The UNWTO akatsanangura denda razvino sedambudziko rakaipisisa rakatarisana nekushanyirwa kwenyika kubva pakatanga marekodhi muna 1950. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna 2020, pakati peUS$910 bhiriyoni kusvika US$1.2 trillion icharasika mumari inobuda kunze kwenyika kubva kune kushanya uye 100 kusvika 120 miriyoni yemabasa ekushanya ari panjodzi. semugumisiro wezvirambidzo zvekufamba kune dzimwe nyika uye kuderedza kudiwa kwepasi rose.
Kubva pamaonero eCaribbean, The Economic Commission yeLatin America neCaribbean yakataura kuti denda iri riri kukanganisa hupfumi hweLatin America neCaribbean kuburikidza nekunze uye mudzimba zvinhu izvo zvakasanganiswa zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwakanyanya uko dunhu rine. ruzivo kubva pakatanga marekodhi muna 1900.
Sezvinei, Bazi rezvekushanyirwa kwenyika ndiro rakaramba richiomerwa nedambudziko iri. Kushanya kweCaribbean kunotarisirwa kupera ne20-30 % gore rino nevashanyi vanosvika vachidzika ne75% muzvikamu zvitatu zvekupedzisira zva 3. Kuderera uku mukushanya kuri kuderera zvakanyanya basa rehupfumi muCaribbean uye kukura kunofungidzirwa kuti kuchaita chibvumirano ne2020 muzana muna 6.2. Kudzoreredzwa kwekushanya kuchaenderana zvakanyanya nekuti uye riini miganhu yenyika inovhurwa.
Kutungamira Kuedza Kudzorera
The Global Tourism Resilience & Crisis Management Center (GTRCMC) ane basa rekutungamira nharaunda yeCaribbean kuedza kudzoreredza. Tichitarisa kune ramangwana, GTRCMC icharamba ichisimbisa kudyidzana pamwe netiweki yevadyidzani vemunharaunda, yedunhu, nevekunze kuti vaderedze kukonzeresa denda kunzvimbo dzavachaenda pamwe nekuona nzira dzinoshanda dzekupora kwavo uye kuwedzera kugadzirira kwavo uye kupindura. ramangwana rinovhundutsa. Iyo Center inoziva kuti kudzoreredzwa nenguva kwekushanya kwakakosha mukugadzikana kwehupfumi hwedunhu. Kudonha kwezvemagariro nehupfumi kubva mukuvhiringika kwenguva refu kuchikamu chekushanya kungangounza mhedzisiro yakaipa kuCaribbean.
Sangano reInternational Labour Organisation (ILO) rinotsanangura kushanya senzvimbo huru yekuwana mari nemabasa mudunhu reCaribbean. Denda risati rasvika, chikamu chekushanya chakatsigira gumi nematanhatu kubva pamakumi maviri nemasere ehupfumi muCaribbean. Iyo Caribbean ndiyo, chokwadi, inonyanya kutsamira-kushanyirwa pasirese ine gumi pamakumi maviri anonyanya kutsamira nyika dzekushanya munyika dziri munzvimbo inotungamirwa neBritish Virgin Islands ine 16 % inotsamira. Bazi rekufambisa nekushanya rakapa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu neshanu emadhora kumari inosvika bhiriyoni yeCaribbean muna 28. Paavhareji, indasitiri yekushanya inopa zvakananga kusvika kumakumi matatu nenhatu muzana eGross Domestic Product (GDP) uye anopfuura makumi mashanu neshanu muzana emarisiti ekunze. MuAntigua neBarbuda, kushanya kunotora 10% yeGDP, 20% muBelize, 92.6% muBarbados, 59% muDominica, uye 2019% muJamaica.
Indasitiri inopa basa rakananga kuvashandi ve413,000 muCaribbean, vachimiririra, paavhareji, 18.1 muzana yehuwandu hwebasa. Kana basa risiri rakananga uye rinokuchidzirwa richiiswa mukati, fungidziro iyi inogona kukwira kusvika ku43.1 muzana nekugovewa kwakatsveyama kumusoro munyika dzinotsamira pakushanya kuEast Caribbean. Panyaya yebasa rakananga, 48% yevanhu vanoshanda muAntigua neBarbuda vanoshanda mumabasa ane chekuita nekushanya, 41% muBarbados, uye 31% muJamaica.
Tourism inopindirana zvakare nezvakawanda zvezvinangwa zvakakosha zveSustainable Development Goals Agenda. Tourism ibasa rinoda kushanda nesimba rinogadzira mabasa kune vanhu veese mazera uye hunyanzvi mazinga kwete muchikamu chete asi kuburikidza nekukosha kwayo mune mamwe akawanda maindasitiri akadai semaindasitiri etsika, kurima, kuvaka, kugadzira, zvekufambisa, mabasa emaoko, hutano, zvemari. masevhisi kana ruzivo, uye matekinoroji ekutaurirana. Tourism inobatsirawo mukuenzana kwevakadzi nekutsigira kusimudzirwa kwevakadzi mune zveupfumi. Kushanya kweCaribbean kunoona huwandu hwemabasa evakadzi, pakati pe50 ne60 muzana. Tourism inobatsirawo kukurumidzira budiriro yenharaunda nekubatanidza vagari venzvimbo mukusimudzira kwayo uye kupa nharaunda mukana wekubudirira munzvimbo dzavanobva. Kudzikira kwaita zvinhu pari zvino pasina mubvunzo kwasiya nharaunda zhinji dziri munzvimbo dzakatenderedza nzvimbo dzekutandarira dzatarisana nekuparara kwehupfumi kusati kwamboitika.
