Bordeaux Waini: Pivot kubva kuvanhu kuenda kuvhu

Waini yakagadzirwa munzvimbo yewaini yeBordeaux kubvira pakagara vaRoma munzvimbo iyi (60 BC). VaRoma ndivo vakatanga kudyara minda yemizambiringa (inogona kuwanikwa kubva kuRioja, Spain) uye kugadzira waini munzvimbo iyi. Kunyangwe pakutanga kwezana ramakore rekutanga AD, mazambiringa edunhu akakosheswa uye akagoverwa kuvarwi veRoma, uye vagari vemuGaul neBritain. MuPompeii, zvimedu zveAmphorae zvakawanikwa zvichitaura nezveBordeaux. Nzvimbo iyi yaive yakanakira kurima mazambiringa ewaini kusanganisira iyo yakasarudzika musanganiswa wevhu rakakodzera, mamiriro ekunze emugungwa, uye nyore kupinda muRwizi rweGaronne rwaidiwa kuendesa waini kunzvimbo dzeRoma.

Muna 1152, mugari wenhaka yeDuchy yeAquitaine, Eleanor weAquitaine, akaroora mambo wenguva yemberi weEngland, Henry Plantagenet, akazozivikanwa saMambo Henry 11. Pakupera kwema1300, Bordeaux yakanga yava guta guru uye nezana remakore rechi14 Bordeaux wines. zvakatumirwa kuEngland kubva kuSt. Emilion nokuda kwekunakidzwa kwaMambo Edward I.

Richard the Lionheart, mwanakomana waEleanor naHenry II, akagadzira Bordeaux waini chinwiwa chake chemazuva ese uye, veruzhinji vanotenga waini vakabvuma kuwana kuti - kana yaive yakanaka zvakakwana kuna Mambo, yaive yakanaka kune vese vakavimbika vanoda waini yeBritish.

Dutch Advances muBordeaux

VaDutch vaivawo vanoda waini yeBordeaux; zvisinei, vaive nehanya neakanakisa kukosha waini yeBordeaux appellation uye iyi yaive dambudziko nekuti maDutch aida waini yavo kuti iunzwe nekukurumidza vasati vashatisa. Vaida waini yemutengo wakaderera uye waini idzi dzakaparara nekukurumidza saka vakafunga zano rekupisa sarufa mumadhiramu, zvichibatsira kugona kwewaini kugara uye kuchembera. MaDutch anotendwawo nepfungwa yekubvisa machakwi nemachakwi, zvichibvumira kukurumidza kutakurwa kwewaini yavo yeBordeaux uye kuita kuti imwe nzvimbo yemunda wemizambiringa ivepo uye nekudaro vachiwedzera huwandu hwewaini yeBordeaux.

Tarisa pane Terroir

Apo patinonakidzwa negirazi rewaini, hazviwanzoitiki kwatiri kuti kugadzira waini kunobva pavhu, mazambiringa, mamiriro okunze, uye kunyange zvazvo waini yakaitwa murabhoritari, girazi rakanaka chaizvo rewaini rinotsamira pamurimi uye vagadziri vewaini/masayendisiti vanotora mazambiringa uye, vanenge sevanoongorora makemikari, vanoshandura bheri duku kuita magirazi ewaini tsvuku, chena, rose, uye inopenya.

Viticulture ndiyo Agri-bhizinesi

Viticulture ishoko rakakura rinosanganisira kurima, kuchengetedza, uye kukohwewa kwemazambiringa uko mavhisi ari kunze. Enology ndiyo sainzi inobata newaini nekugadzira waini, kusanganisira kuviriswa kwemazambiringa muwaini uye kazhinji inovharirwa mumba. Munda wemizambiringa munda wemizambiringa inobereka mazambiringa anorimwa kugadzira waini, mazambiringa akaomeswa, mazambiringa epatafura uye muto wemazambiringa usinganwi doro.

Viticulture yakasangana nekukura kwepamusoro pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekurima maererano neacreage uye kukosha mukati memakore makumi matatu apfuura uye parizvino ibhizinesi repasi rose remabhiriyoni emadhora.

Kukura kunokonzerwa ne:

1. kuwedzera kwekutengeserana kwenyika dzakawanda

2. yakavandudzwa mari yepasi rose

3. kuchinja mitemo

4. hutsva hwetekinoroji mukugadzira, kuchengetedza, uye kufambisa

5. by-chigadzirwa kugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kunotungamirira mukuvandudzwa kwezvitsva uye zvigadzirwa zvine utano, zvakasanganiswa nekuziva kukuru kwehutano hwehutano hwezvokudya zvakapfuma mune antioxidants semazambiringa.

Kubudirira

Kurimwa kwemazambiringa ewaini ndeimwe yenzira dzinobhadhara zvakanyanya uye dzakakosha mutsika pasi rose. Bhizinesi rewaini rekurima rakavambwa pamusoro penharaunda-yemamiriro ekunze-kurima rapports uye iko zvino kune kushushikana kuri kukura kwekuti kudziya kwepasi kunogona kuumbazve matunhu aya, kuasundidzira kunzvimbo dzakakwirira nepamusoro kutsvaga tembiricha inotonhorera.

Mbeu (cultivars) imhando dzezvirimwa zvakarimwa nekurerwa nekupindira kwevanhu. Zvinosikwa apo vanhu vanotora mhando dzemiti vodziberekesa kune hunhu chaihwo (kureva, kuravira, ruvara, kuramba tumbuyu). Chirimwa chitsva ichi chinokura kubva padzinde rekucheka, kubatanidza kana matishu tsika. Chirimwa chinoberekwa zvine chinangwa kusvikira hunhu hunodiwa hwave hwakasimba uye hunoonekwa.

