MaCurrans eGranada Hills anga achitora zororo remhuri paLas Vegas Strip kwemakore. Vakanga vasiri kuda kuzvipfuudza nekuti bhizinesi raJeff Curran rekutengesa upscale cookware rakaderera zvakanyanya.
Asi zhizha rino richava rakangwara Vegas zororo.
Gore rapfuura vakadonhedza $100 imwe neimwe yetikiti reBlue Man Group show kuVenetian. Gore rino, mhuri yevana vana - Jeff, makumi mashanu neshanu, mudzimai wake, Michele, makumi mashanu neshanu, nemwanakomana wavo mukuru nemwanasikana - vakapinda muMac King Comedy Magic Show kuHarrah's nematikiti akaderedzwa kusvika kumadhora gumi.
Jeff aishandisa mari inosvika madhora mazana mashanu pamatafura eblackjack; muganhu wake mutsva waiva $500 - pa penny uye quarter slot machines.
"Handisati ndamboona penny slots yakazara kudaro," Michele akadaro muna Chikunguru apo mhirizhonga yemhuri yakanga yava kusvika kumagumo.
Bhizinesi reStrip's modhi yezana ramakore rechi21, iro raifanira kupinda mukuwanda kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwevaenzi-vanoshandisa mahara vachipopotera makamuri ekutanga ehotera, nyeredzi ina-yeresitorendi mari uye nemitengo yakakwira, yapwanywa nekuderera kwayo kwakanyanya. mumakumi emakore.
Kugona kweVegas kwemamiriro ekunze kuderera kwekare kwakaita kuti zviite senge kuderera-chiratidzo. Hapachina. Njodzi dzakasiiwa nekuondomoka kwehupfumi kwakatanga gore rapfuura hakuna kumboonekwa neguta iri.
Tourism iri pasi kwegore rechipiri rakateedzana, uye vanhu vanouya havasi kushandisa nekusiiwa kwekare. Gore rakapera Jeff Curran akapa mwanakomana nemwanasikana wake rusununguko rwekudzora pasisino pasi; gore rino muganhu wavo wezuva nezuva waiva $25 imwe neimwe.
Muna 2007, gore repamusoro, vanhu 39.2 miriyoni vakashanya. Gore rakapera vashanyi mamiriyoni 37.5 vakauya kutaundi. Vakuru vezvekushanya vanoti bhizinesi remagungano rakaderera ne27% kubva pagore rapfuura. Kana maitiro aripo achienderera mberi, Vegas inogona kutyora mamirioni makumi matatu neshanu kushanya gore rino, iyo yakaderera nhanho kubva 35.
Kunyangwe kudonha kukadzikira, mhedzisiro yacho inonzwika mune ramangwana. Iyo Strip - ingangoita mamaira mana eLas Vegas Boulevard iyo inoburitsa inopfuura hafu yemari yekubhejera muNevada - iri kuongorora zvakare maitiro ayo ekushandisa mari yakawanda pakuvaka kutsva uye yekunangana nevakapfuma kana vazhinji vanopedza mari.
Mitengo yemakamuri paStrip yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya zvekuti nzvimbo dzekutandarira dzepamusoro dzichakusimudzira nhasi nemutengo wakafanana waichajwa mahotera makore maviri apfuura.
PaEncore, iyo Vegas impresario Steve Wynn yakavhurwa muna Zvita sekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yake yepamusoro yeWynn resort, vamwe vatengi vakapihwa pekugara kwehusiku huviri zhizha rino nemadhora makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe. Kune humwe husiku hwekudonha uku, mitengo yekushambadzira yakaderera semadhora makumi mapfumbamwe iri kupihwa kuBellagio, hotera yePrime Strip uko makamuri anogona kusvika pamadhora mazana mashanu kana kupfuura.
Mamwe maresitorendi epamusoro eguta akapa hafu yezvikamu zve (kwete chaizvo) hafu yemutengo panguva dzinononoka dzezuva. Cirque du Soleil, iyo acrobatics juggernaut inotonga Strip ine zviratidziro zvitanhatu, yaita chimwe chinhu icho veteran Vegas vatariri vanowana zvakanyanya kufunga kupfuura chero chainoburitsa panhandare: Iri kugogodza zvinosvika makumi mana muzana kubva pamapaketi ematikiti maviri.
"Cirque haina kumboderedza chero munhu," anodaro Anthony Curtis, muparidzi weLas Vegas Advisor, gwara remukati rezvibvumirano.
