COVID-19 Coronavirus: Yekusimuka Yekumuka-Kudana Kuvanhu?

Nhasi, vanhu vakagonesa kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu nesayenzi kupedza zvirwere, vakabatsira kuwedzera nduramo, kuderedza nzara nourombo hwakanyanya, kuchinja zvokufambisa nokufambiswa kwemashoko, kuongorora dzimwe nyika dziri muchisiko chapose pose, uye kwakaita kuti chizvarwa ichi chive chinobudirira zvikuru munhau. Asi nemutengo wei kune zvakasikwa uye zvakatipoteredza? Zvisikwa zvakava nezvakawanda zvekukuvadza kuri kukonzera pasi rino here? Is Covid-19 kumuka kwezvisikwa kumunhu?

Dambudziko

Denda riri kukurumidza kuitika pamberi pemeso edu rinoita sechimwe chinhu chinobva mubhaisikopo resainzi, richiunza nyika yese zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika mumabvi ayo. Kudonha kuri kukanganisa chikamu chese chehupenyu hwedu - zvemagariro, zvehupfumi, uye zvemari, uye chiri kubvarura chidimbu chehupenyu pachacho, chichitenderera kutenderera pasirese. Hapana anoita seanoregererwa - mupfumi nemurombo, akabudirira uye asina budiriro.

Hurumende dzepasirese dziri kunetsekana mukuyedza kutarisana nedambudziko iri uye dziri kukanda zvese "zvinorema artillery" zvesimba radzo retekinoroji "kurwisa" uyu muvengi mudiki.

Hongu, pakupedzisira tichakunda. "Tekinoroji" yedu "yepamusoro" inowana mushonga we "kuregeredza" hutachiona uye kudzikamisa denda, zvichisiya mhirizhonga yakakura mune yese yehupenyu hwedu hwemagariro nehupfumi. Hutachiona pachahwo "huchapera mutsindo," kurohwa nekupwanywa, uye huchanyura mukona, kushanduka, uye kudzoka zvakare pamwe kuzotirova zvakare.

Kunze kwekunge isu tese takateerera iyi yekumuka kudana kune chokwadi chezvakaitwa nehunyanzvi hwedu, budiriro, uye mararamiro kunyika yatinogara mairi.

Tekinoroji nebudiriro yesainzi

Mumakumi emakore apfuura, takaona kusimukira kwetekinoroji nesainzi pamwero usina kumboitika. Takatumira ma probes kunzvimbo dziri kure dzepasirese, mhuka dzakaumbwa, takagadzira embryos uye marobhoti akafanana nehupenyu anopindura nemoyo, akavaka-anoshanda zvakakwana-anoshanda makumbo nemaoko, akachinja mafambisirwo ezvifambiso, akaedza kushandura mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwewo, nezvimwe. - the list inoenderera mberi.

Uye hungu, izvi zvose zvakaguma nokufambira mberi kunorumbidzwa zvikuru muutano, dzidzo, uye zvokufambisa izvo zvakaita kuti upenyu huve nani zvikuru nokuda kwedu tose. Hapana mubvunzo pamusoro pazvo.

Kazhinji, kufambira mberi kwakaunza kubudirira kusati kwamboitika, asi panguva imwe chete, kuri kuita kuti zvive nyore kuita zvinokuvadza. Asi pakati pemhando mbiri dzemhedzisiro - kuwana mukugara zvakanaka uye kuwana mukuparadza simba - izvo zvinobatsira zvakakunda zvakanyanya.

Naizvozvo, vanhu vave kushandisa simba guru pane zvese… Pamwe tasvika padanho rekuti tasvika pakuzvifunga isu seasingakundiki, uye kuti pamwe tinogona kutamba Mwari zvino.

Asi nemutengo wei? Oxford purofesa Nick Bostrom, Mutungamiriri weRamangwana reHumanity Institute, mune bepa idzva rekushanda, "The Vulnerable World Hypothesis,” inotaura kuti kumwe kufambira mberi kwounyanzvi kwakachipa zvikuru uye kuri nyore kugamuchira zvokuti pakupedzisira kunogona kuva kunoparadza uye, naizvozvo, kwakaoma zvikuru kudzora.

Kana isu tikagadzira tekinoroji nyowani, isu tinowanzo kuzviita mukusaziva nezvese mhedzisiro yayo. Isu tinotanga kuona kana inoshanda, uye isu tinodzidza gare gare, dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya gare gare, ndezvipi zvimwe mhedzisiro yainayo. MaCFC, semuenzaniso, akaita kuti firiji idhure, yaive nhau huru kune vatengi - kusvika tanzwa kuti kumuka uye takaziva maCFC aive achiparadza ozone layer uye nharaunda yepasirese yakabatana kurambidza kushandiswa kweCFC.

Kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza

Iyo anthropogenic kukanganisa kukurumidza kwedu kukura kwakakonzera pane zvakatipoteredza kunosanganisira shanduko kune biophysical environments uye ecosystems, biodiversity, uye zviwanikwa.

