Kusaziva, COVID-19 uye Tourism

Zviri nyore kutaura kuti indasitiri yekushanya yakaunzwa pamabvi nekuda kwe Covid-19; zvisinei, mhosva yaizova isina kururama. Mufananidzo wakafara kunosanganisira kusangana kwetsika, zvematongerwo enyika, sainzi, uye geography zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete neutungamiri husina mano zvichikonzera kubviswa kwemamiriyoni emabasa, mabhiriyoni emari yakarasika, uye ramangwana risingazivikanwe uye risingazivikanwe.

Denda harisi basa rezvirwere, rinoratidza chimiro chenzanga; kuti simba rezvematongerwo enyika rinoshandiswa/kushungurudzwa sei muzita rehutano hweveruzhinji; kuti data yehuwandu inounganidzwa sei; kuti zvirwere zvinoonekwa sei uye zvakarongwa uye zvinoenzanisirwa; pamwe chete nenzira iyo nhoroondo dzinorekodhwa, dzakaiswa mumapoka uye dzakagovaniswa.

Pakaonekwa COVID-19 muna 2019, vanyori venhoroondo nemasayendisiti vakatarisa kumashure vasati vabata nezvazvino uye vachifunga nezveramangwana. Nharaunda yesainzi/yehutano yakatarisa nhoroondo yedenda, ichitsvaga patani uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa; zvinosuruvarisa kuti pakanga pasina mabara emashiripiti aizokurumidza kumisa utachiona mumakwara ayo. Pakange pasina nyanzvi dzakakwanisa kudzora chirwere ichi kunyangwe zvazvo zvirwere zvakadai zvakatenderera pasirese kwemazana emakore. Dzanga dzatovepo, zvisinei, dzakanga dziri nzira dzakaedzwa/dzechokwadi dzokudzora hosha dzinobatanidza kucherekedza, kugarisa vanhu vari voga, masiki, uye kugeza maoko, kuyeuchidza mugari wose wenhau (kureva, AIDS; 1918-20, Influenza; 14th century, Black Death) iyo. takanga tavepo tikaita izvozvo. Kutadza kwepasirese mukuronga hutachiona kwaive kusavapo kwehutungamiriri hwakavanzika uye hweveruzhinji vachisiya kugadzirisa matambudziko pamadhesiki evakuru vepasirese vaifarira kuisa purofiti pamberi pechengetedzo, vachihwanda mumimvuri uye vachikoka kufunga kwemashiripiti uye kukurudzira munhu wese kuti atende kuti hutachiona huchanyangarika. pachayo pasina kupindira kwevanhu.

Hurumende yeChina yainge yakaremerwa nekusateerera kune masayendisiti ayo uye kuviga maalarm ayo hutachiona hwaitenderera, ichisarudza kuuraya vatumwa kune meseji. Vatungamiri pamitsetse mikuru yezvikepe vakasarudza kufuratira yambiro kubva kunyika dzeChinese neJapan kuti hutachiona hwapinda munzvimbo dzavo uye vafambi nevashandi vaive vatakuri vezvirwere uye vanoparadzira hutachiona. Vakuru veWorld Health Organisation (WHO) vakasarudza kuchengetedza mahwanda avo ezvematongerwo enyika pane kuzvisimbisa munjodzi iri kukura yehutano, vachiyambira nyika kuti hutachiona uhu hwaiuraya uye hwakapararira nekukurumidza.

Zvirwere Hazvimire Ega

Zvirwere zvinokanganisa uye zvinokanganisa nzanga nemagariro, zvichitsvaira miganhu yemunyika nekunze, zvichitungamira kubva mukusaziva kuenda kune zvakazarurwa, kubva kumunhu kuenda kune pamwe zviito, mukuyedza kudzora kusarongeka kwechirwere. Pakupedzisira chirwere chinozorora mumambure enhoroondo, uye zvidzidzo zvinodzidzwa zvinonyangarika mumatome asina kujeka anounganidza guruva pamasherufu enyanzvi dzekurapa nevatungamiriri vehurumende. Zvinosuruvarisa, mugumo usati waoneka, mamiriyoni evanhu anorwara zvakaipisisa uye zviuru zvinofa zvisina basa.

Zvematongerwo enyika kana Bhizinesi

Nepo kutanga kwesainzi kweCCIDID-19 kuri munharaunda dzehutano pasi rose, kutapurirana kwayo kwakabatana zvakanyanya nehunhu hwevanhu, kudzivirira indasitiri uye kuramba hurumende. Maitiro akajairika ekubata maoko, kutsvodana pamatama nemiromo, kuteya vafambi vanotora nguva munzvimbo dzendege dzepasi rose, zviteshi zvezvitima uye nzvimbo dzezvikepe zvechikepe, hurumende dzine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika kupfuura hupenyu hwevanhu, zvese zvakatora chikamu mukuchimbidza kupararira kwenharaunda. utachiona.

