Pashure penjodzi iri pedyo kumhara nechimbichimbi neAlaska Airlines B737-9 Max itsva muPortland, Oregon neChishanu, kuferefeta kuti sei izvi zvichiitika kuri kuenderera mberi. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzendege zvino dzinofunga kuti ingangove iri pini iri nyore Boeing yakakanganwa kuisa payakagadzira ndege muSeattle.
Ndege imwe neimwe ine maburi akawanda mufuselage yayo. Basa remaburi aya rinowanzova pachena. Ndiko uko waya dzinoda kupfuura dzichibva mukati dzichienda kunze (marambi ekumhara, maraiti ekufambisa, waya dzeantenna, nezvimwewo).
Vanotakura tambo dzekudzora kubva pazvidzori zvevatyairi kuenda kunzvimbo dzekudzora dzavanoraira. Ivo vanoita kuti zvikwanise kubatanidza zvinhu zvakaita semapapiro kune fuselage, nezvimwe.
Vanogadzika mahwindo umo vafambi vanogona kuona Nyika ichipfuura pavanenge vachifamba. Uye maburi ndiwo zvakare mashandiro anoita kuti vanhu vapinde nekubuda mundege.
Muchikamu ichocho, tinovadaidza kuti "Doors."
Iye zvino maburi mungarava dzakamanikidzwa agara ari dambudziko kune mainjiniya. Makomba anogara ari mapoinzi ekushaya simba uye kana paine kumanikidza kwakawanda kungave kunze kwechikepe (senge pasi pemvura) kana mukati mechikepe (senge ndege), unofanirwa kupedza nguva yakawanda seinjiniya uchiona kuti maburi ako haaite. vhura pausingadi kuti vavhure uye, zvakakoshawo, kuti vavhure paunoda.
Harisi basa riri nyore. Uye haisi iyo yaunoda kucheka makona kana kuitisa chero "value engineering."
Aya ndemamwe emabasa akaomarara muinjiniya uye anofanirwa kupihwa chete kune avo vane ruzivo rwakakura uye kubudirira kwakapfuura.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, zvichida, ruzivo rwakakura uye nhoroondo yekudzidza izvo zvisingashande kubva mukukundikana. Chero gonhi mune yakamanikidzwa ndege fuselage iri pasi pekunetseka kukuru uye kumanikidzwa mukubhururuka.
A yakajairika kabhini musiyano makirogiramu masere simba pa square inch. Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti, mukubhururuka, pane makirogiramu masere esimba anotsikirira pane ese sikweya inch yepamusoro, kusanganisira magonhi, achiedza kuafuridzira kunze.
Magonhi mahombe mundege akanyorwa “Rudzi A” magonhi. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwemusuwo urwo vazhinji vedu tinoziva sezvo iri mhando yemusuwo watinopfuura nawo kana tichikwira kana kubva mundege kuenda kunoshanyira ambuya vedu kuSan Francisco. A Type A gonhi rinenge 42 inches yakafara ne 72 inches kureba. Iyo inopfuura mamita matatu nehafu yakafara uye mamita matanhatu kureba. Gonhi saizi iyoyo ine nzvimbo inosvika 3,024 square inches. Pamakirogiramu masere paskweya inch kana 3,024 x 8, tinowana simba rose pamusuwo rinoda kusvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu zvepaunzi.
Wana izvozvo? Munguva yekubhururuka kwamazuva ose, gonhi rega rega rinofanirwa kumirisana nemutoro mumwechete wakagadzirwa pairi nekumanikidzwa kwekabhini sekunge riri kuedza kumisa roketi rinofambiswa neInjini yeSpace-X Kestrel.
Saka nei magonhi asiri kupeperetswa kubva mundege dzekutengesa nguva dzese? Nyore, engineering. Magonhi eKabhini akagadzirwa kuti akwane mumakomba ari mufuselage sekoki yewaini inopinda mubhodhoro rewaini. Magonhi acho akakura kudarika maburi aanovhara. Zvakare, ivo vane chimiro cheweji kwavari chinoita kuti vasunge mugomba zvakanyanya kusimba zvakanyanya kusiyana kwekumanikidza pakati pekunze nemukati.
