Brain-afa mudzidzi mushanyi: Mushanyi ane mhosva here?

Muchinyorwa chesvondo rino, tinokurukura nyaya yaChung v. StudentCity.com, Inc., 2017 US App. LEXIS 6460 (1st Cir. 2017) umo mudzidzi wepachikoro chesekondari akakumbirwa nemudzidzi wekushanyira vashanyi kuti anyorese pasuru yezororo rekupedza kudzidza kuCancun neimwe nzendo yekunyoka. “Rwendo rwekusvusvudzira nenyoka rwakava nemagumo anosuruvarisa: Nyeredzi yeGungwa yakarova coral reef ndokutanga kutora mvura, asi vashandi vengarava havana kupa rubatsiro kuvakwiri (zvechokwadi, vamwe vashandi vakasiya ngarava). Vachiita vari vega, Lisa naLoren vakapfeka zvinochengetedza hupenyu uye vakaedza kusvika pakachengeteka nekutora tambo yaienda pakati peGungwa nechikepe chidiki chakavanzika. Kuedza kwavo kwakakundikana uye vakadhonzwa pasi pemvura. Loren akakuvara zvakakomba, asi akapona; Lisa akanzi uropi hwafa muchipatara ndokufa (nguva pfupi pashure pacho)”. Ona nhaurirano yedu yenjodzi dzezvirongwa zvekushanyira vadzidzi muKufamba Mutemo paChikamu 5.04[4][I] uye Dickerson & Roman, Kupa Zvirongwa Zvekufamba Kwevadzidzi: Risky Business, New York Law Journal, Kukadzi 19, 2016, p. 4.

Zvinotyisa Zvinotarisirwa Kuvandudza

Manchester, England

MuCallimachi & Schmitt, Manchester Bomber Yakasangana NeISIS Unit muLibya, Vakuru Vanoti, nytomes.com (6/3/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Mubhomba akauraya vanhu makumi maviri nevaviri pamutambo wepop muManchester, England, mwedzi wapfuura akasangana. muLibya nenhengo dzeIslamic State unit yakabatana nekurwiswa kwaNovember 22 kweParis Kwegandanga, sekureva kwevakuru vehungwaru vagara pamudyandigere… mukana wekuti akatungamirwa kana kugoneswa neveIslamic State operative muLibya, achipesana neSyria, zvinoratidza kuti kunyangwe boka reboka reMiddle East riri kudzikira, imwe yenzvimbo dzayo dziri kure iri kugadzira nzira dzekuenderera mberi nekurwiswa mukati meEurope”.

London, England

MuCallimachi * Bennhold, London Attackers Slipped By Zvisinei neAvalanche Yenyevero, nytimes.com (6/6/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "propaganda yeIslamic State yakawanikwa mubhegi remumwe munhu airwisa paaiedza kukwira ndege. muItaly. Mumwe mutauriri weFBI akati akasimudza maalarm nezvemurwi wechipiri makore maviri apfuura. Wechitatu akarwiswa, akanyimwa hupoteri muBritain, akaita sokunge averevedza achibva kuIreland. Zviratidzo zvevapambi vatatu vaive mukombi chena yakapwanya nekubaya nzira yavo nemumusha weLondon ine fashoni yakawira pamhene neChipiri ichiwedzera kumanikidza mapurisa…

Paris, France

MuBreeden & Moreen, Mapurisa Anopfura Attacker Kunze kweNotre-Dame Cathedral muParis, nytimes.com (6/6/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Mupurisa akapfura akakuvadza mhondi yaive nesando nemapanga ekubikira pachivara chekunze. Notre-Dame Cathedral muParis neChipiri masikati".

Manila, Philippines

MuManila kasino anorwisa akaonekwa uye haazi gandanga, travelwirenews.com (6/4/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Mufungidziri ega akakonzeresa kurwiswa kwekasino nenzvimbo yezvitoro muManila aive muPhilippines akapindwa muropa nechikwereti ... pfuti mune inouraya kasino mhirizhonga muPhilippine yakaonekwa pamakamera ekuchengetedza achipfura pfuti yake yeM4 mudenga, achiisa moto uye kupfura mauto ekuchengetedza masitepisi panguva yekurwisa kwakauraya vanhu vanosvika makumi matatu nemasere".