Kunyangwe mwedzi gumi neimwe mudenda nyika yakamirira neshungu nhau dzedzimwe nyaya uye, inobata mweya wayo wekufanotaura kufa kutsva sekumirira kufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze uye musika wemasheya. Nehurombo, ruzivo urwu rwave, zvakanyanya, rusingavimbike, nekuti iyo data yakabatanidzwa kune zvishuwo uye nehungwaru hwehutungamiriri husina kujeka, uye hunhu husingatarisike hwevanhu. Kunyangwe nanhasi, nekuziviswa kwekuwanikwa kwejekiseni zvinoita sekunge chiitiko ichi ibasa rakakura kwazvo rekudyidzana neveruzhinji kwete nzira ine musoro yekumisa iyo COVID-11 yekuparadza uye kupererwa.

Njodzi

Epidemics inotsanangurwa nekusava nechokwadi kwavo. Muzana remakore rechi21, vezvesainzi, vezvematongerwo enyika, hurumende nevatungamiriri vemasangano akazvimirira vanotarisirwa kuziva mhinduro dzese; zvisinei, hazvibviri kuti chero munhu ave neruzivo rwakakwana muchiedza chechirwere chitsva chisina kuvharwa nemiganhu yenyika kana zvidzidzo zvekare zvesayenzi. MuThe Lancet (1953), magazini yezvokurapa yeEngland, mukati medenda rechitatu rekorera yenyika, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuti, “Hatina chatinoziva, tiri mugungwa, muchamupupuri chefungidziro.”

Zvaibvira uye zvinogamuchirika muzana remakore rechi19 kubvuma “kusaziva;” zvisinei, muzana remakore rechi21, pane kubvuma kusaziva uye kuita zvikanganiso semugumisiro wekushaya ruzivo, ruzivo uye ruzivo, vatungamiri vanotya mumumvuri, vanoramba kupindura mibvunzo yevatori venhau, uye vanoramba chero ruzivo kana ruzivo. kufarira kutsvaga zvinokonzeresa uye zvigadziriso (kureva, Barbados uye kuyedza kusimba kwekutangazve rwendo). Kunyangwe muna Zvita 2020, rinenge gore rakazara kubvira COVID-19 yatanga kutonga hupenyu hwedu, chikonzero, mhedzisiro, marapiro uye nzira dzekudzivirira dzinoramba dziri munzvimbo ye "zvisingazivikanwe" uye zviito zvakawanda zvinoitwa zvinowira mukirasi yehupenzi kana kungojeka. stupid.

Nhoroondo, kutonga kwedenda kwakaramba kuri mumaoko evakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vakataurirana, vakagadzira, vakashandisa uye vakazarura nzira yehutano hwakanaka. Vatungamiriri vehurumende nevezvematongerwo enyika vakatungamirira kuburikidza nekuronga nekuparadzirwa kwemishonga yepachena, kuunganidza nekuparadzira ruzivo uye kune avo vanotevera nzira yechitendero, vachikurudzira kunamata kwakakodzera. Maitiro ekuChina kuWuhan denda akakwevera kune ane hutongi, epamusoro-pasi manejimendi modhi, achishandisa zano rakaitwa panguva yekusangana nechibhokisi, maperembudzi uye denda repneumonic.

Imwe modhi iripo, nzira inoonekwa se "yakanaka" nyika. Dzinza roumambo (960-1279 CE), rakagamuchira pfungwa yetsitsi; iyo nyika ine hanya inogona kupa vagari vayo, ichipa mazano ekusimudzira hutano, kutanga mawadhi evarwere uye nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzemishonga. Yekutanga yanga iri nzira yakashandiswa naTrump inotungamirwa neWhite House, vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa veRepublican uye vatariri vebazi rakazvimirira, ukuwo timu nyowani yeBiden ichiita kunge iri kuwana nzira yeBenevolent State.

Post Chokwadi Era. Kugadzirwa Kwekusaziva

Dambudziko rakatarisana nehutungamiriri hweBiden parinenge richiyedza kugadzirisa dambudziko repasi rose uye dambudziko rehupfumi, ndiro gwanza rakakura mumadhatabheti rinofanirwa kuve rakashoreka pakutsvagisa kwakanaka uye kwakaringana - kufukidza nguva dzenguva dzakadzokera kuMutungamiri George W. Hutongi hwaBush. Nehurombo, United States yanga ichirarama mukati menguva iyo zvakawanikwa nesainzi zvakatsikirirwa kana zvakakanganisa zvigaro zvezvematongerwo enyika zviripo. Mumakore ekuma1980, Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan vakaramba kushandisa izwi rekuti AIDS uye nyika ichiri kutambura kubva kuMutungamiriri Richard Nixon's Drug Enforcement Agency, (1971) uko zvinodhaka zvakaita sembanje, LSD uye psilocybin zvakaonekwa seChirongwa 1, zvichiburitsa kurambidzwa kutsvagurudzo yekiriniki. mukushandiswa kwemishonga iyi mishonga.