Iyo inoyevedza mhinduro inovimbisa kuti musuwo haugone kuvhurwa mukubhururuka. Inotsamira pane imwe nzira yakaoma kunze kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo kuti ichengetedze yakavharwa. Pasi, apo pasina mutsauko mukumanikidzwa kwemhepo pakati pekunze nemukati, inogona kuvhurwa nyore nyore. Pamwe senzira yakajairika yekushanda kana munjodzi.
Dambudziko chete nemagonhi emhando iyi nderekuti:
- a. Inofanirwa kuvhura INWARDS
- b. Inofanirwa kuisa hinges nekuti inorema.
Iye zvino ndiyo nyaya yenguva dzose magonhi. Zvakadini nemamwe magonhi semagonhi anoshandiswa kutakura mikwende, kutakura zvinhu, uye kubuda kwechimbichimbi?
Kazhinji, ivo vakagadzirirwa pamwe chete musimboti wakafanana - gonhi riri mubvunzo rinoitwa rakakura kupfuura gomba iro rinoitirwa kuvhara. Asi izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko.
Pamagonhi ekutakura uye mikwende ungada kuve nemusuwo unovhurika kunze uye wobva wasimuka nekubuda munzira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti gonhi richiri rakakura kudarika buri rainovhara asi rinopinda mugomba kubva kunze, kwete mukati.
Ukangoita izvozvo, unovhura gaba rose re - sezvatinotaura mumagwaro einjiniya - "whoopass."
Hakuna kudya kwemasikati kwemahara. Iwe haugone kuve negonhi rinovhurika OUTWARD uye gonhi riri nyore, nyore, uye rakachengeteka rakachengetwa mugomba raro nekumanikidza kabhini.
Saka, kana ukanyatso fanirwa kuve nemusuwo wakavhurika OUT, panzvimbo yekuvhura IN, saka uchafanirwa kuita basa rehunyanzvi reinjiniya kuti gonhi iro rishande zvakanaka.
Zvinoreva zvinoshanda zvakavimbika uye zvakachengeteka. Iwe haugone kucheka makona pano.
In 1974 imwe Turkish Air DC-10 yakadonha kunze kweParis nokuda kwegonhi remitoro yaro raibuda kunze.
Iko kukonzeresa kukurumidza kudzikira kwakakonzera kuti kabhini pasi muDC-10 iite buckle (kumanikidza kwemhepo mukamuri yevatyairi kwakave kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kudzvanywa muchikamu chekutakura zvinhu pazasi payo).
Pakavharika pasi, yaidimbura uye yakaganhura tambo dzekudzora dzinomhanya kubva pazvidzoro zvemutyairi kuenda kunzvimbo dzekudzora, zvichiita kuti ndege isadzoreke. Vanhu mazana matatu nemakumi mana nevatanhatu vakafa nekuda kweizvi.
Magonhi ekutakura zvinhu paMcDonnell Douglas DC-10 aive achivhurika kunze, kuitira kufambisa kurodha.
Dzaichengetwa dzakabatanidzwa nefuselage mukubhururuka ne "minwe" yakawanda yaitenderera kunze uye ichibva yabata pamusoro pefuselage yemukati. Kurongeka kwacho kwaive kwakafanana nemakonhi mangani evharuti yebhangi akachengetedzwa - ane mapini anorema, akaomarara anotarisana nemukati mekuvhura.
Kunze kwemuDC-10 mapini aisamborema kana kuomarara (indege, shure kwezvose).
Vabati vemikwende vaifanira kuvhara uye kuchengetedza gonhi nekutenderedza mubato kunze uko kwakamanikidza mapini kunze uye kukiya musuwo kune fuselage.
Nekudaro, iyo nzira yese yekuita izvozvo yaive isina kuvakwa uye isina-yakagadzirwa nemhedzisiro yekuti mutakuri wemukwende akasimba (haasi iwo ese here?) anogona kumanikidza chibatiso panzvimbo pasina mapini akanyatsobatanidzwa.
