Munyika yakaratidzwa nekuparadzana uye kukwikwidzana, shanduko yegirinhi inomiririra zvese zvakakosha uye mukana wezano. Yakamboonekwa seyakatarisana, dhipatimendi yezvakatipoteredza yave kubuda senzira yakakosha yekunzwisisa hukama hwepasirese, kusanganisa kubatana, kukwikwidza, uye pfungwa nyowani dzekuzvitonga kwesimba.
Kusimuka nekubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo itsva yediplomatic
Diploma yezvakatipoteredza yakatanga kuitika muma1970, kutanga ne1972 Stockholm Musangano uye kuwana nzvimbo yemasangano ne1992 Earth Summit muRio. Kuungana uku kwakaisa hwaro hwezvibvumirano zvikuru zvemhoteredzo pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, uye kuva gwenga. Pakutanga vachionekwa sevari kumucheto kune dhipatimendi repamusoro-soro, ivo vakaramba vachikura mukukosha, kunyanya nekuwedzera kukosha kwemisangano yeCOP (Conference of the Parties).
Chibvumirano cheParis cha2015 chakaratidzira shanduko yenhoroondo, inenge nyika yese yakazvipira kudzikamisa kudziya kwepasi. Kupfuura ruzivo rwayo rwehunyanzvi, chibvumirano chinoratidza chido chezvematongerwo enyika chekumisikidza kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza mukutonga kwepasirese. Inoburitsawo mitsara yakadzama pakati peGlobal North neSouth, vanosvibisa nhoroondo uye hupfumi huri kusimukira hunoratidza kuti shanduko yakasvibira yaita sei.
Shanduko yakasvibira sechombo chesimba uye pesvedzero
Nyika dziri kudyara zvakanyanya mukuchenesa matekinoroji, zvinogonekazve, green hydrogen, mabhatiri, uye kabhoni kubatwa. Iyi nhangemutange yekuvandudza iri kugadziridza maindasitiri ehierarchies uye kugadzira vanotsamira patsva. China, semuenzaniso, ndiye mutungamiri wepasi rose mune solar panel uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi, ichizviisa pamwoyo wehupfumi hwekabhoni. Kuchinja kune simba rakachena zvakare kunoshandura kutarisa kubva kumafuta emafuta kuenda kune zvakakosha zvinhu se lithium, cobalt, nickel, uye zvisingawanzo pasi. Izvi zviwanikwa zvakakosha kune tekinoroji yakasvibirira zvakaiswa munyika shoma (seDRC, Chile, neChina), zvichikurudzira kugadziridzwazve. Nyika dziri kumhanya mhanya kuchengetedza cheni dzekugovera uye kuvaka matura ekuchengetedza. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa diplomacy yezvakatipoteredza kuwedzera simba radzo repasi rose. Nyika dzezvitsuwa zvidiki seMaldives neTuvalu, vari panjodzi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, vakawedzera dambudziko ravo kuti vawedzere manzwi avo pasi rose. Vamwe, seNorway kana Canada, vanogadzira mufananidzo wakasvibira kutsigira dzimwe nguva kupokana masimba masimba, zvichiratidza kuti hutungamiriri hwezvakatipoteredza hunogona sei kuita zvido zvenyika.
Kukakavadzana uye kubatana mukutonga kwepasi rose
Kurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunoda kudyidzana kwenyika dzose, asi mazano anosiyana. EU inokurudzira mirau yakasimba (senge kabhoni muganhu wekugadzirisa mashandiro), iyo dzimwe nyika dzinogadzira dzinoona se "green protection". Zvichienderana nehutongi, iyo US inoshanduka pakati pehutungamiriri hwemamiriro ekunze uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, nepo China ichibatanidza dhipatimendi yemamiriro ekunze nekuwedzera kwekutengeserana.