Tehran, Iran

MuErdbrink, Iran Inoti Tehran Assailants Vakanyoreswa Munyika, nytimes.com (6/8/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Varwi vanosvika vashanu mukurwiswa kweTehran kunouraya vakatorwa neIslamic State kubva mukati meIran ... chiratidzo chakasimba. vakanga vari vagari veIran...munhau dzeIranian dzakashuma kuti nhamba yevanhu vakafa yakwira kusvika ku17 vakafa uye 52 vakakuvadzwa”.

Kabul, Afghanistan

MuKabul kufa kwekuputika kwekuputika kunokwira kusvika ku159 sezvo kurwiswa kunouraya kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi, travelwirenews.com (6/6/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "'Vanakomana nevanasikana veAfghan vasina mhosva vanopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu vakaurayiwa uye vanopfuura mazana matatu vakakuvara vakaunzwa kuchipatara nekutsva uye. kudimburwa muviri”.

Musayab, Iraq

MuDaesh vanoti kurwisa kuuraya vanosvika makumi matatu muIraq, travelwirenews.com (30/6/9) zvakaonekwa kuti "Mukadzi akaputika bhandi rake raiputika mumusika kumabvazuva kweguta dzvene reShiite reKerbala neChishanu, kuuraya vanosvika makumi matatu. uye kukuvadza makumi matatu neshanu, masosi ekuchengetedza eIraq akadaro ”.

Mogadishu, Somalia

Vanosvika makumi manomwe vakafa mual-Shabab vakarwiswa pamuzinda wemauto weSomalia, travelwirenews.com (70/6/8) zvakaonekwa kuti "vapanduki veAl-Shabab vakapakata zvombo varwisa muzinda wemauto mudunhu reSomalia rePuntland, vachiuraya pedyo ne Vanhu makumi manomwe…

Kenya Inonetsa Yambiro Yekufamba

MuKenya inopa yambiro yekufamba kuSouth Africa, travelwirenews.com (5/8/2017) zvakacherechedzwa kuti "Kenya yakapa yambiro yekufamba ichipokana neSouth Africa, ichitaura nezvekuwedzera kuri kuita hutsotsi mudanho rinogona kumutsa mhirizhonga. kurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika mushure memwedzi miviri mushure mekunge nyika mbiri dzagadzirisa kusawirirana kwevhiza kwenguva refu. Muchiziviso chekuchengetedza chakatumirwa kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende kubva kuPretoria, Mukuru wezvekune dzimwe nyika muKenya…ayambira nezvekuwedzera kwenyaya dzemakororo ane pfuti, kuba motokari, kuba, kupaza, kupamba, kubatwa chibharo uye kuba”.

Hacking Attacks

MuScott & Wingfield, Hacking Attack Iine Nyanzvi dzeChengetedzo Dzinotsvanzvadzira Kuti Ive ne Fallout, nytimes.com (5/13/2017) zvakacherechedzwa kuti "Kuedza kwepasirese kwakauya pasati papfuura zuva mushure mesoftware yakaipa, yakatumirwa neemail uye yakabiwa kubva kuNyika. Security Agency, yakanangana nekusagadzikana mumakomputa masisitimu munyika dzinosvika zana mune imwe yekurwisa kukuru kwe 'ransomeware' pane rekodhi. Vapanduki vepa cyber vakatora makomputa, vakaisa ruzivo paari uye ndokuda kubhadharwa kwemadhora mazana matatu kana kupfuura kubva kuvashandisi kuti vavhure michina iyi".

Hotels Uye Data Kutyora

MuSoloway & Mohler, Kuongorora Rick kuHotera muZera reData Breaches, New York Law Journal (5/9/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Indasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi haina kuregererwa kubva mukusangana nekutyorwa kwakadaro uye chokwadi akati wandei zviitiko zvinoshambadzirwa zvakanyanya zvinosanganisira mamwe emahotera makuru pasi rose. Masvondo mashoma apfuura, Intercontinental Hotels Group (IHG) yakazivisa kuti yakanga yatyorwa nedata panzvimbo dzakawanda dzeIHG-branded franchise hotel kuUnited States nePuerto Rico mukupera kwa2016. Izvi zvinouya mushure mekuburitswa kweIHG muna Kukadzi yeimwe malware kurwisa kufumura data revatengi ku12 US IHG-inotungamirwa mahotera. IHG haisi yega, seWyndham Worldwide, Hard Rock Hotels, Omni Hotels & Resorts neHilton Hotels, pakati pevamwe, vese vakataurwa pachena sevakabatwa necyber-attacks uye zvakakonzera kutyora data ”.

