MAZISO AKASHANDURWA
2011 rave gore rekuchinja kukuru uye matambudziko. Dambudziko rehupfumi, shanduko yedunhu uye shanduko, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kurasikirwa nekukasira kwezvidhori nemasangano - nguva zhinji dzangove dzapfuura ngano, kupfuura kufanotaura, kupfuura tarisiro, uye kunyangwe zvisinganzwisisike.
Kune iyo indasitiri yepasirese yekufamba uye yekushanya, gore rakaratidza zvakare, kuti haisi iyo indasitiri chete yakagadzikana zvinoshamisa, ndizvo zvakaitawo vafambi. Ndinotenda. Zviitiko zvikuru zvinoratidza nguva nenguva kukurudzira kuda kuziva kukuru uye chishuwo chekuzvionera wega. Pakaitika dambudziko, vafambi pasi rese vave kunyatsoziva mabatiro angaita kuvapo kwavo pakudzoreredza kwekuenda. Kudzorerwa kwehupfumi, zvachose. Asi zvakare, zvakakosha, kudzoreredza kwemweya wesocial fabric. Mumwe anotungamira muenzaniso: Tahrir Square yeCairo, mwoyo wekumukira kweEgypt nekukurumidza uye nerunyararo-kupedzwa kweArab Spring Spring, iko zvino kwakamira senzvimbo inotungamira inokwezva vashanyi. Nyika inoda kuona, uye kunzwa, pazvakaitika.
Pari zvino vanhu vane mabhiriyoni manomwe vari kugara pasi rose, uye chikamu chekufambisa chave kusvika pachiyero chebhirioni imwe yevanosvika kune dzimwe nyika muna 2012, chiyero chekukwezva kwekufamba chinokura chete. Kune vamwe vafambi, kuda ndekwezororo rinovabvumira kuti vatarise nyika kuburikidza nemagirazi eruvara rwerose: nzvimbo dzakanaka dzezvitsuwa, nzvimbo dzechisikigo dzisina kumbobatwa, nharaunda dzetsika dzinoenderana nenzvimbo yadzo nenzvimbo yadzo muchadenga. Kune vamwe, kuda kwekufamba ndekwenzvimbo inovhura nzira nyowani dzekuwanikwa uye mukana webhizinesi kana nhandaro. Kune zvakare avo vanotsvaga nzvimbo dzinovatendera kuona nyika mune yayo mbishi geo-zvematongerwo enyika mamiriro, kutarisa nyaya uye pfungwa muziso. Uye kune avo vanoda kuona kuti vangaite sei mutsauko kuburikidza nekuvapo kwavo, vachibatsira nzvimbo kuvaka ramangwana rakasimba. Zvishuvo mukufamba zvakawanda senhamba yevafambi. Hapana kwavanoda kufunga kuti vasiiwa.
Kunzvimbo dzacho pachadzo, zvisinei, dambudziko rinogona kukonzera kuvhunduka, kunyara, uye kuda kutarisa kure sezvo kutya kurasikirwa kwechido chevafambi uye mukana wekuenda kunotora. Dambudziko pakutanga rinoita sechituko.
Chirevo cheChinese cheshoko rekuti “dambudziko” rinorevawo “mukana,” chirevo chakazoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakatanga dambudziko reupfumi hwenyika mukupera kwa2008, ichokwadi chisingakanganwike.
Sezviri nyore sekunge kuri kwekuenda kuvharika maziso kune zvakaitika munguva yenhamo, ingave yezvematongerwo enyika, yehupfumi, yemusikirwo kana imwe, mukana chaiwo unopenya kana dambudziko rakatariswa nemeso akasvinura.
X-RAY INOKOSHA
Kana dambudziko rikaitika, vatungamiriri veindasitiri yekushanya, mukati mehurumende neyakazvimiririra, vakakanda pamberi pavo x-ray yekwainoenda nezvose zvayo. Mapoinzi ekubatana, kurongeka, uye kukakavara zvinobva zvangoonekwa. Senge muviri wemunhu wakaiswa mu x-ray, pakarepo nhengo dzisina simba dzemuviri dzinoonekwa - mapfupa airehwa kupa simba rave kupera simba, arteri dzinoitirwa kudyisa muviri wakavharika, zvinhu zvekunze zvakapinda mumuviri uye zviri. kukonzera kukuvara.
