakabatanidzwa muLiberia uye yakanyorwa muNew York neOslo, inotakura zvikwereti zvakakura semari dzayo, uye maodha ezvikepe ari pamusoro pemadhora mazana matanhatu emadhora (£ 6 bhiriyoni).
Pakadonha migove yeRoyal Caribbean kubva pamadhora makumi mashanu neshanu apfuura kusvika pamadhora matanhatu Kukadzi uno, vazhinji vakashamisika kana bhizinesi ringangonyura zvachose. Mutengo wekugova wave pedyo nemadhora makumi maviri, asi Fain anobvuma kuti akabatwa-batwa.
“Yaiva nguva yaityisa,” anodaro. "Ini handifunge kuti vanhu vakapa chokwadi chekuti tine zvisungo zvekutsigira mari."
Izvi zvaisanganisira zvisungo zvakanyorwa nehurumende dzeFinland neGermany kubatsira mari yezvikepe zvitsva. Zvisungo zvakadaro zvinowanzoitika, sezvo nzvimbo dzezvikepe dzinowanzokwira chikamu chemutengo wezvikepe zvitsva, zvozobhadharwa mukati memakore mushure mekutangwa. Uye, Fain anopokana, nepo indasitiri yake ichinyanya kunetseka nekudzikira kupfuura mamwe masekete, zvakare inopora nekukurumidza kana zvinhu zvave nani.
Saka zvino kutaridzika sei? “Tinotora runhare 75,000 pazuva kubva kuvanhu vanofarira kubhuka rwendo, saka tine chigunwe chedu pamhepo. Musika wacho hausi kushata, asi hausi kuita zviri nani futi. Zvisinei, kurega kuipa ndiro danho rokutanga rokuita zviri nani.”
Iko kusimuka uye kutonhora kwakadzikama hakuna kumbobvira kwakaparadzana muFain's patter. Akazvarwa mwanakomana wegotwe weEast Coast mutengesi wekutengesa, akaenda kuCalifornia's Berkeley University muzuva rayo guru, asi akazotora MBA mune zvemari kuWharton.
“Ndakakura ndichiziva kuti unoshandira zvawawana,” anodaro Fain.
Basa rekutanga paIU International conglomerate rakazomuisa muruwoko rwayo rwekutakura ngarava, Gotaas-Larsen, ari muLondon. Akabatsira kuishandura, akapedza makore gumi muBritain muma1980s. Akabva atarisa pakudyara kwayo murwendo rwekushanya, Royal Caribbean.
Mushure mekuita mazano ekuti bhizinesi ringavandudzwa sei, akakokwa kuti atore nzvimbo yepamusoro. “Yaiva nyaya yokuvharwa kana kuti kuvharwa,” anodaro nounyengeri.
Kare muna 1988, zvairatidzika kuva danho reushingi. Cargo line Gotaas-Larsen aive mumwe wevaridzi vezvikepe vakakura pasi rose. Royal Caribbean yaive diki. “Ehe, vanhu vaifunga kuti ndakatsamwa kujoina,” anodaro Fain, “asi ndakangofunga kuti kufamba nechikepe kwakanga kwava kuda kusimuka.”
Akakurumidza kutanga kutumira zvikepe zvakakura, achiwedzera zvimwe zvinhu uye zveumbozha. “Kwaimbove netsika yekuti zvikepe zvidiki zvaive zveumbozha, nekuti vaive nehupfumi hwakashata uye nekudaro vaida mari yakawanda. Takatendeuka kudaro."
Iyo kambani yakanyorwa muna 1993 uye yakawedzera zvishoma kubva ipapo. Kubudirira kwaFain, vanodaro vamwe, kuri mukudzora mitengo uku uchitsigira pfungwa itsva. “Uye anomhanyisa timu yakanaka,” anodaro Martin Watson, chipangamazano wake wezvemitemo wenguva refu.
Fain anotenda kuti kuchine kudiwa kukuru kusati kwaitwa. Saka Royal Caribbean kuwedzera muLatin America neAsia, uko kuri kuona kukurumidza kukura. “Hachisisiri chigadzirwa chekuAmerica, chave chepasi rose. MuAsia, hapana akambofamba nechikepe. "
Uye vanhu vakazviedzazve, anosimbirira kuti, vanova vatendeukiri kuchikonzero, vachinyengetedza vamwe. Zvadaro snowball effect inotora.
“Inenge 94% yevanhu vanotora zororo rekufamba nzendo vanoti zvakanaka kana kuti zviri nani pane zororo renyika. Uye ndinokuvimbisa, hauwane 94% kugutsikana kwekoramu yako, hapana anowana izvo, kunyangwe vagadziri vechokoreti. "
Dambudziko, anoenderera mberi, ipfungwa dzisiridzo dzichiri kubatwa nevanhu vazhinji: kuti kufamba muchikepe ndekwevakuru, vapfumi, nevanogara. "Ingave sei yekugara kana sarudzo dzinosanganisira kutsvedza muchando, kukwira matombo uye kusefa? Avhareji yezera revatakuri vedu i44. Handiti vakura kudaro, unodaro here?”
Tevere, anovimbisa ngarava dzakasvibira, nehunyanzvi hwekudzoreredza mvura yakarasa, uye kugadzira akawanda emagetsi avo kubva kumaseru ephotovoltaic. Iyo Oasis yeMakungwa inotova neTeflon-yakavharwa hull kuti iite kuti ikwanise kutsvedza nemasaisai zvakanaka.
Uye chakanakira vatengi, anodaro, ndechekuti iko zvino kune zvibvumirano zvechokwadi zvinofanirwa kuve nazvo. Ane, mushure mezvose, awana ngarava hombe kwazvo yekuzadza rwendo rwayo rwekutanga mumwedzi mitatu kubva zvino.
Pamberi pazvo, Royal Caribbean ichadzoka mupurofiti, anovimbisa. Uye Oasis yeMagungwa ichafambiswa nechikepe zvishoma nezvishoma ichidzika kumahombekombe eAfrica - ichipa vashandi vayo nevashandi vevaraidzo mukana wekudzidzira zviito zvavo - vozoyambuka Atlantic kunomira muFort Lauderdale, yakagadzirira kuvhurwa.
"Kekutanga kufamba nechikepe, Zvita 5, nzvimbo dzichiri kuwanikwa." Mitengo yehusiku hupfumbamwe kubhururuka-kutenderera kuCaribbean inotangira pa £1,885 yekabhini yemukati, chikafu chinosanganisirwa.
“Tinongoshuva kuti dai tisina kupa ukoshi hwakakura kudaro nokuda kwemari,” anodaro Fain, achidzungudza musoro wake. Ari kuigadzira here? Zvichida kwete. Gadzirai mutsara wakarongeka ndapota.