Curtis anoti Strip resorts uye maresitorendi anoda kupfuura nakare kose kuisa makuponi ekuderedzwa mugwaro rake. “Gore rino ndiri kupinda nemumikova kwaimbogara musina kana mikova.
Mari yemari
Vakuru veCasino vanoti vanoona zviratidzo zvekuti kudzikira kwazvino kwadzika, nemitengo yekugara mumahotera ichikwira kusvika pa90%. Asi kudzikisira kwakanyanya kuri kucheka zvakanyanya kuita purofiti.
Kudzokororwa kwakapinza senge mushure mekurwiswa kwaSept. 11 hakufungidzirwe sezvingabvira.
“Izvi zvakasiyana nekuti hakusi kudzikira kwechikamu chimwe chete,” akadaro Rossi T. Ralenkotter, mukuru mukuru weLas Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority.
Iko kuseri kwezviratidziro kunofamba paStrip's inonyanya kushuvira budiriro nyowani, MGM Mirage's CityCenter, inogona kupa tarisiro yakanaka yekudonha kwemari.
Iyo hombe purojekiti, iri pakati peMGM Mirage's Bellagio neMonte Carlo, yakagadzirirwa seguta mukati meguta recurvilinear simbi-ne-girazi shongwe.
Muna 2006, padhuze nepamusoro pemukurumbira weStrip, kambani yakatanga mushandirapamwe wayo wekutengesa condo nemitengo yakakosha ye "shamwari nemhuri" - kureva, vashandi veMGM Mirage uye vatengi vepamusoro.
Mugore rakatevera, MGM yakatora 20% madhipoziti pahafu yenzvimbo dzinosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana mana ekugara muzvivakwa zvitatu zvekondo uye hotera, mamwe ane mutengo wakakwira semadhora mazana mapfumbamwe.
Vatengi vanoti musika weLas Vegas uripo unogona kusatsigira mari inodarika mazana mana emadhora paskweya tsoka pamayuniti akatanga kutengeswa nemadhora chiuru paskweya tsoka. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, vatengi havazokwanisi kuchengetedza zvikwereti pamutengo wakazara wekutengesa.
"Vamwe vanhu vachaenda," anodaro Mark Connot, gweta reLas Vegas rinomiririra vatengi vakati wandei.
Pasi pemutemo weNevada, MGM inogona kuchengeta madhipoziti anosvika gumi neshanu muzana emutengo wekondirakiti, kana kudarika madhora mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu emamiriyoni emadhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora mumadhipoziti iyo kambani inoti yakagamuchira pa15 CityCenter condos kubva pakati pegore, paine mamwe 262 mayunitsi pamusika.
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, vatengi vanoti, MGM yakabata yakasimba kupokana nepfungwa yekutauriranazve. Ikozvino kambani yaratidza zviratidzo zvekudzokera kumashure kubva kune yekutanga kukosha.
Mukuru weMGM Mirage, James J. Murren, akati kambani inoziva kuti maappraisals adonha zvakanyanya kubva panguva ye "white-hot" pre-recession period. Asi Murren, iye pachake mutengi wemayuniti maviri eCityCenter, akawedzera kuti anotenda kuti musika unogona kunge "wakagadzikana, kunyangwe uchiri kunetsa," uye wakagadzirira kupora. “Tinonzwa kuti nguva ishamwari yedu,” anodaro.
Matanda akakwirira
Parizvino, matambudziko eLas Vegas anotyisa.
Misangano yemakambani nemagungano - mutyairi mukuru wekukura kweStrip - atora aura yekurasa kwakashata munguva yekusunga bhandi. Hazvina kubatsira apo Mutungamiri Obama vakanongedza munwe kumasangano ezvemari anga akaronga majunketi epamusoro-soro kunyangwe awana mari yemubatanidzwa.
"Akashandisa Las Vegas semuenzaniso wekushandisa zvisirizvo," kasino mogul Steve Wynn akanyunyuta pamusangano wekudyara muna Kubvumbi. Aive nehungwaru kubva kuWells Fargo & Co. kudzima chiitiko chekucherechedzwa kwevashandi kunzvimbo dzake dzekutandarira, izvo zvaakati zvakadyira kambani yake mamirioni masere emari.
VaObama vakagadzirisa, neimwe nzira, nekuoneka muLas Vegas paMay fundraiser yeSenate Majority Mutungamiriri Harry Reid, Nevada Democrat (uye nekugara husiku hwese paCaesars Palace paStrip).
Asi nekurongeka kwegungano kuchiri kupera, marwadzo anoramba aripo.