Global fallout
Hupfumi hunoenderana nekushanyirwa kwenyika hwakadai sehwokuCaribbean zviri pachena kuti huri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekudonha kwehupfumi hwenyika kubva mudambudziko riripo pasi rose. Dunhu reCaribbean rine mambure ekuchengetedza magariro mashoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu veCaribbean, hupfumi, uye ramangwana vane mukana wakakura wekuderedzwa neCCIDID-19 kupfuura nyika dzine hupfumi hwakasiyana. Mudunhu rose, kushaikwa kwemabasa nekushaya mabasa kuri kuwedzera sezvo zviuru zvevashandi vemuindasitiri vakagumurwa vamwe vachiramba vachishanda zvisina tsarukano pasi pemamiriro emaawa akadzikiswa zvakanyanya uye mihoro. Sangano reILO rinoti vashandi vanosvika hafu yemiriyoni vakatarisana nedambudziko rekushaikwa kwemabasa akanaka sekurasikirwa nemabasa, kuderedzwa kwemaawa ekushanda, uye kurasikirwa nemari yavanotambira.
Nehurombo, hurumende dzeCaribbean hadzikwanise kupa mihoro yerubatsiro yezvirongwa sevamwe vavo vakagadziridzwa vakaita seUK neUS. Izvi zvinowedzera dambudziko. Mhedzisiro yekudzikira kwekushanya mudunhu iri yakawedzera zvakanyanya nenyaya yekuti mamwe masosi akakosha emari / mari, mari yekunze yakanangana nekunze, uye mari inotumirwa iri panjodzi zvakare nekuti vatengesi vekutanga - United States, United Kingdom neCanada - vari panjodzi. zvakare vakatarisana nekuvhunduka kwehupfumi.
Kudzikira kwakangoerekana kwaitika, kwakadzika, uye kungangorebesa muchikamu chekufambisa uye kushanya kwaita kuti nyika dzeCaribbean dzinovimba zvakanyanya nekushanya kwekunze kuve nehanya nemari yadzo. Kudzikira kwemari dzinowanikwa nevashanyi kunoreva kuti hurumende dzicharamba dzichitadza kuunganidza mari inokwana kuti dzikwanise kuwana mari dzemabhajeti adzo uye dzinofanira kuvimba zvakanyanya nerubatsiro nezvikwereti zvepasi rose, izvo zvinopa mamwe matambudziko kana tichitarisa kuwanda kwechikwereti chedunhu. Matura ekunze ari kuperawo zvine ngozi munyika dzakawanda.
Izvi zvinorevei kuCaribbean
Kukurumidza kupindura kwehurumende dzematunhu padenda iri maererano nekuvharwa kwemuganhu, zvirambidzo pamusangano weveruzhinji, kutaurirana kwakanangwa, kuenzana kweruzivo pakati peyambiro uye vimbiso, uye kubatana kwechikamu-chikamu kwakabatsira kuchengetedza nyaya dzeCCIDID-19 dzakaderera kune diki redunhu. vanhu. Nekuda kwekusimbaradzwa kwehukama pakati pevanobatanidzwa, kugona kuona njodzi pachine nguva uye kuita mabasa ekudzivirira nekudzora padanho renharaunda kwakawedzerwa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nyanzvi dzezvehutano hweveruzhinji dzichiti kugarisana munharaunda uye kugariswa kwevanhu kwakakosha, kusagadzikana kwehupfumi kunouya nematanho aya kunopa huremu hwakasimba - kunyanya muchikamu chenyika uko kuvimba nekutarisana nekutarisana kwakakwira.
Zviripachena, maCaribbean haagone kuparadzaniswa nemamiriro epasi rose ekuderera tichifunga kuti dunhu rinovimba zvakanyanya nemisika muNorth America neEurope, iyo yakave yakanyanya kurova kusanganisira United States, England, Spain, uye Italy. Kana hupfumi hukuru uhwu hukasasimba nekukasira, iyo nzira yekudzoreredza inotora nguva yakareba muCaribbean. Hupfumi hwenyika zvakare huri kubuda ropa kubva kuCOVID-19-induced recession. Izvi zvinopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti kushanya kunopa US$8.9 trillion kuGDP yenyika kana 10.3% yeGDP yepasi rose; mamiriyoni 330 emabasa, 1 mumabasa gumi pasi rose; 10% yepasi rose masevhisi anotengeswa kunze kwenyika; uye US$28.3 bhiriyoni mukudyara mari.
Zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti kudzoreredza kwekushanya kunofanirwa kuve chinhu chakakosha pamberi pevagadziri vematunhu nevekunze muCaribbean. Kudyidzana pakati pevose vanobatanidzwa - vega, vehurumende, vematunhu, uye vepasi rose - vanofanira, naizvozvo, kusimbiswa kuti vazadzise chinangwa ichi chakagoverwa.
#rekuvakazve
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- Kubva pamaonero eCaribbean, The Economic Commission yeLatin America neCaribbean yakataura kuti denda iri riri kukanganisa hupfumi hweLatin America neCaribbean kuburikidza nekunze uye mudzimba zvinhu izvo zvakasanganiswa zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwakanyanya uko dunhu rine. ruzivo kubva pakatanga marekodhi muna 1900.
- Looking towards the future, the GTRCMC will continue to strengthen collaboration with its network of local, regional, and international partners to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on destinations as well as to identify effective strategies for their recovery and to enhance their preparedness and responsiveness to future shocks.
- The Caribbean is, in fact, the most tourism-dependent in the world with 10 of the 20 most tourism dependent countries in the world being located in the region led by The British Virgin Islands with 92.
