Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inotyisidzira hupenyu hwevanhu vemo, tsika nemagariro

Zvizvarwa zvechivanhu, zvakaomerwa nekuparara kwekudziya kwepasi kwakaungana svondo rapfuura muAnchorage, Alaska kuitira hurukuro pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze munharaunda dzavanogara. “Marudzi ezvizvarwa zvemo ndiwo ari pamberi pedambudziko renyika yose iri, panguva iyo tsika nemararamiro avo munyika dzekare zvave kutotyisidzirwa,” akadaro Patricia Cochran, sachigaro weIndigenous Peoples’ Global Summit on Climate Change muAlaska.

Vakatsamwa nekuwedzera kwekuparadzwa kuri kuita dambudziko remamiriro ekunze pasi rose nevanhu vese, vakadaidzira rutsigiro uye mari yekuzvigadzirira ivo pachavo kugadzirisa uye kudzikisira zvirongwa, zvichibva paruzivo rwavo rwechivanhu nemaitiro.

Vagari venzvimbo kubva kumatunhu ese epasi zvinoenderana nekwavanogara. Ruzivo rwavo rwakapfuma uye rwakadzama rwechinyakare runoratidza uye runomiririra hukama hwetsika nezvemweya nenyika, nyanza nemhuka dzesango. Zvisinei, zviri kuitwa nevanhu zviri kushandura mamiriro ekunze enyika uye kuchinja mamiriro ekunze ayo vanhu veko vanonyanya kunamatira kwairi uye yavanotsamira nayo zvakanyanya.

Vanhu vekumusha ndivo vari pamberi mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Ivo vanocherekedza mamiriro ekunze uye shanduko yezvakatipoteredza pakutanga-ruoko uye vanoshandisa ruzivo rwechinyakare uye hunyanzvi hwekupona kuchinjika kune idzi shanduko sezvadzinoita. Zvakare, ivo vanofanirwa kuzviita panguva iyo tsika nemararamiro avo zvave kutochinja zvakanyanya nekuda, muchidimbu, nekukurumidzira kusimukira kwezviwanikwa kubva kumatunhu avo echinyakare anokurudzirwa nekutengeserana kusununguka uye kudyidzana kwepasi rose.

Migumisiro pakushanya inogona kukuvadza zvikuru zvakare. Sezvo kudziya kwepasi kunoenderera mberi kuveza iyo hemisphere, vanhu vanowanzo famba. Vanotama, uye pakupedzisira misha iri mungozi yokubviswa kwemafungu evanhu. Kare tsika dzeko dzisati dzanyangarika, mukana wokukwezva vashanyi kuti vauye kunzvimbo dzakagara nhaka unopera.

Mukugadzirisa dambudziko remidzi - kupiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa - vagari venzvimbo iyi vakadaidzira kumisa nekukasira pakuvandudzwa kwemafuta ezvicherwa uye vakadaidzira kukurumidza uye kungochinja kubva kure nemafuta.

“Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yeArctic iri kunyunguduka, Africa iri kutambudzika nekusanaya kwemvura uye zvitsuwa zvakawanda zvePacific zviri munjodzi yekutsakatika. Vanhu veko vakavharirwa munhaurirano dzenyika nedzepasirese, "akadaro Jihan Gearon, simba rekuzvarwa uye mushandirapamwe wemamiriro ekunze weIndigenous Environmental Network. “Tiri kutumira mashoko akasimba kumusangano unotevera weUN Framework Convention on Climate Change muna Zvita muCopenhagen, Denmark kuti bhizinesi semazuva ose ngaripere, nekuti bhizinesi semazuva ose riri kutiuraya. Vatori vechikamu pamusangano uyu vakamira vakabatana pakutumira meseji kuvatungamiriri venyika muCopenhagen vachidaidzira kuti pave nedonzvo rinosungirwa kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo munyika dzakabudirira zveinenge 45 muzana pasi pemazinga a1990 panosvika 2020 uye ingangoita 95 muzana panosvika 2050. "

Faith Gemmil, director we Resisting Environmental Destruction on Indigenous Lands is a Pit River/Wintu and Neets'aii Gwich'in Athabascan anobva kuArctic Village yeAlaska. Akataura kuti boka rake rekuzvarwa riri kupokana nemafuta emafuta uye maindasitiri emigodhi nekuda kwekodzero dzavo dzekuchengetedza nharaunda ine hutano. “Tinoda kugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nemaitiro ebudiriro asina kugadzikana. Pane kukanganisa kusingaenzaniswi kweindasitiri yemafuta ezvicherwa pavanhu verudzi rweAlaska, zvichienderera mberi nekukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze; uye zvimwewo, kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzera kudzvanyirirwa kweminda yatinovimba nayo kuti tirarame,” vakadaro.