Hakusi chete kudonha kwehupfumi kwakawedzera uye kwakanyanya kupfuura kare, asi dhorobha rine zvakawanda zviri mungozi. Muna 2001, Las Vegas yakanga ine makamuri ehotera 125,000 ekuzadza; pakupera kwegore ra2008 nhamba yacho yaive 141,000. Mamwe 16,000 XNUMX akarongerwa kuvhurwa mumakore maviri anotevera.
Sekutonga kwechigunwe, kuwedzera kwe200,000 vashanyi vatsva pagore kunodiwa kuzadza makamuri matsva chiuru - zvichireva kuti vashanyi vatsva mamirioni mazana matatu nemazana maviri vanofanira kuuya kudhorobha kuzotora chivakwa chitsva.
Kutadza kudzosera maitiro aya kunoparadza chimwe chezvinyorwa zvekutenda zvedhorobha: izvo zvitsva, zvivakwa zvinopenya zvinogara zvichigadzira kushanya kuti zvizadze.
Mhedzisiro iyoyo yave iripo kubvira Wynn paakavhura imba ine makamuri 3,000 1989 yeMirage muna XNUMX. Vazhinji panguva iyoyo vakasava nechokwadi kuti nzvimbo yake inopenya yaigona kuita zvakakwana kubhadhara chikwereti chayo chinorema. Pane kudaro kwaive kubudirira kukuru. Mafungu enzvimbo dzekutandarira akatevera.
Paiva neMGM Grand yaKirk Kerkorian muna 1993; Wynn's pachake Bellagio, achisimuka kubva mumarara eDunes muna 1998; iyo Venetian, ichivhura panzvimbo yeSheldon Adelson yakaputswa Sands muna 1999.
Mugore rimwe chetero Circus Circus Enterprises, muridzi weiyo isingafadzi yeCircus Circus kasino, akavhura iyo yakasarudzika yeMandalay Bay nerumbidzo zvekuti kambani yakachinja zita rayo kuita Mandalay Resort Group. (Yakazowanikwa neMGM Mirage, yakaumbwa apo Kerkorian's MGM Grand yakatora Wynn's Mirage Resorts.)
Dingindira rekushambadzira remhuri muma1990s rakaratidza kusiririsa (vabereki vakave vanopedza mari shoma), uye 9/11 yaive imwe kuderera kupfupi. Zvakadaro, iyo Strip yakatanga makore gumi makuru.
Uye pakati pemakore ekuma2000 kutenderera kutsva, kwakatokura kupfuura kwekupedzisira, kwakaonekwa kumberi.
Wynn, achiwedzera kubva pakurasikirwa kwake neMirage Resorts, akatanga Wynn Resorts Ltd. uye akazarura Wynn Las Vegas muna 2005. Ian Bruce Eichner, mugadziri wecondo kubva kuNew York, akatanga 2,250-unit Cosmopolitan. Veteran kasino Executive Glenn Schaeffer akabatana nemugadziri wecondo Jeffrey Soffer kuti vatange iyo 3,815-kamuri Fontainebleau paStrip iri kure kuchamhembe kusvika.
Mumhanzi wakabva wamira.
Defaults, mhosva
Eichner akatadza kubhadhara chikwereti chekuvaka muna Ndira 2008 uye akarasikirwa neprojekiti kune mukweretesi mukuru, Deutsche Bank. Kuvaka paFontainebleau, 70% yakakwana, yakawanda yakamiswa muna Kubvumbi gore rino; yakazoguma yave mumatare edzimhosva nevakweretesi vayo, avo vaiti hutungamiriri husina kunaka uye kuwanda kwemitengo. Muna Chikumi Fontainebleau akamhan'ara kuchengetedzwa kwekubhuroka.
CityCenter yakava musoro wenyaya yakamhan'arwa nemubatsiri weMGM webudiriro, hurumende yeDubai; izvo zvakagadziriswa gore rino nekubhadhara zvakare izvo zvakabvumira chirongwa ichi kuenderera mberi kusvika pakuvhurwa kwechikamu kutanga muna Zvita.
Mufananidzo wakajeka wemakakatanwa ari paStrip pakati petarisiro huru uye huchokwadi hwehupfumi hwakakasharara inzvimbo yemaeka makumi masere nemasere mhiri kubva kuWynn Las Vegas, nzvimbo yemarara yejecha inochengetera masitare anoita ngura. Iyi ndiyo saiti yeEchelon, iyo yakavambwa se $88-bhiriyoni yakasarudzika yekutandarira neBoyd Gaming Corp.