Panyaya yeindasitiri yekushanya, iyi x-ray inopa maonero akajeka kwete chete apo hutano hunoda kudzoserwa mukushanda kwenzvimbo yacho, asi kuti hutano hwemangwana hwenzvimbo yacho hunogona kuvandudzwa sei.
Nechinangwa chekuenzanisira, dunhu reMENA - muunganidzwa wemarudzi anovimba zvakanyanya nekushanya kwekusimudzira magariro nehupfumi - parizvino ari kutambura nekuchinja kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika, zvichikonzera kudzikira kusingaenzaniswi kwechiitiko cheindasitiri yekushanya.
Iyo Arab Spring's wave yekuchinja uye shanduko muMiddle East neNorth Africa (MENA) yakapa pasirese maitiro edzidzo inoshamisa uye yakakosha kutenderera chikamu chenyika chinowanzo furatirwa uye nekuongororwa. Padanho rekutanga, kumukira kwedunhu reMENA kwakadzidzisa nyika yedunhu geography. Middle East haichaonekwi senyika zhinji dzeArab dzakavakwa pamafuta uye dzinotungamirwa nemadzitateguru akapfeka zvechinyakare. Sezvo Chitubu cheArab chakatanga kubuda, mhodzi dzeruzivo dzakadyarwa mudunhu rese. Sezvo nguva yakapfuura uye zviitiko zvakapararira, idzi mbeu dzakakura muzivo, kunzwisisa, tsitsi, uye kuonga.
Nhasi, zvichienzaniswa negore rimwe chete rapfuura, dunhu reMENA rakashanduka kubva pakuonekwa segeo-block, kusvika pakunzwisiswa nemisiyano yakajeka senyika, vatungamiriri, tsika, nzvimbo, uye kurwira ramangwana.
Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzichiramba dzichirwira rusununguko, dzimwe dzakabudirira kushanda munguva dzadzo dzekuchinja uye dzakatora nhano dzadzo dzokutanga panzira itsva yeramangwana. Sarudzo dziri kuitika. Zvakadaro, kudzoreredza kwezvikamu zvavo zvekushanya kunoramba kusine simba - kunonoka, kuzununguka uye kusagadzikana. Tariro, zvisinei, inoramba yakasimba. Chikonzero chiri, kumarudzi akadai seTunisia, Morocco, Egypt neJoridhani, chikamu chinoonekwa, zvakajeka sechikamu chakakosha chehupfumi, uye ikozvino, kugona kwayo kudzoka patsoka dzayo. Sezvakataurwa naAmr Badr, Managing Director weAbercrombie & Kent (A&K) kuEgypt neMiddle East kubvira 1999, "vanhu vekuEgypt vanotenda kuti kushanya ivharo rehupenyu rakakosha mukugadzirisa hupfumi hwedu."
Zviitiko zveArab Spring zvinoita kuti nyika dziri kusangana nekumukirana dziite kudzikira uko kune huwandu hwevashanyi. Zvinonzwisisika, vashanyi vakarasikirwa nechivimbo mukukwanisa kwavo kufamba pachena, zvakachengeteka, uye nerunyararo kuburikidza nekuenda kwavo kweMENA kwekusarudza. Kune indasitiri yekufambisa, hukama husina kusimba hwechikamu chekushanyirwa kwakaburitswa pachena.
Sezvo nhamba dzekusvika dzakanyungudika, izvo zvakava pachena inzvimbo idzo kwavaienda, sese, pamwe nenzvimbo dzinodyidzana, dzinofanirwa kusimba kuti dzivakezve kukosha kwakakosha uye kukanganisa kwechikamu chekushanya.
Sezvinoita kunzvimbo dzese dzepasirese dzakatarisana nedambudziko, ingave yezvematongerwo enyika, yakasikwa, yehupfumi, kana zvimwe, iyo yepakati uye yakakosha "injiniya" yekwainoenda inoburitswa. Hunyanzvi hwepakati hwakaedzwa, kugona kuburitswa. Sezvakaita paradigms, uye kudiwa kweparadigm kuchinja. Imwe yeinonyanya kukosha: iyo yekushanya inomira yega.
