Nhoroondo yehotera: Asia American Hotel Varidzi Sangano 

Asia American Hotel Varidzi Sangano (AAHOA) isangano revatengesi rinomiririra varidzi vehotera. Sezvo wegore ra2018, AAHOA ine vangangoita zviuru gumi nezvisere vane nhengo dzinoshamisa dzinenge hafu yemakumi mashanu emahotera muUnited States. Kana iwe uchirangarira mupfungwa kuti maIndia eAmerica vanoumba isingasviki muzana muzana yevagari vemuAmerica, kukunda kweiyi bhizinesi niche kunoshamisa. Uyezve, vangangoita 18,000% yevaridzi vese vemahotera eIndia vanonzi Patel, zita rinoratidza kuti inhengo dzeGujarati Hindu subcaste.

Chishamiso chehupfumi ichi chakaitika sei? Muridzi wekutanga weIndia muUnited States muUnited States anonzi anga ari mutorwa asiri pamutemo anonzi Kanjibhai Desai uyo akakwanisa kutenga iyo Goldfield Hotel mudhorobha reSan Francisco mukutanga kwema1940.

Makore makumi maviri nematanhatu gare gare muna 1949, mumwe weAsia American wedzinza reIndia akauya kuUnited States achibva kumba kwake padhuze neguta reSurat panguva yekutanga kwekubva pamutemo kubva kuIndia. Bhulabhai V. Patel akanhonga maapurikoti nemazambiringa kuNorth California uye akashanda kumabasa akasiyana siyana kusvikira achengeta zvakakwana kutenga 108-kamuri William Penn Hotel muSan Francisco muna 1960. Pakazosvika 1996, Bhulabhai akange aine zvivakwa zvipfumbamwe muNorth California nemwanakomana wake, Raman. uye muzukuru Pramod. Panguva iyoyo, akashamisika nekukurumidza kukura kwenzvimbo yekugara yeIndia American. "Yakatanga nehotera imwechete", akadaro, "Zvino tave nezviuru."

"Patel" zvinoreva murimi kana muridzi wevhu kuGujarat uko maPatel ari mhuri yekutanga uye yakakura. Nekuda kwekurerutsa kuunganidzwa kwemitero, maBritish akatsanangura, vakapa mamwe mazita uye vakapa mamwe mazita eva "Amin" (mamaneja epurazi) uye vamwe "Desai" (avo vaichengeta mabhuku). Izvo zvinonzi ivo maPatel vane yekutengesa geni muropa ravo uye humbowo hweasidhi hunoratidzika kunge hunoburitsa izvi.

Pakati-ma1970, Patels anobva kuIndia, Africa neAsia vakatanga kuenda kuUnited States uko chero mutorwa anoda kuisa $ 40,000 mubhizinesi aigona kunyorera pekugara zvachose, danho rekutanga kuve mugari. Paive nemikana mishoma yekudyara kwakadai. Maresitorendi aida maHindu Gujaratis kubata nyama, chiitiko chisina kugadzikana. Kupfuurirazve, nzvimbo yekudyira yaida kudyidzana kweumwe neumwe nevashanyi, zvichipesanisa kune vachangobva kusvika. Asi kushungurudzika kwemumugwagwa motels kunogona kutengwa chaiko kune $ 40,000. Uye zvakare, indasitiri yemotel yaive ichidonha zvakashata nekuda kwekurambidzwa kwemafuta uye zvichikonzera kushomeka kwepeturu munyika.

Mumwe piyona wePatel akataura kuti motel “… iri nyore kumhanya. Iwe haudi Chirungu chakatsetseka, chete kuda kwekushanda maawa marefu. Uye, ibhizimusi rinouya neimba- haufanire kutenga imwe imba…. ”

Varidzi vatsva vakaunza hunyanzvi hwebhizimusi uye mhuri dzavo kuti vashandise aya mamota. Vakatanga matekinoroji emazuva ano ekuverenga kuti vatarise iyo yakakosha kuyerera kwemari. Kanokwana kana kuyerera kwemari kwakave mantra yePatels. Kana iyo motel inoshungurudzwa yakaburitsa madhora zviuru gumi pagore mumari uye yaigona kutengwa nemadhora zviuru makumi mana, zvaive zvinobatsira kumhuri inoshanda nesimba.

Vakagadzirisa nekuvandudza mamodheru emvura kuti vavandudze kuyerera kwemari, vakatengesa zvivakwa uye vakatengesa kusvika kumamota ari nani. Izvi zvaive pasina matambudziko. Makambani einishuwarenzi akajairika aisazopa kufukidzwa nekuti vaitenda kuti varidzi vevatorwa vanozopisa ma motels avo. Mumazuva iwayo, mabhangi aisakwanisika kupa zvikwereti. VaPatel vaifanirwa kubhadharana mari uye kuzvivharidzira zvivakwa zvavo.