Boyd akaita zita rayo semuridzi wemakasino epasi-anopa aiitira vagari veLas Vegas-nzvimbo, uye yetambo yedhorobha kasino-mahotera anotengeswa zvakanyanya kune vashanyi vekuHawaii. Yakanga iine zvivakwa gumi munzvimbo yeLas Vegas muna 10 payakazivisa Echelon, kuyedza kukwirisa chimiro chayo ne "kuvapo kwakakosha" paStrip.
Bhoyd akawana ndokupinza hotera yeStardust. Pakazosvika nguva yeEchelon muna Chikumi 2007, chirongwa ichi chakange chakura kuita musanganiswa wemahotera mana anokwana makamuri zviuru zvishanu nemazana matatu, nzvimbo yegungano, mabhaisikopo maviri uye zvitoro zveumbozha. Mutengo waro mutsva wemadhora mabhiriyoni mana nemazana masere wakaita kuti ive yechipiri-inodhura purojekiti paStrip, kuseri kweUS $5,300-bhiriyoni CityCenter.
Rimwe gore gare gare, mushure mekudyara $700 miriyoni muchirongwa ichi, Boyd akachivhara. Panguva iyoyo, kambani yakataura nezve "mamiriro ehupfumi" uye kumisa kiredhiti, asi kunyangwe ese ari maviri atanga kuita mwero, haisati yafunga nezve danho rayo.
"Tinoramba tichitarisa chirongwa ichi, uye hatisi kuona nzvimbo yekutangisa," Boyd Chief Executive Keith Smith akadaro mubvunzurudzo. "Tiri kutora mamwe 2009 kuti tiongorore zvatinosarudza."
Kubatsirana
Zvichakadaro, kusingagumi kutema-mutengo kunoramba kuri izwi rekutarisa paStrip. Wynn Resorts yakarekodha mari muLas Vegas yemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu emamiriyoni emadhora muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino, bvudzi chete pamberi pemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu emamiriyoni panguva imwe cheteyo ye291.3, kunyangwe yakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kamuri yaro nekuvhura iyo 287.2-kamuri Encore muna Zvita.
Wynn akashuma kuti zvidzikisiro zvakadzikisa avhareji yemari pakamuri kusvika kumadhora zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nehafu yehafu yekutanga yegore rino, kubva pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi masere nepfumbamwe pagore rapfuura - kunyangwe hutsinye hwekusimudzira huwandu hwayo husina kubatsira kugara kwese, hwakadonha kusvika 194% kubva pa289%.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzeindasitiri yekasino dzinotya kuti kuenderera kunorema kuderedzwa kuchadzima iyo Vegas aura kwenguva refu.
"Iwe unofanirwa kudonhedza mitengo yako, asi haudi kugadzira pfungwa yekuti ichi chiitiko chekuderedzwa kana kuti chiitiko chacho chadzikiswa," anodaro Billy Vassiliadis, mukuru mukuru weR&R Partners, Las Vegas veruzhinji. kambani yehukama yakagadzira inozivikanwa "Chii chinoitika pano, chinogara pano" kushambadzira mushandirapamwe. “Ranga riri dambudziko chairo.
Chimwe chinonetsa ndechekuti vavhimi vanonyengerwa kuStrip nemakamuri akachekwa anogona kunge asiri echikamu chemusika icho bhizinesi remhando - symbiosis yepekugara inodhura, gourmet dining uye varaidzo - inovimba nayo. Panzvimbo pokudyira pahotera paresitorendi yeWolfgang Puck yepamusoro-soro, semuenzaniso, vanogona kusvetukira mhiri kwemugwagwa kuti vawane chikafu chekukurumidza.
Padivi rakajeka
Zvakadaro, zvakaoma kuwana mukuru wekasino muLas Vegas uyo asingataure tarisiro yakakosha nezveramangwana renharaunda yekutandarira.
Kutenda kwavo ndekwekuti kunyangwe Las Vegas ingangove yakawandisa uye yakawedzera kuwanda panguva ino kupfuura nakare kose, yakadzidza kupinda muchikamu chehunhu hwevanhu izvo zvisingaite kana kureba, kudzika kwakadzika kunogona kubvisa.
"Veruzhinji vachaenderera mberi nemaitiro avanga vave nawo kwemakore zana," Wynn akafanotaura pamusangano weMilken Institute wepasi rose wekudyara mari muna Kubvumbi. "Las Vegas ichange iripo. Ichapora nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu. Munhu wese anenge akangwara zvishoma. Vachatenda mune mazino zvishoma zvishoma. Uye munhu wese achazviitira zvirinani. ”