Mhando yakasiyana-siyana ishanduro yechirimwa inoitika zvakasikwa uye inokura kubva kumbeu - ine maitiro akafanana nemubereki wechirimwa.

Mhando dzemazambiringa dzinosanganisira mazambiringa akarimwa uye anoreva ma cultivars kwete chaiwo ma botanical marudzi zvinoenderana neInternational Code of Nomenclature for Cultivate Plants nekuti anoparadzirwa nekucheka uye mazhinji ane hunhu hwekubereka husina kugadzikana.

Macultivars uye zvakasiyana-siyana

Chaiyo waini mazambiringa cultivars imwe neimwe ine optimum tembiricha siyana mukati mavanogona nekuvimbika kuburitsa emhando yepamusoro waini inogamuchirwa nekutengesa. Sezvo mamiriro ekunze edunhu achidziya kunze kwenzvimbo dzakanyanya kunaka, mhando yewaini inogona kudzikira. Kuti dunhu rirarame rinofanira kuchinjika, zvichida nekushandura manejimendi ekuchengetedza mhando yemichero newaini uye/kana kushandura macultivar kune ayo anonyatsoenderana nemamiriro ekunze matsva anodziya.

Global Warming Industry Disaster

Kugovaniswa kukuru kwenzvimbo dzinorimwa waini kunogona kuve njodzi kune dzakawanda hupfumi hwematunhu. Kunyangwe kuchinja cultivars kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya sezvo vachiunza musiyano wewaini inotsanangura kuzivikanwa kwedunhu.

Optimum tembiricha range inoganhurwa nechepazasi pechikumbaridzo chinodiwa kuti muchero uibve uye chepamusoro chinogona kukonzera kuibva zvakanyanya (kana kukuvadzwa). Muchero wakaibva unofanirwa kusanganisira huwandu hwakakwana hweshuga (inoshandurwa kuita doro kuburikidza nekuvirisa) uye yechipiri metabolites inobatsira kune waini sensory profile (kureva, ruvara, aromatics, flavour, mouthfeel). Chinonetsa ndechekuti tembiricha yepamusoro inogona kukanganisa kuumbwa kwemichero uye kunaka kwewaini. Mumakore ekuma1980 huwandu hweshuga hwakatanga kuwedzera zvakanyanya uye hwakaenderera mberi.

Kunyange zvazvo nhau ichiwana kuti nharaunda yeBordeaux, kwemazana emakore, yakanga ine musanganiswa wakarurama wemamiriro okunze akakodzera, kurima, kugadzira uye kutengeserana kuti ibudise waini yakaisvonaka, kune vamwe vakasarudza kuti, “inzvimbo yakanaka yewaini nokuti yakaedza kuva. ” (Hugh Johnson, Vintage: Nyaya yeWaini). 

Bordeaux inogadzira chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chewaini yemhando yepamusoro yeFrance uye inogadzirwa kubva musanganiswa weMerlot, Cabernet Sauvignon neCabernet Franc. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunopesvedzera kunaka kwewaini uye kazhinji kunoteya matunhu anorimwa waini pasi rese. Mamiriro ekunze akanaka ekurima mazambiringa anogona kugadzirwa muwaini yemhando yepamusoro anoratidza kunyorova, kunyoro kusvika kuchando chechando, kuchiteverwa nezvitubu zvinodziya zvobva zvadziya kusvika kunopisa kuine mvura shoma.

Sezvineiwo kuBordeaux, masayendisiti akafunga kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze mudunhu reBordeaux muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi20 yaive yakanaka pakugadzirwa kwewaini yemhando yepamusoro; zvisinei, mamiriro ekunze achangoburwa uye mamiriro ekunze haana kubatsira pakugadzira waini pamwe nekukuvadza kune chikamu chekurima kunofungidzirwa kudarika US $ 16 bhiriyoni pamwe nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu chekurasikirwa kunoitika muFrance.

Varimi vewaini yeBordeaux vari kutarisana nemitengo yekujairana nemamiriro ekunze ekudziya uye vari kuongorora kufambira mberi mune genetics, kuberekesa, uye kugadzirisa kwemunda wemizambiringa kubatsira kudzikisira zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kuwedzera kune chirongwa chekuberekesa chiri kutarisa kugadzira mashizha emuzambiringa asingadziviriri kupisa. . Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekurima kunosanganisira:

1. Kuderedza kudhonza kwemashizha kudzivirira masumbu kubva mukupiswa nezuva

2. Kukohwa usiku

3. Kunonoka kuchekerera miti

4. Kuwedzera hunde yemuzambiringa kureba

5. Kuderedza kusimba kwemiti

6. Kuwedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana nekuisa mikoko yenyuchi

7. Kugadzira mubatanidzwa neLigue de Protection des Oiseaux kudzivirira shiri uye kukurudzira zviremwaremwa kuti zvidye tsikidzi nezvimwe zvipembenene mumunda wemizambiringa, kuderedza kudiwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene.

8. Kukurudzira Haute Valeur Environmentale (High Environmental Value) yeHVE uko ndeapi masisitimu eminda yemizambiringa anopihwa zvitupa zvinosanganisira kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura nefetereza, kuchengetedza mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzekudzivirira chirimwa.

Iyi nhevedzano yakanangana neBordeaux waini.

Verenga Chikamu 1 Pano:  Bordeaux Wines: Yakatanga neuranda

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori

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