Muna Chikunguru 4, 1999 New York Times chinyorwa, mutori wenhau Tunku Varadarajan akanyora, "Varidzi vekutanga, nenzira inowirirana neboka rakawanda rinobva kune vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, vakakwenya, vakaenda vasina, vakachengeta masokisi ekare uye havana kumbotora zororo. Ivo havana kuita izvi kwete kungochengetedza mari chete asiwo nekuti kuchengetedza chikamu chehurongwa hwetsika hwakakura, iyo inoona seyese isingakoshi mari seinotambisa uye isingakwezve. Mafungire akatsigirwa nekusafarira mafirita nekusafarira, iyo yakadzika midzi muhunhu hweHindu hunotevedzwa nevaPateri mutsika yavo yenhau sevanoda kukwana zvakakwana.

Vakatenga, vakagadzirisa, vakashanda uye vakatengesa motels kazhinji mumigwagwa mikuru yepakati. Nenguva isipi, zita rekuti "Patel" rakave rakafanana nebhizinesi rehotera. Patels ane yavo motels mumaguta kwese kuUS, kusanganisira Canton (Texas, Mississippi, Michigan neOhio), Burlington (Vermont, Iowa neNorth Carolina), Athens (Georgia, Tennessee neAlabama), Plainview (New York neOhio) uye Longview (Texas neWashington).

Munyori Joel Millman anonyora mukati Vamwe veAmerica (Viking Mabhuku):

“Vatambi vakatora bhizimusi rakarara, rakakura uye vakaripidigura - vachipa vatengi dzimwe sarudzo vachiita kuti zvivakwa zvacho zviwane purofiti. Motels idzo dzakakwezva mabhiriyoni mukuchengetedza kwevatorwa dzakashanduka kuita real estate equity yakakosha mabhiriyoni mazhinji. Iko kuenzana, kunotungamirwa nechizvarwa chitsva, kuri kuverengerwa mumabhizinesi matsva. Zvimwe zvine hukama nekugara (kugadzira motel zvinopihwa); zvimwe zvine chekuita ne real estate (kudzoreredza dzimba dzisingabvumirwe); vamwe vanongova mari vachitsvaga mukana. Iyo Patel-motel modhi muenzaniso, senge New York's West Indian jitneys, yenzira yekune dzimwe nyika danho rinowedzera pie. Uye pane chimwe chidzidzo: hupfumi pahunochinja kubva mukugadzira kuenda kumasevhisi, iyo Patel-motel phenomenon inoratidza maitiro ekutengesa mari angashandura munhu wekunze kuve mutambi wepasirese. Iyo Gujarati modhi yemamotels inogona kuteedzerwa neLatinos mukugadzira nzvimbo, maIndia ekuMadokero mukuchengetwa kwemusha kana maAsia mumabasa evafundisi. Nekushandisa franchise yebhizimusi sebhizinesi remhuri, vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanobatsira vazhinji vanopa rubatsiro kukura. ”

Sezvo kudyara nekuva muridzi zvichikura, vaPatel vakapomedzerwa mhosva dzakasiyana siyana: kupisa, kubirisa cheki dzekufamba dzakabiwa, kudzivirira mitemo yekupinda munyika. Mukuputika kusingafadzi kwe xenophobia,Kakawanda Flyer magazini (Zhizha 1981) yakazivisa, "Kuisa mari kunze kwenyika kwauya kune indasitiri yemotel ... .. zvichikonzera matambudziko akakomba kune vatengi veAmerica nevatengesi. VaAmerica ivavo vari kugunun'una pamusoro pekusavimbika, pamwe nemaitiro ebhizinesi asiri pamutemo: panototaurwa nezvekurangana. ” Magazini iyi yakachema-chema kuti maPatel akawedzera zvine mwero mitengo yemotel kukurudzira kupenga kwekutenga. Chinyorwa ichi chakapedzisa nemashoko asingazivikanwe ane rusaruro, "Makomendi anopfuudzwa pamusoro pemota dzinonhuwirira senge curry uye mazano erima nezvevatorwa vanohaya vanhu veCaucasus kuti vashande kumberi." Chinyorwa chakapedzisa, "Chokwadi ndechekuti vatorwa vari kutamba hardball muindasitiri yemotel uye pamwe kwete zvakanyanya nebhuku remitemo." Kuratidzwa kwakaipisisa kwerusaruraganda kwakadai kwaive kumhanyisa kwemabhangi e "American Owned" akaratidzirwa mune mamwe mahotera munyika. Uku kuratidzwa kwekuvenga kwakadzokororwa mumashure- Gunyana 11 America.