McDonnell Douglas yaive kambani inozivikanwa kuve inofarira zvakanyanya muchikamu chemari chekuvaka ndege dzekutengesa uye hapana inozivikanwa kushandisa yakawanda painjiniya kupfuura yaikwanisa kurongeka nekudzoka mukudyara (ROI). MD neBoeing vakabatanidzwa muna 1996.
Ndege dzekutengesa dzinodiwa kuti dzive nenhamba dzekubuda nechimbichimbi dziripo kuti mufambi abude.
Aya ekubuda anowanzo kuwedzera kune akajairwa kabhini mikova.
Kare, magonhi ekubuda kwechimbichimbi akagadzirwa achishandisa imwecheteyo "plug mugomba" musimboti semagonhi makuru ekamba. Mune mamwe mazwi, magonhi ekubuda nechimbichimbi haana kukwanisa kuvhurwa nekubhururuka sezvo rimwe nerimwe raive nemapaundi zviuru gumi zvemhepo yakaibata yakabatirira mugomba rayo refuselage.
Izvi zvakagadzira mamwe matambudziko, zvisinei.
Yekutanga yaive yekuti magonhi ekubuda nechimbichimbi aive asiri magonhi pakutanga.
Aive maplug chete. Vakanga vasina mahinji okuvhiya. Vaingo "namira" mugomba uye, kana mhepo yakabvumira (kureva pasi) inogona kubudiswa nyore nyore kubva mumakomba avo.
Zviri nyore ishoko rinoenderana.
Sezvandakataura kuti vakanga vachiri kufanira kudzosa zviuru gumi zvemapaunzi echisimba pakubhururuka. Zvaireva kuti vaive nenyama. Uye zvinorema. Saka munhu aidzibudisa aifanira kunge akasimba zvine mutsindo. Uye dzaisagona kuva dzakakura zvokuti kunyange munhu akasimba aisagona kudzibudisa. Chechipiri, nekuti dzaikwana kubva mukati, dzaingokwanisa kupinda mukati.
Akangobviswa munhu akavabvisa aitofanira kuvapinza mundege, kwavaigona kupa chipingamupinyi chekubuda. Kana kuti aitofanira kudzitenderedza kuti dzikwane nepaburi radzo - wobva dzadzibuditsa panze.
Muchiitiko chekukurumidzira, zvakaonekwa kuti izvi hazvingaite kuti zviitwe nemazvo. Saka chisarudzo chakaitwa
- a) Ita kuti mikova iwedzere
- b) Hinge magonhi
Izvi zvaireva kuti magonhi aifanira kuvhurika nekunze, kwete nemukati. Izvi zvaireva kuti vaizofanira kuvharirwa mumakomba avo nekumira uye tambo, sengemusuwo weDC-10, kwete kudzorwa nemhepo sezvaiitwa.
Zviri nyore zvakava zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Zvakabva zvadhura. Iri rakanga risiri basa reinjiniya mudiki.
Uye ndinovimba, hapana junior engineer akapihwa basa rekuigadzira.
Uye ndinovimba, hazvina kuitwa pane zvakachipa.
Ndiyo nhoroondo.
Uye, zvinosuruvarisa, nhoroondo inotitaurira kuti kudzidzira nhasi ndiko kuzviita pane zvakachipa. Kusanganisira iyo yakachipa (kureva ishoma hunyanzvi) basa rinogoneka.
Zvino ngatipinde mutsaona.
Nhamba inodiwa yemagonhi ekubuda nechimbichimbi kana kuvhurika ibasa rekuti vangani vafambi vendege irikuda kurovera mucabin. Zviri nyore, kana vakwiri vachiwanda ndiko kuwedzera kwenhamba inodiwa yemasuo. Mafuselage endege anogadzirwa kuti agare nenhamba yakawanda yemagonhi.