Kunyangwe zvidiki zvine mhosva yekuburitsa kwekare, nyika dziri muGlobal South dzinotambura zvakanyanya nekukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze. Vanoda kucherechedzwa kwekusagadzikana kwavo, kutamiswa kwehunyanzvi, uye mari yakakwana yemamiriro ekunze. Homwe yeGreen Climate Fund, iyo inoda kuunganidza mabhiriyoni zana emadhora pagore, yave mucherechedzo wekutambudzika uku uye nekunonoka kweNorth kuzadzisa mhiko dzayo.
Kushatisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa (semuenzaniso, mvura, minda yekurima, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana) zvinogona kuwedzera kusawirirana, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakatosimba dzakaita seSahel kana Central Asia. Zvakadaro kubatirana kwezvakatipoteredza zvakare chishandiso cherunyararo: mabheseni enzizi akagovaniswa (seNairi kana Mekong), zvibvumirano zvemasango edunhu, uye zvirongwa zvekuyambuka miganhu yezvipenyu zvinoratidzira mukana wegirinhi diplomacy kukurudzira kugadzikana.
Gore rega rega, anopfuura mamirioni gumi nerimwe ematani emarara epurasitiki anoguma mumakungwa, nhamba inogona kupetwa katatu ne11 pasina kurongeka kwekuita kwepasirese. Kusvibiswa uku haingori njodzi yezvakatipoteredza iri kutyisidzira kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa, kusvibisa cheni dzechikafu, uye kuisa hutano hwevanhu mungozi asiwo inyaya yehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika. Mvura yemugungwa inozvidza miganhu yenyika, zvichiita kuti kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kuve dambudziko guru renyika. Nzizi dzakaita seYangtze, Ganges, Mekong, kana kuti Niger dzinotakura chikamu chikuru chemarara aya mumakungwa, zvichireva kudiwa kwekushandira pamwe pakati penyika dziri pedyo nerwizi kuti zvishande zvakanaka kumusoro kwerwizi. Mukupindura kukura kwedambudziko iri, nzanga dzepasi rose dziri kuunganidza. Muna Kurume 2040, United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) yakatanga chirongwa chenhoroondo yekutaurirana chibvumirano chepasi rose chinosunga kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, chinosanganisira kugadzirwa kwayo, kushandiswa, uye kupera kwehupenyu. Chinangwa ndechekusvika pachibvumirano panosvika 2022.
Chirongwa ichi idanho guru remberi. Inoratidza kucherechedzwa kwepamutemo kwekudiwa kwehurongwa hwepasi rose, hwakafanana neChibvumirano cheParis chemamiriro ekunze. Zvisinei, nhaurirano dzave kutoratidza kusiyana: dzimwe nyika huru dzinogadzira mapurasitiki (seUnited States, China, neSaudi Arabia) dzinosarudza mhinduro dzekuzvidira kana dzehunyanzvi, nepo vamwe (kusanganisira EU, Rwanda, nePeru) vachitsigira miganhu yakasimba pakugadzira nekushandisa.
Plastic tsvina manejimendi inomutsa mibvunzo yehuchangamire. Nyika dzinoverengeka muGlobal South, dzakatora marara epurasitiki akatengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuGlobal North seMalaysia, Philippines, neIndonesia vatanga kuramba kana kudzosa marara anotengeswa kunze kwenyika, vachishora yavanoti “marara ekoloni.” Makakatanwa aya anoratidza tsinhiro yakafaranuka yehutongi hwezvipenyu uye kusundidzira kutsanangura patsva mabasa enhoroondo neazvino ekusvibisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kupararira kwe "nzvimbo dzakafa" mumvura yegungwa kunobata zvakananga kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya munzvimbo dzakawanda, kunyanya muWest Africa neSoutheast Asia, kusimbisa pfungwa yokuti kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki inyaya yekuchengeteka kwevanhu.
Mukutarisana neinertia kubva kumasimba makuru, mibatanidzwa mitsva iri kubuda. Chirongwa cheClean Seas, chakatangwa nesangano reUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), chinobatanidza nyika dzinodarika makumi matanhatu dzakazvipira kuderedza mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete. Zvimwe zvirongwa, zvakaita seGlobal Plastic Action Partnership, kubatanidza hurumende, mabhizinesi, uye maNGOs kuti vakurumidze kudzokorodza, kubvisa mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete, uye kusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa.