Bhazi Tsaona muVietnam

Mukudhumhana kweTrori-bhazi pakati peVietnam inouraya gumi nevaviri, travelwirenews.com (12/5/7) zvakaonekwa kuti "Rori yakadhumhana nebhazi raitakura vanhu pakati peVietnam ichiuraya vanhu gumi nevaviri nekukuvadza makumi matatu nevatatu ... Bepanhau rakataura nemapurisa achiti ongororo yekutanga yakaratidza kuti rori yaimhanya 2017km paawa ichibva yayambuka mugwagwa webhazi. Tsaona dzemumugwagwa dzakauraya vanhu 12 muVietnam gore rapfuura.

Tsaona Yebhazi MuTanzania

Mune tsaona yebhazi yeGrisly inouraya vana vechikoro makumi matatu nevaviri kuchamhembe kweTanzania, www.eturbonews.com (5/7/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti “Kuchengetedzeka kwebhazi kwave kunetsa muTanzania. Kunyanya munyika inovimba nekushanya kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika, kuchengetedzwa kunofanira kunge kuri pamusoro pechirongwa. Tanzania iri pakati penyika dzemuAfrica dzinowanzoita tsaona nehuwori uko vanhu vanodarika zviuru zvitatu vanofa nekukoromoka kwemigwagwa nguva zhinji…Vana makumi matatu nevaviri vakafa Mugovera mangwanani mushure mekunge bhazi ravaienda rakadonhera mugoronga kuchamhembe kweTanzania kuArusha”.

Madhaka Anoyerera MuSri Lanka

MuMudslides, mafashamo anouraya vanopfuura mazana maviri muSri Lanka, travelwirenews.com (200/5/31) zvakataurwa kuti "Disaster Management Center yakati vanhu mazana matatu vakasimbiswa vakafa. Vanopfuura zviuru makumi manomwe nenomwe vakatamiswa uye dzimba dzinopfuura chiuru nemazana mashanu dzakaparadzwa kubva mvura yakatanga kunaya kumaodzanyemba nekumadokero kwechitsuwa cheIndia Ocean neChishanu chapfuura.

Lithium-Ion Bhatiri Moto PaJetBlue

MuZhang, Moto uri mundege yeJetBlue unofumura chikonzero nei kurambidzwa kwelaptop kwaTrump kungave nengozi, businessinsider.com (6/1/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "NeChipiri, JetBlue Flight 915 kubva kuNew York's (JFK) Airport kuenda kuSan Francisco. yakadzoserwa kuMichigan mushure mekunge bhatiri relithium-ion mumudziyo webhegi remutyairi rakonzera moto…Maererano nekambani yendege, sarudzo yekutsauka yakaitwa mushure me'shumo dzehutsi hunobuda mubhegi rinenge rakabata mudziyo wemagetsi'. Zvisinei, vakuru vepanhandare yendege vanoti moto waiva mundege wakanga wadzima panguva yainge yamhara ndege”.

United Airlines: Hezvo Iwe Unoenda zvakare

MuWoman Flies pamusoro pe4,000km munzira isiriyo muUA flight, travelwirenews.com (5/7/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti “Ndege yakadana chiitiko ichi, iyo yakangogadzirisa zvakavanzika; kumatare edzimhosva, 'kutadza kunotyisa'…Mukadzi anotaura chiFrench akabhururuka zvinopfuura zviuru zvina nemazana masere ezviuru, achienda kwaakananga kuU. Lucie Bahetoukilae, asingatauri Chirungu, aifanirwa kuenda kuParis achibva kuNewark… Pamwe chete, anoti anga afamba kwemaawa makumi maviri nemasere”.

Airbnb Hosts Kuramba Yakaremara

MuChokshi & Benner, Airbnb Hosts Zvimwe Zvingangoramba Kuramba Vakaremara, Chidzidzo Chinowanikwa, nytimes.com (6/2/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Vamwe vashandisi vakataura kusarura kwakafanana, uye itsva Rutgers University yekudzidza-yakavakirwa pane zvimwe. kupfuura 3,800 Airbnb zvikumbiro zvepekugara zvakatumirwa nevatsvakurudzi-zvinoratidza kuti zvingave zvakajairika: Vafambi vakaremara vanowanzorambwa uye kashoma kuti vagamuchire mvumo, kana mvumo yechinguvana, kuti vagare, vanyori vakawana. Vabati vakapa mvumo ku75 muzana yevafambi vasina kutaura nezvehurema, maererano neongororo. Huwandu uhu hwakadzika kusvika pazvikamu makumi matanhatu nechimwe kubva muzana kune avo vaiti vane dwarfism, 61 muzana kune avo vane hupofu, 50 muzana kune avo vane cerebral palsy uye 43 muzana kune avo vakakuvara muzongoza”.