Kana mamwe emagonhi ekubuda nechimbichimbi asingakodzeri nekuda kwekushomeka kwevatyairi saka mazaru e "ekuwedzera" magonhi mufuselage akafukidzwa neanonzi "mapulagi emusuwo."
Aya mapulagi anonamira kune fuselage senge gonhi chairo raizoitwa uye anotopihwa zvigadziro senge madiki mahinji anobvumira mapulagi "kuvhurwa" nyore kana zvichidikanwa.
Hazvina kujeka kuti sei sarudzo yekuita kuti mapulagi ave nyore kuvhura (uye kubvisa) vs. kungoaita nekukurumidza uye zvachose.
Sezvingabvira, izvi zvakaitwa kurerutsa mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa pamwe nekuita kuti zvive nyore kushandura kubva pamusuwo wepuragi kuenda kumusuwo chaiwo kana zvichidikanwa mune ramangwana.
Kazhinji mapulagi emusuwo anobatwa mufuselage achipikisana ne12 "stop pads" ayo anogadzirwa nealuminium fittings.
Kune yega yega yekumira pad yakasungirirwa kune fuselage, pane yekumisa padhi padhoo plug. Iro gonhi plug yekumisa pads inogara MUKATI pegonhi rekumisa mapedhi.
Izvi zvakakosha. Nekuti mapedhi epagonhi ari mukati memusuwo wefuremu mapedhi, kana kabhini ikamanikidzwa mapedhi anodzvanyirirana. Muchokwadi, pakumanikidza kuzere, kune anopfuura zviuru gumi mapaundi papuragi yemusuwo - yakaenzana neTeslas matatu kudzvanya pasi.
Pano unogona kuona kuti zvinoshanda sei. Iyo pink ndiyo fuselage yekunze ye 737. Yero ndiyo zvikamu zve plug yegonhi pachayo. Kunyanya iyo "inomira."
Iwo masilinda matema ndiwo mapini epakati (zvimwe pane aya gare gare) anoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvese zvakaenderana. Iwo mapini edowel uye haana basa rekuita kunze kwekuona kuti zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoramba zvakabatana, kunyanya kana ndege isina kumanikidzwa.
Kana ndege yamanikidzwa kudzvanyirirwa kusiyanisa pakati pemhepo iri mukati mekabhini nemhepo iri kunze kunoburitsa simba rakakura richisunda zvimiso kune mumwe nemumwe.
Mapini epakati anoratidzwa sematema mudhayagiramu yechirongwa ari nyore kuona sezvinhu zvakatenderedzwa zvesirivha zviri pamufananidzo uyu.
Zvakare, mukubhururuka, zvimedu zvinotsikirirwa pamwe chete nesimba guru (zviuru gumi zvemapaunzi zvakagoverwa pamusoro pezvimbo gumi nembiri) uye mapini epakati haafanirwe kuchengetedza zvinhu pamwechete.
Izvo chete kana ndege isina kudzvanywa kuti mapini anobatsira kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakabatana uye munzvimbo.
Rangarira kuti mapuragi emusuwo akagadzirwa kuti ave nyore kuvhura uye kubvisa kana zvichidikanwa.
Kubvisa gonhi kunoreva kungorifambisa UPWARDS zvishoma ("kududzira" muinjiniya kutaura) kuitira kuti mapedhi ekumira ajekese mumwe.
Izvi zvinofambiswa nemahinji uye ekutungamira rollers aripo chete kuti zvive nyore kuvhura uye kubvisa plug yemusuwo kana uchida.
Kazhinji, mahinji aya nemagirodhi ekutungamira haaizoshandiswa kana ndege iri mubasa rekutengesa.
Uye ivo havakoshese kuchengetedza gonhi munzvimbo panguva yekubhururuka. Ndizvo zvakaita mapini epakati.
Kungoshandiswa chete kwemagonhi egwara remagonhi uye mahinji akasarudzika ari pazasi pegonhi inguva yekugadzirisa kana ndege iri kushandurwa kuti itsive mapulagi egonhi nemagonhi chaiwo.