MaNGOs ezvakatipoteredza, akadai seOcean Conservancy uye Surfrider Foundation, anoita basa risiri pamutemo asi rakakosha remumiriri. Vanonyora kusvibiswa, kupesvedzera nhaurirano, uye kubatanidza kuunganidza vagari venyika dzepasi rose, kushandura kuchenesa mahombekombe kuita chiito chezvematongerwe enyika. Mamwe maNGOs, akadai seOcean Alliance Conservation Member (akakurudzirwa neUnited Nations), ari kufunga patsva maitiro ehupfumi hwenyika kuburikidza nekutaurirana zvakananga kudyidzana. (OACM SOS: Sustainable Ocean Solutions Conservancy Chirongwa) nehurumende nemakambani makuru epasi rose, pamatunhu ese enyika neemuno.
Kudyidzana uku kunogonesa kuvandudzwa kwezvirongwa zvekuchenesa mahombekombe nemahombekombe (White Flag CSMA Certification process / SOCS Sustainable Ocean Cleaning System) kuve nehutsanana hwesaiti, zvitupa zvavo (CSMA Certified SAFE Marine Area), uye kutarisa kwavo vachishandisa matekinoroji matsva (CEPS & GEPN Communication System). Iyi modhi inobatsira kuchengetedza hupfumi hwakasimba, kunyanya iyo yekushanya (Investment Sustainable Ocean Tourism Development), ichichengetedza makungwa, makungwa, madziva, nenzizi.
Kuenda kune yepasi rose eco-diplomacy? Vatambi vatsva, paradigms itsva
Environmental diplomacy haisisiri iyo yakasarudzika nzvimbo yematunhu. Maguta, makambani, NGOs, nheyo, uye mafambiro epasi ari kuwedzera kuita mhinduro chaidzo dzezvakatipoteredza. Mibatanidzwa yakaita seUnder2 Coalition kana C40 Cities inobatanidza mametropolises makuru akazvipira kusarerekera kabhoni. Zvichakadaro, makambani ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuvatengi nemisika ari kutora zvitsidzo zvemamiriro ekunze, mune dzimwe nguva achipfuura hurumende.
Veruzhinji vanoita basa rakakosha mukuumba ajenda yepasi rose yezvakatipoteredza. Kubva kuvaratidziri vechidiki kuenda kumatare makuru ematare, kutaurirana kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuramba kuchifambiswa "kubva pasi." Mafambiro aya ari kutsanangudza hutongi hwakakurumbira hwakatenderedza kudzivirira kwenyika inorarama.
Tichifunga kuoma kwezvinetso zvanhasi, maitiro ehurongwa akakosha. Zvinetso zvemhoteredzo hazvichagoni kuparadzaniswa nekutengeserana, kodzero dzevanhu, kuchengeteka, kana kururamisira kwevanhu. A holistic yezvemamiriro ekunze diplomacy inobata ecology senge lenzi yepasirese yekunzwisisa zvese zvido zvenyika uye kugara zvakanaka. Chiono ichi chinoisa hwaro hwemhando itsva yesimba, girini, kushandira pamwe, uye remangwana.
Environmental diplomacy iri kuumba patsva masimba emasimba enyika. Izvo hazvitsive zvechinyakare geopolitical logics asi zvinozvishandura zvakanyanya. Munyika yakazadzwa nemamiriro ekunze, simba, uye matambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika, inopa nzvimbo yezvose zviri zviviri kunetsana uye kusangana. Inomanikidza nyika kuti dzifunge zvakare zvido zvenguva refu, kudarika kuzvitonga kwenyika, uye kugadzira mutauro mutsva wesimba wakadzika midzi mumutoro, kushandira pamwe, uye kusimba. Remangwana rebudiriro inogoneka richanyorwa kwete mumakamuri ekutaurirana chete asiwo mumatambudziko emuno, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, uye kuunganidza pasi rose. Pamharadzano iyi, iyo geopolitics yezana ramakore rechi21 iri kutora chimiro