Hotels Uye Vabiki Vakakurumbira

MuBernstein & Garcia, Co-branding a Boutique Hotel and Restaurant With ane Celebrity Chef, New York Law Journal (5/8/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti “Nekufarirwa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kweChikafu Network uye nevatengi vanonzwisisa iyo yakagadzira, iyo indasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi yakaona shanduko inoshamisa mukukosha kwemasiginecha ayo maresitorendi, kunyanya mumaguta uye mahotera boutique mahotera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, basa revabiki vane mukurumbira uye maresitorendi anosaina chave chinhu chakakosha chehotera chero ipi zvayo yakabudirira yemhando yepamusoro…Kuvaridzi vehotera dzezvitoro nevemaresitorendi nevagadziri, pane zvakawanda zvakanaka zvekubatanidza mabhizinesi avo nemubiki anogona kubatsira. gadzira hwaro hwevatengi vebhizinesi ravo…Kunyange kudyara kwakadaro kuchigona kuguma nemubairo wakakura, kuchengetedza mari yavo varidzi vemabhizinesi vane ruzivo vanozoita chokwadi chekusanganisira zvinonzwisisika uye zvinotemerwa zvisiri zvekukwikwidzana”.

Drones Yakasunungurwa

Mune maDrones ega haachadi kunyoreswa neFAA, US federal court mitemo, travelwirenews.com (5/20/2017) zvakacherechedzwa kuti "Dare redzimhosva remubatanidzwa rakapfura mutemo waizoda kuti drones dzisiri dzekutengesa dzinyoreswe. , chisarudzo icho vatsoropodzi vanoti chichaita kuti denga risachengeteke. NeChishanu, Dare Rekukwidzwa reUS kuDunhu reColumbia rakapa mutongo wakatsigira John Taylor, mudiki anofarira ndege (UAS), akatanga kuunza nyaya yaipokana ne (FAA) muna 2016 ″.

Zhizha ReGehena

MuMcGeehan, Amtrak Riders Kugovera muPenn Station's 'Zhizha reGehena', nytimes.com (5/30/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Amtrak nevatengi vayo vachagovana mamwe ematambudziko nevafambi veNew York City mukati memavhiki akati wandei Kukanganisa kugadzirisa basa paPennsylvania Station zhizha rino, maererano nehurongwa hwakagadziridzwa vakuru veAmtrak vakagadzira. Pakati peshanduko dzakaziviswa neAmtrak neChipiri kwaive kudzimwa kwezvitima zvitatu zvemazuva ese munzira imwe neimwe pakati pePenn Station neUnion Station muWashington. Pamusoro pezvo, zvitima zvina zvezuva nezuva pakati pePenn Station neHarrisburg, Ps., zvichatanga nekupedza kumhanya kwazvo muPhiladelphia kana Newark…Mushure mematambudziko mazhinji paPenn Station, kusanganisira madhaka maviri, Amtrak yakazivisa mavhiki mashoma apfuura kuti yakanga yafunga kuita. kukurumidzira kugadzirisa kunozotora ma track kunze kwekushandiswa kwenguva yakareba. "

Muchetura Foam MuIndia

Mu 'Chemical Snowfall': Furo rine muchetura rinokonzeresa bongozozo mumugwagwa wakabatikana weBangalore, travelwirenews.com (5/29/2017) zvakaonekwa kuti "Vafambi muIndia vari kumanikidzwa kutyaira nemumatumbu mahombe ehuro hunonhuwa sezvo vakuru venzvimbo vanoedza. kumisa kuyerera kwefuro remakemikari richikunguruka kubva paBangalore's Varthur Lake. Chiitiko ichi, icho chave kudaidzwa kuti 'chemical snowfall', chakaitika mushure memvura yemonsoon isati yarova pamusoro pedhamu rakazara tsvina kuita furo. Mhepo ine simba yakabva yasimudza furo ine muchetura pamusoro pewaya mesh fenzi ichipinda muVarthur Kodi Junction, nzvimbo inobatikana nevafambi, kupera kwesvondo”.