Heino hurongwa hwekuti unoshanda sei (kuvhura uye/kana kubvisa plug yegonhi) Yero ndiyo plug yemusuwo uye pink ndiyo fuselage yakaitenderedza. Izvozvi zvakanakira kana iwe UNODA kubvisa musuwo ...
Asi kwete zvakanyanya kana iwe UNODA kuti musuwo "uvhure."
Inofanirwa kushanda sei kana iwe usingade kuvhura plug yemusuwo? Paunenge uchida kuti irambe yakanyatsobatanidzwa nendege kunyangwe ichida kuramba makirogiramu zviuru gumi zvesimba kuedza kuifuridza kunze?
Chekutanga i "upper guide roller."
Ichi chikamu chefuremu chinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa plug yemusuwo panzvimbo.
Iyo plug yegonhi "yakadonhedzwa" mugwaro iri kubva kumusoro, rinofambiswa nekuturikira (kutakurika kumusoro uye pasi) hinges pazasi.
Cherechedza iyi tsanangudzo ye "upper guide roller" zvikamu. Pane notch pazasi pefitting muplug yegonhi.
Izvi zvinobvumira pini yemutungamiri kubuda kunze kwekukodzera kana gonhi rasimudzwa.
Uye bhaudhi kuburikidza nekukodzera iyo isingatenderi izvo kuti zviitike zvakajairika.
Panguva yegungano, plug yegonhi inovharwa uchishandisa mahinji madiki pazasi (FYI gonhi rekubuda chairo munzvimbo ino rakasungirirwa kumusoro, kwete pasi, uchishandisa hinge hombe).
Uye wobva wadonhera pane roller kuburikidza notch. Ipapo bhaudhi rinoiswa kuti richengetedze.
Nekudaro, mabhaudhi madiki maviri chete ekuchengetedza plug yegonhi mumarori epamusoro ekutungamira angadai asina kukwana.
Saka imwe neimwe yemapadhi ekumira kwegonhi akaiswawo nemhando yebhaudhi - kuichengeta iri panzvimbo.
Ini handisi kuwana zita rezvigadziriso izvi saka ndinongozvidaidza kuti "centering pini."
Kuti plug yemusuwo mundege yeAlaska Air ive yasiya ndege yaifanira kusimuka isati yabuda.
Asi yaisafanira kunge yakakwanisa kusimuka. Mapini epakati aifanira kunge akadzivirira chero kufamba kwepamusoro.
Inofanira kunge yakamiswa nebhaudhi murori repamusoro uye/kana mapini epakati.
Yakanga isiri nekuti muna Ndira 6, 2024 izvi:
Isu tinoziva kuti ma stop pads pachawo aive asina kukuvara. Havana kukundikana.
Iyo chete nzira iyo plug yegonhi yaigona kubuda nayo ndeye kana mapadhi ayo ekumira akatadza (inoda kutsvaga iyo plug!) KANA kana ikafamba kumusoro nekubuda.
Tichifunga kuti dhizaini iyi ine makumi emakore ekare uye yakapa basa-risina dambudziko mumakumi emakore iwayo, hazvigoneke kuti izvi mhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwekugadzira.
Tsananguro inonyanya kuitika, panguva ino, ndeyekuti mapini epakati anodiwa kuti zvese zvibatanidzwe zvakakundikana kune vamwe chikonzero chisati chatsanangurwa.
Kana kuti dzakaiswa zvisirizvo pafekitari pakagadzirwa ndege (ndege yacho yaingova nemavhiki gumi chete panguva yetsaona).
Kana kuti havana kumboiswa pekutanga.
Kusvirwa Mibvunzo
- A. Sezvo magadzirirwo aya ane makumi emakore ekare uye haasati ambopa rudzi urwu rwedambudziko, uku kwaive kukanganisa kugadzira mundege imwe chete iyi (kureva kushaikwa mapini epakati)?
- B. Sei uchiita kuti puragi yegonhi ive nyore kubvisa maringe neinogarisa fuselage attachment?
Gregory Travis inyanzvi yezvendege uye akapa chinyorwa ichi.