Sekureva kwake, vagari veko vakatambura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi semigodhi yemarasha, migodhi yeuranium, kuchera mafuta negesi, marasha emubhedha methane, simba renyukireya uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi emvura - asi vari pakati peavo vanobatsirwa zvishoma kubva kune izvi. kuvandudzwa kwesimba. Zvizvarwa zvechivanhu zvinotarisana nekusaenzana pamusoro pekutonga, uye kuwana, simba risingaperi nemabasa emagetsi.

"Kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze muAlaska kunosanganisira kukukurwa kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe, izvo zvinokonzeresa kutamiswa kwemaguta akanyura, zvichiva kukanganisa kukuru munharaunda. Mazaya echando ari kunyungudika nekukurumidza, achivhura nzira dzemvura mumakungwa - izvo zvinotorwa neindasitiri. Ikozvino vari kuti sezvo nzira dzave kuvhurwa, vanoti vanoda kuvhura dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchera kunze kwemahombekombe uye vanokwanisa kutakura nengarava, "akadaro achiwedzera vanogadzira, kuburikidza nehutongi hweBush, vari kuyedza kuvhura mamirioni emaeka. kumahombekombe emvura muAlaska. Zvisinei, akati boka rake rakahwina nyaya iyi. "Alaska zvizvarwa network uye isu tiri kurwisa. Nguva pfupi yadarika takakunda muhondo huru svondo rapfuura apo Dare reDistrict of Columbia rakakanda hurongwa hwekuwana maeka 83 miriyoni eOuter Continental Shelf iyo yaifambiswa neShell Oil. Shell ine nhoroondo refu yekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, izvo zvakatambura vazhinji vakafa, saKen Saro-Wiwa weOgoni People muNiger Delta yeAfrica.

“Hazvigumire ipapo; Shell akabuda nguva pfupi yadarika aine chirevo achiburitsa hurongwa hwekuvandudza gungwa, iyo yekutanga kushandiswa kwemvura yenharaunda dzemahombekombe. Vanhu vakagara imomo kwezviuru zvemakore, vachitsamirana pamusoro pemvura pamahombekombe avo. Vairarama nekubata hove, kurarama kwemhuka dzemugungwa, tsika dzesalmon – zvichipa hupfumi kuvanhu mudunhu,” vakadaro vachipokana nevacheri vemigodhi vanoramba vachiti salmon iri kudzikira, uye haisisiri hupfumi hunogona kuvimbwa nahwo nevanhu. Saka gamuchirai budiriro yekunze.

Nzvimbo dzinogara zvizvarwa zvemo dzine zviwanikwa zvakawanda uye dzinoshanda senzvimbo inobvisirwa hupfumi nehurumende nemakambani asi dziri nzvimbo dzine hurombo hwakanyanya.

Tom Goldtooth, director weIndigenous Environmental Network, ndiDakota uye Dine (Navajo) anobva kuMinnesota. Iye akati: "Tinoda mhinduro chaidzo kumhirizhonga yemamiriro ekunze uye kwete mhinduro dzenhema senge sango kabhoni inobvisa uye dzimwe nzira dzemusika dzinobatsira chete avo vari kuita mari pazvirongwa izvi zvinotyisa."

Vatove munzira kuenda kubudiriro yavo 'yakaganhurirwa' maOsage muOklahoma neCrow madzinza ari kutevera marasha-mubhedha methane mapurojekiti, ukuwo maThree Affiliated Tribes ekuchengeterwa kweFort Berthold kuNorth Dakota ari kupinda mubhizinesi rekunatsa mafuta. Marudzi eSouthern Ute uye Ute Mountain Ute muColorado ari kutevera kusimudzira oiri neziso rekusimudzira marasha-mubhedha methane. Rudzi rweFort Mohave rwuri kuzasi kweColorado River muArizona neCalifornia vari kurenda nzvimbo yavo kuCalifornia based energy company, Calpine Corporation, kuti vavake gwenya rekugadzira magetsi gasi. Zvibvumirano zvinobvumira kuvakwa kwetambo dzekufambisa magetsi munyika yese yeIndia zviri kutaurirana, kazhinji pasina ruzivo rwakakwana kubva kunhengo dzemadzinza.

