Mwoyo Unodziya weKushanya: Malawi Inopemberera Zuva reIndependence

Vanhu veMalawi
Avatar yeJuergen T Steinmetz

Malawi ine nhoroondo inodada yekugadzikana kwedemocracy. Nhasi iZuva rayo reIndependence. Malawi inoita basa rakakosha rerunyararo muAfrica.

Malawi, inyika yakakomberedzwa nenyika iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAfrica, inotsanangurwa nenzvimbo yayo yenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakamurwa neGreat Rift Valley neLake Malawi hombe.

Kumaodzanyemba kwedhamu iri kunowira mukati meLake Malawi National Park - kuchengetedza mhuka dzesango dzakasiyana-siyana kubva kuhove dzine mavara-mavara kusvika kumagudo - uye mvura yaro yakachena inofarirwa zvikuru nekunyura nekukwira magwa. Peninsular Cape Maclear inozivikanwa nenzvimbo dzayo dzemahombekombe. 

African's Warm Heart, Malawi, iri kurova nekukurumidza izvozvi uye kugamuchirwa kwenhoroondo iripo kune vese vanoda kuona musanganiswa usingaenzaniswi we. nyanzaMamiriroWildlife & tsika nemagariro mune imwe yenyika dzeAfrica dzakanaka uye dzakabatana. Achangobva kupfekedzwa korona seimwe ye Iyo Lonely Planet Yakanakisa muKufamba Kwepamusoro Nyika dze2022 (kutaridzika kunoshamisa kwechipiri pane yakakurumbira runyorwa mumakore achangopfuura) Kushanya kweMalawi kwakagadzirirwa kudzoka kune yakakwira nzira yaive padenda repamberi.

Inotsanangurwa se'Warm Heart Of Africa', ichi chinhu chidiki chinozivikanwa cheiyi kondinendi yakasiyana chine zvakawanda zvekupa; mhuka dzesango, tsika, kushanya, nzvimbo, uye zvechokwadi dziva rechitatu pakukura muAfrica. Nzvimbo yekuenda kwegore rose, vamwe vanotosvika kure kurondedzera Malawi senzvimbo inoyevedza uye yakakwana kwazvo muAfrica!

Izvi zvingaite sekuda kunyanyisa kune nyika diki zvakadaro asi chokwadi chiri mumusanganiswa wakasiyana wezvitsva zvinokwezva izvo Malawi inofanira kupa.

Ndokupi kumwe kwaungawana kudyidzana kwakadaro kwetsika uye kugamuchirwa kwoushamwari kwakadaro munyika ine rugare nayo pachayo? Ndekupi kumwe kwaungasangana kwakasiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwekareidoscope munzvimbo diki yakadai? Muno mune gomo repamusoro-soro repakati peAfrica, mapani akakura marefu ane maonero anoita seasina muganhu, masango nemapaki emhuka asina kuparara uye, chishongo chiri mukorona, dziva rechitatu pakukura uye rakanaka kwazvo muAfrica - gungwa remukati menyika zvechokwadi.

Ne safaris inonakidza ikozvino inokwikwidza vavakidzani vayo nekuda kwekuchinja kwemhuka dzesango kwakaunzwa neAfrica Parks, zviri nyore kuona kuti sei Malawi ikozvino yave kuratidza kufarirwa.

Wildlife Malawi

Indasitiri yekuMalawi yevashanyi yakakosha kuhupfumi hwenyika yese uye inotsigira huwandu hukuru hwevaMalawi veko kuburikidza nemabasa nemapurojekiti enharaunda, pamwe nekubatsira kuchengetedza hupfumi hwenyika. Sezvo ichiedza kupora kubva mukukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa neCCIDID-19, uye kuenderera mberi nebasa rayo rakakosha, indasitiri iri kuita zvese zvainogona kuve nechokwadi chekugara zvakanaka kwevashanyi vayo.

Nhasi Secretary of State of America anotumira kwaziso inotevera kuVanhu vekuMalawi.

Ndakamiririra United States, ndinopa zvishuvo zvangu zvakanaka uye makorokoto kuvanhu pamwe nehurumende yeRepublic of Malawi pamakore makumi mashanu nemasere ekupemberera kuzvitonga kwenyu.

Nhasi tinopemberera nhoroondo yekudada yeMalawi yekugadzikana kwedemokrasi uye makumi emakore edu ekudyidzana kwepedyo. United States inonakidzwa nehukama hwakasimba nematanho ese ehurumende yeMalawi, masangano akazvimiririra, uye veruzhinji. Tose, tinoedza kuvaka ramangwana rakajeka, rakachengeteka, uye rakabudirira zvikuru revanhu vekuMalawi nevekuAmerica zvakafanana. Tinokukwazisai kuedza kwenyu kusimbisa hutongi hwejekerere, kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi, uye kukurudzira runyararo kuchamhembe kweAfrica nekumwe.

Sezvo Malawi inopemberera Zuva reIndependence, United States inofara kumira nevatinoshanda navo uye shamwari dzeMalawi.

Nhoroondo yeMalawi

Makore makumi mashanu nematanhatu ekuzvitonga uye makore makumi matanhatu nemaviri kubva baba waro, Hastings Kamuzu Banda, vakadzokera kuBritish koroni yeNyasaland mushure mekushanda pamwe nekudzidza kunze kwenyika.

Nyika ndiyo yaive nhengo yekutanga yeFederation of Rhodesia neNyasaland (Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe) kuwana rusununguko.