Yekufamba Mutemo Nyaya Yevhiki

Chirongwa Chekushanya Kwevadzidzi

Munyaya yaChung Dare rakaona kuti “Mukupera kwa2007, Lisa Tam Chung (Lisa) naLoren Daly (Loren) vaiva vakuru vechikoro chesekondari muGrand Prairie, Texas. Mumiriri weStudentCity akabata naLoren kuti akurudzire zvinhu zvefemu uye akamuka kuda kuziva nezvekubhuka rwendo rwekupedza kudzidza. Kana vadzidzi vakawanda varatidza kufarira rwendo rwakadai, mumiriri weStudentCity akaita musangano wekupa ruzivo. Mumiriri akavimbisa gungano (kusanganisira vabereki vakati wandei) kuti vashandi veStudentCity vanopinda zviitiko zvese uye kuti vadzidzi vanenge vachitora chikamu havazobvumidzwa kuenda chero vasina kuperekedzwa”.

Kutarisira Kutarisira

"Akagoverawo zvinyorwa zvekusimudzira izvo zvakataurwa muchikamu chakakodzera: (1) StudentCity ichapa '[o] vashandi vesaiti pazviitiko zvese zvakarongwa-kutanga kusvika kupera'; (2) StudentCity 'inoshandisa zviitiko zvose zvakarongwa kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira'; (3) StudentCity inochengetedza 'chiyero chikuru chevashandi-ku-mudzidzi uye vashandi vedu vemaawa makumi maviri nemana varipo kuti vakupe runyararo rwepfungwa rwaunoda'; (24) Vashandi veMudzidzi weGuta vachange varipo 'kuti vavimbise kuti munhu wese ari kuva nenguva yakanaka uye ine mutoro'”.

Zvikomborero Zvemhuri

“Vabereki vaLoren vakasangana nemumiririri weStudentCity ndokuverenga zvinyorwa. Lisa akaendesa zvaimiririrwa neMudzidzi Guta kuvabereki vake, avo vaive nehunyanzvi hwechiRungu. Nechikomborero chemhuri dzose dziri mbiri, vasikana vakatenga mapasuru ezororo erwendo rwaChikumi 2008 kuenda kuCancun, Mexico, vachiwedzera rwendo rwekusnorkeling rwaidiwa”.

Iyo Snorkeling Excursion

"Rwendo rwekusvuta nyoka yakaitika musi waChikumi 7. Vatori vechikamu pavakakwira SS Sea Star, catamaran yaive uye yaishandiswa neServicios Maritimos 7 Acua del Caribe SA de CV (SMA). Mumwe mushandi weMudzidzi weGuta akatakura Lisa naLoren kuenda kuSea Star, ngarava yakatenderwa kutakura vanhu makumi masere nevatatu vevashandi verudzi urwu. Pazuva riri kutaurwa, zvakadaro, yakatakura vanosvika zana nemakumi maviri eVadzidzi veCity vafambi uye vasiri pasi pe120 vanhu vese. Hapana mumiriri weMudzidzi weCity aive pabasa”.

The Investigation

Sezvacherechedzwa rwendo rwekusvuta nyoka rwakaguma nenjodzi apo Nyeredzi yeGungwa yakarova coral reef, yakatora mvura uye yakasiiwa nevamwe vevashandi vakatungamira, pakupedzisira, kukuvara kwakanyanya kwaLoren uye kufa kwaLisa. “Pashure pokuongorora, mukuru wepachiteshi chengarava akagumisa kuti 'kuwanda kwevatakuri muchikepe' kwakakonzera 'kusagadzikana kukuru' uko kungangove kwakakonzera kudhumhana kweSea Star netsanga yekorari. Saizvozvowo, hurumende yeMexico yakati tsaona iyi yakakonzerwa ne 'kusaziva kuwandisa' kwekaputeni uye 'kusaita hanya' kwekaputeni.

Mhosva

“Chiito chehurumende chakatevera. Kunyange zvazvo sutu iyi pakutanga yainge ine kambasi yakakura, chirevo chimwe chete chichiri (chiri kushanda) ndechekuda kufa kwaLisa zvisirizvo-chikumbiro chakaitwa nevabereki vake…Panyaya iyi, StudentCity yakatama kudzinga kana, neimwe nzira, kuti itonge muchidimbu. …Mushure mekuwanikwa zvishoma…dare redunhu rakapa mutongo wepfupi uchitsigira StudentCity...dare rakati 'hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti nhanho dzakatorwa neStudentCity pakusarudza mutengesi wayo wesnorkeling excursion aive asina musoro mumamiriro ezvinhu'…Tinoongorora dare redunhu. Mapato anobvumirana kuti, maererano nesarudzo yemutemo muchibvumirano chevatengi, mutemo weMassachusetts unotonga pano (uye) [u] pasi pemutemo weMassachusetts, rufu rusina kunaka rudzi rwekuregeredza… uye se zvakadaro zvinoda humbowo hwezvinhu zvina: 'kuti mumhan'ari ane chikwereti kumumhan'ari basa rekutarisira zvine musoro, kuti mupomerwi akatyora basa iri, kukuvara kwakavapo, uye kuti pakanga paine hukama pakati pemahombekombe ebasa uye kukanganisa'".