VaGoldtooth vakati, “Chimwe chemhinduro mukuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze idanho rakatorwa neWorld Bank rekuchengetedza masango munyika dzichiri kusimukira kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemusika wecarbon unonzi Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation kana kuti REDD. Asi musanyengerwa, REDD hapana chairi kuita kugadzirisa zviri kukonzera kuparadzwa kwemasango.”

Simba rakachena uye mabasa akasvibira anozopa bhenefiti yakanaka kukuchengetedza Indian zvakanyanya kupfuura asingadzokerike marasha, oiri kana simba renyukireya rakasanganiswa. Simba rakasviba rinogadzirwa kubva muzvinhu zvenyukireya uye zvisaririra zvakafa munyika dzemadzinza zvinongoratidzira vanhu veko kunjodzi dzesimba rekukura kwesimba. Ivhu nevagari varo vanopedzisira vabhadhara mutengo unodhura wekurima simba rakasviba, akadaro IEN.

Clayton Thomas-Muller, director weCanada weIndigenous Environmental Network - Tar Sands Murongi, anofananidza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nekuuraya rudzi. "Panguva yatinofanira kudzikisa hutsi hwedu, US nehurumende dzeCanada dziri kungowedzera nekukohwa kudzikisira. Ivo havasi kutevedzera Kyoto Protocol. Nenzira yakanaka, vanoita mhirizhonga yetsika kuvanhu vedu. Sezvo ivhu redu richidzikiswa kubva mukusimudzirwa kwebudiriro uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, vanhu vedu vazhinji vari kuenda nezvikonzero zvehupfumi muguta. Havachada kugara munzvimbo dzavanogara nekuti nzvimbo yavo inosviba uye iri ngozi huru kuvana vavo,” vakadaro.

Muller akati vazhinji havachakwanisi 'kudya' nyika kana kukohwa mishonga inoera - rudzi rwekuuraya rudzi. "Izvi zvichava nerevo huru nevashanyi vanoda kuuya, kugovana uye kupedza nguva nevanhu veko uye kudzidza tsika dzedu uye hukama hwedu nehutsvene hwaAmai Pasi," akadaro achiwedzera, "nekuti izvi zvave kupera." VeCanada vanotakura meseji kuna Pres. VaObama kuti vape chirevo chemutungamiri wenyika kuti vamise maitiro ese ekubvumidzwa kwekuwedzera kwepombi yemafuta ejecha inopinda muUnited States pamwe nekutsigira Alberta First Nation Chiefs inoda kuCanada kuti imbomisa kuwedzera kweCanada tar sands development.

Kuchengetedzwa kwemadzinza kunochengetedza mukana wepamusoro wemhepo uye simba rezuva. IEN inokumbira manejimendi kuti agadzirise tsika, hutano uye hupfumi mitoro ine tsvina inogadzirwa nekutora matanho ekumisa zvese zvinokurudzira zvehurumende nerutsigiro rwemari rwekudyara musimba risingadzokerike. Panzvimbo pekudyara kwakasviba, manejimendi anofanirwa kupa rubatsiro rwemari runodiwa kukurudzira kudyara kwakachena kwesimba mukati menyika dzeIndia, akadaro IEN.

Egberto Tabo, Munyori Mukuru weCOICA, Body Coordinating of Indigenous Organizations muAmazon Basin akashora “kuparadza rudzi kwakakonzerwa neWorld Bank muAmazon.” Tabo akaramba kubatanidzwa kwemasango mumusika wecarbon uye mari yebhanga yeREDD. Mumiriri weWorld Bank, Navin Rai akabvuma kuti “Bhangi rakambokanganisa kare. Tinoziva kuti pakanga paine matambudziko nemapurojekiti akaita senzira huru yetrans-Amazon. " Asi REDD, Tabo akapokana kuti hazvizonyanya kufanana. Zvisineyi, vatungamiri venyika pamusangano wepasi rose havana kugutsikana nevimbiso dzake uye mharidzo yeBank Bank yakapera nechikumbiro chevakadzi vekuWestern Shoshone kuBhanga kuti rimise kupa mari zvirongwa zvinoisa hupenyu hwevanhu veko munjodzi.

Kuipa kusati kwasvika pakuipisisa, vashanyi vangadai vakagara vakasiya nzvimbo idzi dzetsika dziri tsvene kuvagari veko. Obama anotarisana nerimwe dambudziko.