• kudziya kwepasi rose - Pakazosvika 2050, mazinga egungwa anofungidzirwa kuti achakwira pakati peimwe ne2.3 tsokasezvo mazaya echando ari kunyunguduka (nzvimbo huru dzeIndia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Netherlands, Maldives, zvichingodaro dzichafukidzwa nemvura, zvichitapura vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 200 kana kuti kupfuura)
• kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kutemwa kwemasango - Pakati pa1990 na2016, nyika yakarasikirwa ne502,000 square mamaira (1.3 miriyoni mativi emakiromita) esango, sekureva kweWorld Bank - nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura South Africa. (Kubvira vanhu vakatanga kutema masango, 46 ​​muzana yemiti yakatemwa, maererano neongororo yakaitwa muna 2015 mumagazini inonzi “Nature.”)
• kutsakatika kukuru uye kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu - Masayendisiti anofungidzira nezve 55,000- 73,000 zvipenyu zvinopera gore rega rega. (idzo dzinenge marudzi 150-200 ezvinomera, zvipembenene, shiri, uye zvinoyamwisa zviri kutsakatika maawa 24 oga oga. Izvi zvinopeta kanoda kusvika 1,000 65 mwero we“muzvarirwo” kana kuti we“seri” uye wakakura kupfuura chinhu chipi nechipi chakaitika pasi rose kubvira pakutsakatika kwe maDinosaur makore anoda kusvika mamiriyoni XNUMX apfuura.)
• kunyanyisa - Vanhu vakagadzirwa 41 bhiriyoni matani emarara akaomarara muna 2017 - (yakaenzana ne50,000 avhareji-saizi cruise liners)
• kusvibiswa - Kugadzirwa kwemapurasitiki epagore munyika kwe2017 yaive 348 miriyoni metric toni (yakaenzana ne600,000 Airbus 380s)
• Consumerism - Pakazosvika 2030, vatengi vanotarisirwa kusvika 5 bhiriyoni vanhu. (Muna 2019, nhamba yevashandisi venharembozha yakasvika 4.68 bhiriyoni)

... uye rondedzero inoenderera mberi.

Chii chiri kuita zvakasikwa pamusoro peizvi zvose?

Uku kudonha kubva mubudiriro huru isina kudzorwa uye kufambira mberi kwesainzi kwaparadza nyika yedu ino.

Asi hongu, hunhu hwakasimba kwazvo uye hwakasimba. Inogona kutora huwandu hukuru hwekushungurudzwa.

Mukuru weMhoteredzo yeUN, Inger Andersen, akati: “Kune dzvinyiriro dzakawanda zvikuru panguva imwe cheteyo pagadziriro dzedu dzomusikirwo uye chimwe chinhu chinofanira kupa. Isu takabatana zvakanyanya nezvisikwa, tingazvida kana kuti kwete. Kana tisingatarisi zvisikwa, hatigoni kuzvichengeta pachedu. Uye apo isu tichienda kuhuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika mabhiriyoni gumi pasi pano, tinofanirwa kupinda mune ramangwana rakashongedzerwa nemasikirwo seshamwari yedu yakasimba. "

Saka, chii chinoita sechiri kuitika? Zvisikwa zviri kumuka here kubva mukukotsira uye kuona?

Kupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira kwevanhu kuri kuwedzera, uye mumakore achangopfuura, rudzi rwevanhu rwakaparadzwa neEbola, furuwenza yeshiri, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Rift Valley fever, Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), West Nile virus, uye utachiona hweZIKA.

Uye ikozvino COVID-19 iri kuunza nyika yese, kusanganisira ese "masimba makuru" pamabvi avo. Hatina kumbobvira tatarisana nenjodzi yenyika yose yakadaro. Maindasitiri akavhara, misika yemasheya yadonha, masisitimu eheath ari kudonha, uye kune "kuparara" kwehupfumi nemagariro pasirese. Hakuna nyika inosiyiwa - kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, inosimukira nekusimudzira, mupfumi nevarombo zvakafanana.

…uye isu hatichina zvekuita.

Ndezvipi 'zvinokonzeresa' pane zvakatipoteredza?

Nepasi rose zvaita “kuvharwa” mumavhiki mashoma apfuura pamadhigirii akasiyana, pane shanduko dzinoshamisa dziri kuitika paPasi kana tikateerera kusimuka kwekumuka.

Kuderedzwa kweCo2 Emissions

China yakaburitsa matani anosvika mazana masere emamiriyoni eCO800 (MtCO2) muna Ndira/Kukadzi 2. Nehutachiona huchivhara magetsi emagetsi, maindasitiri, uye zvifambiso, kuburitswa kunonzi kwakadzika kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana matanhatu ematani panguva imwe chete, zvichireva kuti hutachiona. inogona kunge yakadzikisa kuburitswa kwepasi rose ne2019% kusvika parizvino. (Maererano nekuverenga kwakashata kwakaitwa nasainzi weStanford University Marshall Burke, kudzikiswa kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kunge kwakabatsira kuponesa hupenyu hwevanhu makumi manomwe nenomwe muChina vari pasi pemakore mashanu uye anopfuura makumi manomwe.

MuItari, kubvira nyika yakapinda mukuvhara munaKurume 9, nhanho dzeNO2 muMilan nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweItari dzakadonha nezvikamu makumi mana%.