Amr Badr weA&K akaenderera mberi achiti: “Kusvika zvino, zvanga zvisina kujairika kuti indasitiri (yekushanya) ibatanidze nharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro akatitenderedza kubhizinesi redu. Vanhu vekushanya vaisawanzofunga nezvenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika uye vaiona bhizinesi semutambarakede, kutandara, uye kuparadzaniswa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Nekudaro, kune vanhu vari mubhizinesi rekushanya, zvakakosha kubatanidza nyaya dzedunhu, dzehupfumi, uye dzezvematongerwo enyika kune nzira dzevafambi. "
Nemabhiriyoni ari kurasika muhupfumi hwekushanyirwa munguva dzekutambudzika, basa rinoitwa nekushanyirwa mukusimudzira hupfumi nekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika rakajeka. Iye zvino kupfuura nakare kose kukanganisa kwehupfumi hweindasitiri yekushanya kuri kuratidzwa, zvakajeka. Mabasa, mari, mari, uye chivimbo chakarasika chakarova kwete mweya wekuenda chete, asi mashizha. Ingave Egypt, Jordan, Japan, Tunisia, Thailand, kana imwe nzvimbo yekushanya ipi neipi yakatarisana nenjodzi, shoko re "kushanyirwa kwezvinhu!" hazvaigona kusimba.
KUWANA SIMBA NOKUONA KUSIMBA
Dambudziko munzvimbo dzekushanya mugore rapfuura, uye makore, rakapa vatungamiriri vekushanya pasi rose mukana wekuziva, muzviitiko zvakawanda nekukasira, uko kune kusasimba kwavanoenda uye, saka, uko kune mikana yekusimbisa mune ramangwana.
Dambudziko rinounza kutarisa, rinounza ruzivo, rinounza mukana. Zvinounzawo tsitsi, kubatana, kubatana, kuzivikanwa, uye kudanwa kumberi kwesimba remukati.
Tichifunga nezvemakore gumi apfuura, Amr Badr ari pachena kuti maonero ake pahutungamiriri hwebhizinesi rekushanya akachinja sei. "Pandinopenya kumashure kwemakore gumi apfuura, kana ndakadzidza chero chinhu, ndechekugara ndichironga, kugadzirira, kuronga. Mubhizinesi redu, nguva dzose, nguva dzose, gara wakatarisa zvakanyanya nyaya dzemumba, nharaunda geopolitics, uye zvibatanidze nebhizinesi rako kuitira kuronga, kugadzirira uye kuronga, ”akadaro.
Nezvinhu zvakawanda zviri kuchinja, kuita bhizinesi rekufambisa nemazvo, uye kwekuenda, vese vatungamiriri vebhizinesi nevakuru vekushanya vari muhofisi vanofanirwa kufunga: “Kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika mu____, zvinokanganisa sei bhizinesi/kwandinosvika? Izvi zvinokanganisa sei kukura kwebhizinesi rangu / kwandinoenda? "
Iyi nzira inoshanda kune zvese zvakaipa uye zvakanaka kugadzirira dambudziko. Padivi rakashata rekuti "ko kana," indasitiri yekufambisa inofanirwa kuona kuti masisitimu uye zvimiro zviri munzvimbo kuti ive nechokwadi chevafambi nzvimbo, dziviriro, kutaurirana, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kubuda. Urongwa hwekupindura hwekukurumidza hunoda kugadzirwa, pachine nguva, kubata nemamiriro akasiyana siyana anogona kuitika pasi.
Padanho rehurumende, tsigiro yekukurumidza inofanirwa kuwanikwa kune vanoita basa reindastiri, ichiisa pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kwevafambi uye ruzivo rwekuenda kutanga uye zvakanyanya.