Nyaya Yekukonzeresa

"Pano, nharo huru yevamhan'iri ndeyekuti dare redunhu rakakanganisa pakupa mutongo waro muchidimbu pakusaonekwa kwechikonzero - nyaya isina kupokana neStudentCity kana kuvhurwa kuti iwanikwe ... StudentCity inotaura kuti mapepa ayo ekufambisa akajekesa kuti hapana. iyo kana vamiririri vayo vaive 'chikamu chevaSea Stares crew, uye vaive vasina basa rekukwira vafambi, kuona kuti vafambi vaizoiswa kupi, kufamba nechikepe, kupa midziyo yekuchengetedza muchikepe, kudzora kana kudzikisira nhamba yevafambi, kana neimwe nzira. kuraira vafambi kana Vadzidzi veMudzidzi veCity pamusoro peSea Stares mitemo nemirairo'”.

Mudzidzi Guta Akatora Basa

"Zvisinei, muchirevo chechinyorwa, zvine hungwaru kuti nharo idzi dzakakwidziridzwa kwete zvine chekuita nechero nyaya asi kuti itsigire dzidziso yeMudzidzi weCity yekushaya-basa ... nharo - kushandisa mazwi eMudzidzi weCity-anoenderana ne'basa' uye ' mutoro' rinofanana nerokuti 'basa'…Zvakacherechedzwa mukuita kwayo…kuti '[t]mushandisi wedu akaita seStudentCity haangove ane mhosva yekushomekerwa kwevanopa masevhisi ebato ravo…zvisinei nedzidziso irikuitika'. Chirevo chakafara ichi hachibatsiri kuMudzidzi weGuta, zvisinei, nekuti chinoregeredza chirevo chedare redunhu chekuti, panguva iyi, StudentCity vakazvidira kuita basa rekutarisa. Kana zvangofunga, basa iroro raifanira kuitwa nekuchenjera...Tinogumisa kuti StudentCity haina kumbobvira yataura chikonzero sechikonzero chemutongo wepfupiso (uye) [b]nekuti chikonzero hachina kuiswa munyaya, tinoona mutongo wedare redunhu rekupa mutongo waro. pachikonzero ichocho kuva 'rudzi rwe sua sponte summary judge'.

mhedziso

“Mutongo wepfupiso wedare redunhu hautarisi kuganhurirwa kwemukana wemapato kuti vataure chokwadi…Kuwedzera kukanganisa, vamhan’ari havana chiziviso chekuti nyaya yanga yave kuda kuti itongwe panguva ino yenyaya… zvinodavirwa kuti kutadza kweMudzidzi weCity kutungamira rwendo rwekutsvedza, pamwe nekuregeredza kwemuridzi wengarava, zvakakonzera kufa kwaLisa…Pazvinyorwa zvishoma zviri pamberi pedu, mibvunzo yakawanda ingangovepo yedare redzimhosva iripo. Isu tinosiya mutongo wedare redunhu uye toregedza ”.

Munyori, Thomas A. Dickerson, mubatanidzi Mutongi weAppellate Division, weChipiri Dhipatimendi reNew York State Dare Repamusorosoro uye anga achinyora nezveMutemo weTravel kwemakore makumi mana nerimwe kusanganisira mabhuku ake emitemo anovandudzwa pagore, Mutemo Wekufamba, Law Journal Press. (41), Litigating International Torts muUS Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Kirasi Zviito: Mutemo we2016 States, Law Journal Press (50) uye anopfuura mazana mana ezvinyorwa zvemutemo mazhinji acho anowanikwa ku nycourts.gov/courts/ 2016jd / taxcertatd.shtml. Zvekuwedzera zvemutemo wekufamba nhau uye zviitiko, kunyanya, mune dzimwe nhengo dzeEU munoona IFTTA.org

Ichi chinyorwa hachigone kuburitswa pasina mvumo yaThomas A. Dickerson.

Verenga zvakawanda zve Zvinyorwa zveJustice Dickerson pano.