Muchinyorwa changu, "Ungawana Sei American-Varidzi," (Kugara Kwekugamuchira Vaeni, Nyamavhuvhu 2002), ndakanyora,

“Mumashure paSept. 11 America, zviratidzo zvekuda nyika zviri kwese kwese: mireza, maslogani, Mwari Komborera America uye United Tinomira mapepa. Nehurombo, uku kudururwa dzimwe nguva kunodarika miganho yedemokrasi uye hunhu hwakanaka. Mushure mezvose, kuda nyika kwechokwadi kunosanganisira zvakanakisa maficha edu ekutanga, uye zvakanakisa zveAmerica zvinoratidzwa mukusiyana kwazvo. Zvakare, zvakaipisisa kana zvichiratidzwa kana chero rimwe boka richiedza kutsanangura "American" mumufananidzo wavo. Zvinosuruvarisa, varidzi vashoma vemahotera vakaedza kutsanangura yavo vega vhezheni ye "American." Pakupera kwa2002 hotera Pennsylvania muNew York City yakaisa chikwangwani chemukova chaiti "hotera yeAmerica," varidzi vakaedza kuregedza kutsoropodza nekutsanangura, "Nyaya yevaAmerica haina kunyomba kune mamwe mahotera. Tinoda kupa vashanyi vedu ruzivo rweAmerica. Tinoda kuti vanhu vazive kuti vari kuzowana chiitiko cheAmerica. Hatisi kunyatsofarira kuti mamwe mahotera chii kana kuti haasi. ”

Iyi tsananguro ndeye misoro isina musoro sezvainowana. Chii chinonzi "chiitiko cheAmerica" ​​munyika inozvitutumadza pamisiyano yetsika? Chingwa chena chete, imbwa dzinopisa uye kola? Kana iyo inosanganisira zvese hunyanzvi, mimhanzi, kutamba, chikafu, tsika uye zviitiko zvinounzwa nenyika dzakasiyana siyana uye vagari kuAmerican chiitiko? Ndokuwedzera zvakadii kuAmerica? ”

Nhasi AAHOA ndiyo hombe musangano wevaridzi vehotera pasi rese. Nhengo dzayo dzevagari vemuUS vane imwe yemahotera maviri muUS Uine mabhiriyoni emadhora muzvivakwa zvemidziyo uye mazana ezviuru zvevashandi, mahotera ane AAHOA ndivo vanopa rubatsiro munharaunda dzese muUnited States.

Inotorwa kubva mubhuku rangu "Great American Hoteliers: Mapiyona eIhotera Indasitiri"
AuthorHouse 2009

Roosevelt New Orleans Hotel (1893) iri Kukurudzira Kudzoka Kwezvinhu Zvakabiwa

Vatori vechikamu vanodzosera zvinhu zvakadaro vanozokodzera kuhwina kwehusiku-husiku kugara mune imwe yehotera dzakashongedzeka masutu emutungamiri, anodarika madhora zviuru gumi nezvishanu. Roosevelt inoronga kuratidza izvo zvinhu munzvimbo yayo yekutandarira, serekodhi yenhoroondo yehotera. Mushandirapamwe unonzi "Nhoroondo Yekudzosa Makwikwi" yakatangwa kupemberera zuva rekuzvarwa kwegumi nemakumi masere. Vaimbove vashanyi vane kusvika munaChikunguru 15,000, 125 kudzosa zvinhu nekuzvisiya padhesiki kana kuti kuzvitumira mutsamba, akadaro General Manager Tod Chambers.

Munyori, Stanley Turkel, ane masimba anozivikanwa uye mupangamazano muindastiri yehotera. Anoshanda muhotera yake, kugamuchira vaeni uye kuita zvehunyanzvi zvine hunyanzvi mukutarisira kweaseti, kuongororwa kwekushanda uye kushanda kwezvibvumirano zvekutengesa zvehotera uye kupihwa rutsigiro. Vatengi varidzi vemahotera, vatengesi, uye masangano ekukweretesa.

Nyowani Bhuku reIhotera Nearing Kupedzisa

Inonzi "Great American Hotel Architects" uye inotaurira nyaya dzinonakidza dzaWarren & Wetmore, Henry J. Hardenbergh, Schutze & Weaver, Mary Colter, Bruce Price, Mulliken & Moeller, McKim, Mead & White, Carrere & Hastings, Julia Morgan , Emery Roth uye Trowbridge & Livingston.

Mamwe Mabhuku Akaburitswa:

• Vakuru vemuAmerican Hoteliers: Mapiyona eiyo Indasitiri yeHotera (2009)
  • Yakavakwa Kwekupedzisira: Makore 100+ Ekare-Mahotera muNew York (2011)
  • Yakavakwa Kwekupedzisira: 100+ Makore-Akare Mahotera Kumabvazuva kweMississippi (2013)
  • Hotera Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt naOscar veWaldorf (2014)
  • Vakuru vemuAmerican Hoteliers Vhoriyamu 2: Mapiyona eiyo Indasitiri yeHotera (2016)
  • Yakavakwa Kwekupedzisira: 100+ Makore-Akare Mahotera Kumadokero kweMississippi (2017)
• Hotera Mavens Vhoriyamu 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

Ese aya mabhuku anogona zvakare kuodhwa kubva kuAuthorHouse, nekushanya www.vashorganism.ru uye nekudzvanya pamusoro webhuku racho.