Kunzvimbo dzinoona nyika dzakavakidzana dziri munjodzi, kusaziva kuti “ko kana” kungave kuri mugumisiro wekukanganisa. Sezvinoonekwa muJoridhani neMorocco, nepo mamiriro avo epamba aive akapfava zvakanyanya kupfuura dambudziko rakatarisana nenyika dzakavakidzana dzakaita seLibya, Yemen, Tunisia, uye, zvinosuruvarisa, zvakare Egypt, vachiri pedyo nedambudziko vanogona kukanganisa. paindasitiri yavo yekushanya.
Pafiripi, kana zvinhu zvikashata mune imwe nzvimbo, pane kugovaniswazve kwechisikigo kwebhizinesi kunogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka kune imwe nzvimbo. Dzimwe nzvimbo, chokwadi, dzinogona kuona kuti dambudziko riri pedyo rinovhura mukana. Sezvambotaurwa, indasitiri yekufambisa yakatsiga nekuti vafambi vanosimba. Kune vagadziri vezororo vakananga kuLuxor gore rapfuura, asi vachitya nezve njodzi yekumwe kukakavara kwezvematongerwo enyika, chishuwo chekufamba hachina kupera, chakangochinja kwakuenda. Nharaunda yeGCC neGreece yakanakidzwa nekukura mukusvika kwavo kwekushanya sezvo vafambi vakamisikidza Plan B yavo.
Ingave yakanaka kana yakaipa, chikamu chekushanya chakazara chinofanirwa kuve nemhinduro dzekukurumidza dzekukurumidza kubatanidza masisitimu akakosha ekuenda uye zvimiro (kureva, nhandare dzendege, nhandare dzendege, mahotera, vafambisi vekufambisa, mahofisi ekunze, nezvimwewo), kuwiriranisa indasitiri yekushanya. uye (re) activate chikamu chehupfumi.
KUTARISA PANE ZVINOKOSHA
Kunyange paine zvidzidzo zvisingaverengeki zvinobva mudambudziko, zviitiko zvegore ra2011 zvakafumura nzvimbo shanu dzemukana weruzivo rwechikamu chekushanya, uye, nekudaro, kusimbaradzwa kweinjiniya yekuenda kumatunhu ese ehurumende neakazvimirira, anoti:
1. Ruzivo Nezvekwaunoenda:
Dambudziko rinodzidzisa geography. Sezvo nhau dzenhau dzichiburitsa nyaya dzedambudziko, ruzivo rwakatenderedza panodzidzisa vateereri (uye vangangove vafambi) nezve nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika - nzvimbo dzavari, kusiyana kwenzvimbo, magariro netsika, uye kazhinji zvinokwezva. Ruzivo rutsva urwu runofanira kuvakirwa panguva-uye mushure medambudziko kuti rigone kuenderera mberi nekunzwisisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu pasi, nzvimbo yaro vis-a-vis dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuenda, uye kana yagadzirira, kukoka kwayo kune vafambi kuti (re) vashanyire zvakare. .
2. Private Sector Cooperation:
Pakugadzirisa dambudziko, simba rekupindura riri muhuwandu, kunyangwe nhamba idzi dziri makwikwi chaiwo. Sezvakataurwa naAmr Badr: "Kana zvasvika kune vebazi rakazvimirira, hukama hwedu hunoenda kumberi haufanire kunge hwekukwikwidza, asi hwekugovana, uye kuunza pamwe chete indasitiri kuti ishandise kumanikidza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhinduro yedambudziko iri nekukurumidza uye yakabatana. Dzvinyiriro yevezera ravo inoshanda, kunyanya kana rutsigiro nezviito zvehurumende zvichidiwa.”