Kuvandudza Hunhu Hwemhepo

Indekisi yemhando yemhepo kana chiyero (AQI) mumaguta makuru mazhinji kunyanya muAsia (kusanganisira Colombo) yaive yemhando yakashata kwazvo munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nekuda kwekubuda kwehutachiona, mazinga aya anoonekwa akadzikira zvakanyanya. Kusvibiswa kwemhepo muHong Kong kunoonekwa sedambudziko rakakura. Kuonekwa kwaive kusingasviki makiromita masere kwe8 muzana yegore uye mhando yemhepo yakanzi "isina hutano." Mhosva dzeasthma uye hutachiona hwebronchial dzakakwira mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwemweya.

Nekudaro, mushure mekunge hutachiona hwakonzera kuvharika, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakaratidza kudzikiswa kwakanyanya.

Kusvibisa kushoma

Kudzikiswa kwekuita kwevanhu nekuda kwekuvharika kwehutachiona munyika dzakati wandei kwakaderedzawo marara uye nekudaro kusvibiswa. Venice, "Guta reCanals," yaive nzvimbo yakashanyirwa zvakanyanya nevashanyi, ichipa kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwemvura dzayo nehuwandu hukuru hwezvikepe, zvichiita kuti mvura ive yakasviba uye ine tsvina. Nhasi pasina kufamba kwevashanyi, migero yeVenice iri kujeka.

Iyi i "Wake-up call?"

Kumuka kwechisikigo kunoumba hope dzake dzakadzama uye kuti, "Zvakwana here?" Ari kutiratidza here kuti anogona kusunungura masimba ane simba kupingudza vanhu uye kuzvirapa?

Ini handisi myopic rabid environmentist. Ndinoda kufunga kuti ndiri pragmatic Environmentist. Zviripachena kuti aya mazinga akaderera aripo ekusaita basa kwevanhu haagone kuchengetedzwa kwenguva yakareba. Basa reindasitiri nehupfumi inofanira kutangazve uye tangazve nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Nyika inofanirwa kutangisa mabasa ayo uye budiriro inofanirwa kutangazve. Uye zvisingadzivisiki, kusvibiswa, kuburitsa, uye tsvina zvichatangawo kuwedzera.

Nyaya yakakosha pano ndeyekugara pasi uye kuongorora. Ndanga ndichigara ndichikurudzira kushandiswa kwemaitiro (SCP) muindasitiri yekushanya yandakashanda mairi kweanoda kusvika makore makumi matatu (dzimwe nguva kune nzeve dzisinganzwe).

Nyaya yacho yose ndeyokuti nyika yakarasikirwa nemaonero enheyo dzinokosha dzekuchengetedza. Sustainability ndiyo Balance pakati pebudiriro, nharaunda, nenharaunda yatinogara. Hazvikurudziri kungotarisa zvakatipoteredza chete uye kumisa budiriro. Uye hazvikurudzire budiriro chero zvodii, kusakoshesa nharaunda nenharaunda… zvinosiririsa kuti nyika neSri Lanka inoita kunge gehena rakada kuita.

Saka pamwe dambudziko iri riri kutiratidza kuti tinofanira kuzvigadzirisa sei. Isu tinofanirwa kushandura mararamiro edu uye kuderedza hutsinye hwedu hwekutengesa uye kudzokera kune zvakakosha. Nyika yakatiratidza nemienzaniso iri pamusoro iyo yakapa nguva nehanya inogona kuzvirapa pachayo.

Dambudziko reCCIDID-19 rinogona kupa mukana wekuchinja, asi Prof. Andrew Cunningham weZoological Society yeLondon, akati: "Ndaifunga kuti zvinhu zvingadai zvakachinja mushure meSARS, yaive yekumuka kukuru - kukanganisa kukuru kwehupfumi chero chirwere chiri kubuda kusvika zuva iroro. Vanhu vese vakaratidza kushamisika nazvo. Asi zvakaenda nekuda kwematanho edu ekudzora. Ipapo pakava nokutura befu kukuru, uye zvakanga zvadzokera kubasa semazuva ose. Hatikwanise kudzokera kubhizinesi semazuva ese. "

Peter Gleick, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze uye muvambi wePacific Institute muBerkeley, California, anoyambira kuti, “Panyaya yekubatsira kwezvakatipoteredza tinoona kubva mukuderera kwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mabasa ehupfumi, maererano nekuvandudza kunaka kwemhepo nezvimwe zvishoma. mabhenefiti, chiratidzo chakanaka chekuti ecosystem yedu yakati dzikamei…

"Asi zvingave zvakanaka kana tikavandudza nharaunda yedu pasina kukanganisa hupfumi hwedu."

Mubvunzo wemamiriyoni emadhora ndewekuti takagadzirira kuchinja here?

Ndinovimba uye ndinonamata kuti amai zvisikwa vari kutipa yambiro yakaoma uye kuti hatina kuvatsamwisa zvisingaite.

“Ini ndiri hunhu, ndichaenderera mberi. Ndakagadzirira kushanduka. Uri?" – kubva Nature Kutaura