Nhoroondo inoratidza kuti matambudziko enyika pasi paBanda akaonekwa panguva chaiyo yekuvambwa kweMalawi. Kufarira kwaanoita masimba ekuMadokero uye kuvapo kwenhumwa dzeSouthern Rhodesia pamhemberero dzekuwana kuzvitonga kweMalawi kunoratidza chido chaBanda chekuda kushamwaridzana nemasimba makuru nehurumende dzevachena dzine rusaruraganda.

Banda, akange ashora danho reBritain rekuita mubatanidzwa weNyasaland neSouthern Rhodesia mukutanga kwema1950, akaregerera vose apo Malawi yakawana kuzvitonga.

Pamabiko naPrince Philip zuva risati rasvika rusununguko akazivisa kuti: “Handicharwari. Kunetsana kwedu nehurumende yeBritish kwapera. Ishamwari dzedu.” Nekutsunga kuratidza kuti uku kwaisava kutaura, Banda vakabva munyika ichiri chidiki kwangopera mazuva vachinotandara nevatungamiri venyika pamusangano weCommonwealth Prime Ministers wakaitirwa muLondon. Uye gavhuna mukuru wekoloni, Glyn Jones, akaramba ari pachigaro muMalawi kwemakore maviri.   

VaBanda vakambundirawo America, iyo yange iine chishuwo chekutumira nhumwa kumhemberero dzekuwana kuzvitonga kuzere. Muchiratidzo chekusakosha kweMalawi, nhumwa dzekuAmerica dzaitungamirwa naRufus Clement, purezidhendi weyunivhesiti. Izvi hazvina kumisa Banda kutsvaga tsamba yekunyengerera nemutungamiri wenyika Lyndon Johnson uye kuzivisa kutsigira kwake Hondo yeVietnam, kurwisana kunopikiswa nenyika dzisiri dzakabatana.

Pazuva iri nhasi muna 1964, Malawi yakawana rusununguko kubva kuBritain.  

malawi-independence

Izvi zvakaitika makore anoda kusvika 80 mushure mekupinda kweEuropean mushure me Musangano weBerlin

Muna 1961, Malawi Congress Party (MCP) yakawana ruzhinji musarudzo dzeLegislative Council uye Banda akava Prime Minister muna 1963. The Federation yakaparara muna 1963, uye gore rakatevera, Nyasaland yakawana rusununguko kubva kuhutongi hweBritain ndokuzvitumidza zita rokuti Malawi, uye iro rinorangarirwa seZuva reKuzvitonga kwenyika, zororo revanhu. Pasi pebumbiro idzva remitemo yenyika, Malawi yakava republic naBanda semutungamiri wayo wekutanga.

Padhuze nekumba, Winston Field, mutungamiri weRhodesia achangobva kubviswa pachigaro (uyo akaramba ari MP muIan Smith's Rhodesian Front) anga ari shamwari yaBanda kwemakore akati wandei. Vaibatanidza majee pamusoro pemwanakomana waSinda, Simon, uyo aive mupfupi kuna Banda mudiki. Field akapinda mumhemberero dzokuzvitonga asi akanga asiri iye oga mutezo wehurumende iyoyo wakaita kudaro. Smith akatumira gurukota rezvekurima, Lord Angus Graham. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanga ari ekuti hurumende yeRhodesia iparadzwe uye danho raBanda rekugamuchira nhumwa zvakapa Rhodesia kukosha kukuru kwepropaganda.

Vakuru veRhodesia pamwe vakafadzwawo nerutsigiro rwaVaBanda kuZimbabwe African National Union (Zanu). Kubva pakavamba Zanu gore rakanga rapfuura, VaBanda vanga vachitsigira zvakanyanya bato reZimbabwe African People’s Union (Zapu) raJoshua Nkomo, kutsemuka kwakaita kuti hurumende yaSmith ishaye simba.

Mutauriri weZapu, VaWilliam Mukurati, vanoti Zapu haina kana kukokwa kumhemberero dzekuwana kuzvitonga kuzere Malawi. Vakawedzera kuti: “Kunyangwe dai mumwe akauya, tingadai tisina kuenda kwakakokwawo Zanu nehurumende yaSmith.

Zanu yakatumira nhumwa dzenhengo dzinodarika makumi maviri dzichitungamirwa nemunyori mukuru webato, VaRobert Mugabe.

VaMugabe vakagarisana zvakanaka naVaBanda mushure mekunge Zimbabwe yawana kuzvitonga — mutungamiri weMalawi akavhura hofisi itsva yeZanu-PF muHarare muna 1990. Asi kumbundikira kwaVaMugabe kwaVaBanda hakuna kuenderera mberi munguva yose yehondo yerusununguko rweZimbabwe. Chido chake kuZanu chakadzikira paakasvika pahugaro hwakajeka hune hutongi hwevachena.

Mukupera kwema1960s, Banda aive asiya zviri pachena kuti asiya bato reZimbabwe rinorwira hutongi hwejekerere ndokupinda muboka remapato madiki ezvematongerwo enyika evatema akaita seNational People's Union aipinda muhurongwa hwebumbiro remitemo.

Kurwira kupinda mune zvematongerwo enyika kuzere uye kwakasununguka muMalawi kunoratidza kuti nguva yekusimudzira nyika iri kuramba ichiumba zvematongerwo enyika.

Nezvomunyori

Avatar yeJuergen T Steinmetz

Juergen T Steinmetz

Juergen Thomas Steinmetz akaramba achishanda muindasitiri yekufambisa uye yekushanya kubva achiri mudiki kuGerman (1977).
Iye akatanga eTurboNews muna 1999 sebhuku rekutanga repamhepo pamhepo yepasirese yekushanya indasitiri yekushanya.

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