3. Media Engagement:
Pakangotanga dambudziko, vezvenhau varipo, vachiburitsa nyaya kubva kumativi ese. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vatungamiriri venzvimbo yekuenda vachifanira kunge varipo padivi, inowanikwa seyekutanga-kufona sosi uye sosi. Proactive media kubatanidzwa kwakakosha pakuona kuti nyaya inotaurwa nemazvo, nguva dzose, zvakazara, uye kuburikidza nemanzwi ekutungamira eindasitiri. Izvi zvinoda kuti vatungamiri vebazi - vose vehurumende nevehurumende - vabatane sezwi rimwe chete, nekujeka kwemashoko nenhume. Muenzaniso wakasimba wekushandira pamwe kwenhau kunoshanda kweKenya muQ3/4 muna 2011 apo vapanduki veal-Shabaab vakayambuka muganho weKenya neSomalia vakatora hupenyu hwevashanyi kunzvimbo dzekutandarira dzekuchamhembe. Gurukota rezvekushanyirwa kwenyika, Honourable Najib Balala, vakabva vaenda kumberi senzvimbo yekutanga kuonana uye kutaura nezve dambudziko rekushanya, vachishanda zvakananga uye pachena nenhau dzepasirese, dzedunhu uye dzenyika. Kuvhiringika kwezviri kuitika, kupi, nei, uye chii chiri kuitwa nezvazvo, kunokonzera kutya, kuparadzira kukuvadzwa, uye kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kupfuura dambudziko racho. Kurongeka, kubatana, kuita zvinhu uye kubuda pachena nevezvenhau zvinongoshanda kune kwaunoenda.
4. Travel Advisory Management
Mazano ekufambisa anoramba ari imwe yenyaya dzinonetsa kana tasvika padambudziko rekunoenda. Chapakati padambudziko kuraira kwekufamba kuri kushandiswa nekukurumidza nenyika dzekumba dzevanogona kufamba nekumhanya kwakakura, kushomeka geospecification, uye kunyange kushoma kutevera kuvandudza nekubvisa ziviso. Kuedza kuri kuitwa nemasangano ezvekushanya pasi rose akaita se UNWTO kushanda nehurumende pasi rese kuona kuti mazano ekufambisa ndeaya:
- geo-specific,
- nguva-yakasungwa, uye
- yakagadziridzwa.
Pamusoro pekuedza uku, vatungamiriri venzvimbo dzemabhizinesi pamwe nevakuru vehurumende vekushanya vanofanirwa kushanda nenharaunda yepasirese kuona kuti kuraira kwekufamba kunotariswa nemazvo, uye nekubviswa nenguva, kuitira kuti zvisavhiringidze kuedza kudzoreredza kwekuenda.
5. Kudyidzana kweHurumende yeMunharaunda
Chekupedzisira, mukuda kwekushanya kwematunhu kuti nzvimbo dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe dzidzore, uye kusimudzira, dunhu rose. Kushanda pamwe chete kusimudzira zvakare basa rekushanya, mibatanidzwa yedunhu inogona kuita chikamu chakakosha, kunyanya, kuvakazve kuvimba kwevafambi, izvo zvinozovakazve chiitiko. Nguva dzenhamo dzinovhurika chishuvo chekushandira pamwe, kubuda muhusungwa hunoremadza hwezvinetso zvinoparadza kurudzi. Tsitsi dzevanhu dzinopfuura makwikwi. Kutora nzira yedunhu kune dambudziko mukushanya pamwe neruzivo rwakabatanidzwa pakuedza kudzoreredza, se UNWTO yanga ichikwikwidza mudunhu reMENA semuenzaniso, inobvumira nyika dzese kuti dzisimuke pamusoro pemakakatanwa kuti rive rakagadzikana, rakachengeteka, uye rinovimbisa ramangwana rekushanya kwedunhu.
Pakupedzisira, zvinoonekwa, hutungamiriri hune hunyanzvi hunotikurudzira nekutitungamira mudambudziko. Sezvakataurwa naAmr Badr, vachifunga nezvezvichatora kuti MENA iwanezve senzvimbo yakaenzana, inofambiswa yekushanya: “Isu takafanana nerimwe bhizinesi. Tinoda kugadzikana, tinoda kuchengeteka, tinoda tariro. "
Munguva dzino dzinogara dzichichinja, dzinogara dzichinetsa, chinhu chimwe chete chakajeka: seindasitiri, sehupfumi huri kukurumidza kukurumidza, uye sesimba rinonyanya kusimudzira rugare rwepasi rose nekunzwisisana munyika, kufamba uye kushanya ndizvo zvinodiwa nenyika. enderera mberi.
Sezvo gore idzva rave kubuda, nyika dzichitora zvimiro zvitsva neramangwana, kuda kwedu kuyambuka miganhu kurambe kuchitiswededza pedyo, munzira dzese dzine basa.