Kusavimbika kwechokwadi uye kukosha kwekutsvagisa kunoenderera mberi muna 2021. Vaongorori veterevhizheni vanoramba vachikakavadzana nezvekuvapo kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyangwe kunyungudika kwemazaya echando ekare, uye nyika yese inonyangarika panguva yemadutu nematsunami. Maawa anopedzwa mukukakavadzana kuti vana vanofanira kuvharirwa mumakeji kwemwedzi yakawanda here, vachiparadzaniswa nevabereki vavo, uye kusava nechokwadi kana hurongwa hwose hwacho hunofanira kunzi Misasa Yevasungwa.

Kudzvinyirirwa Kwemashoko

VaTrump nevatungamiriri vebhizinesi vakashingairira kusimudzira "agnotology" kudzidza kwekugadzira nemaune kwekusaziva. Masangano ezvematongerwo enyika nemakambani makuru (kureva, fodya, mishonga, oiri, kurima, mabhanga, mitsara yerwendo, makambani endege, kushanya) anodzvinyirira ruzivo kuti ruenderane nezvinangwa zvavo zvehupfumi kana zvepfungwa. Kukakavadzana kwesayenzi kunoshandiswa nevose vari vaviri masangano ehurumende neakazvimirira oga, kwete sechigadzirwa chisingadzivisiki chokusaziva asi sechimwe chinhu chinogadzirwa nokuchengetwa nefariro dzine simba kuparira kusava nechokwadi.

Tourism Leadership Vacancies

Denda reCCIDID-19 rakabatana nezvematongerwo enyika, zvakabatana nevateereri vemunharaunda, vepasirese uye vekunze mupfungwa, kugadzira nzira yechirwere uye mhinduro. Muchena wechirume aitonga zvematongerwo enyika uye mubatanidzwa chimiro chakavharika, kufuratira uye kusarura vakadzi nevanhu vemavara. Kuuya nekurerwa kwedenda iri kwagonesa hutungamiriri kubvisa huwandu hukuru hwevakadzi pamusika, vachivamanikidza kuti vadzoke kumba kuzoita zvinodiwa nemhuri. Vakadzi nevanhu verudzi rwakabata mabasa mazhinji muindasitiri yekushanya, uye kufa kwayo kwasiya vanhu ava vasina mabasa, vasina mabhenefiti uye netariro shoma yeramangwana rakajeka.

Isu tanga tichirarama munguva inokurudzirwa nekukwira kwepopulism inokurudzira kusavimba kwehunyanzvi, kukurudzira vanhu kuti vavimbe nezviitiko zvavo pane kutarisa uye kuvimba nenyanzvi uye nyanzvi muminda yavo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kusavimbika kwenyanzvi kuita zvine musoro kune chokwadi chekuti makambani ane pesvedzero huru pamagadzirirwo, kugadzirwa uye kugovera izvo zvinoburitswa muether se "ruzivo rwesainzi," kana iri hunyengeri sezvigadzirwa. kuburitsa makemikari anouraya munharaunda, cheni yechikafu uye masisitimu ehutano.

Mumwe mukuru mukuru weindasitiri yefodya anonzi akati, “Kusava nechokwadi ndicho chigadzirwa chedu.” Kwemakore anoda kusvika 70 kubva pakuparara kwefodya kuchizivikanwa sechokwadi, veindasitiri yefodya vakambokurudzira kuti pave nekusawirirana panyaya iyi. Kubva pakuburitswa kwenhau, kutsvagisa mari yekunyepedzera, kumisa masangano epamberi esainzi, kunyengera kwemitemo yemitemo, kutarisisa kwe "kutsvagisa zvine hushamwari" kuti zvibudiswe munhau dzinozivikanwa, uye kumwe kufambiswa kunotungamirwa nevatengi kwemashoko asiri iwo, dhizaini inoramba ichitsigira kutengeswa kwepagore pasi rese. yemidzanga inopfuura matiririyoni 5, inosvuta nevanhu vakapwiswa kuti “zvichida” kusvuta hakukuvadzi.

Kubva pakati pema1950 - 1990, Council for Fodya Research, inotsigirwa nevagadziri vakuru vefodya, yakashandisa madhora mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mashanu pakutsvakurudza nechinangwa chekuvhiringidza veruzhinji netsvakiridzo yepamutemo yezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye zvinoparira zvakadai senjodzi dzebasa. Panzvimbo pekupikisa hukama hwakasimba uye hwakasimba pakati pekuputa negomarara, chinangwa cheindasitiri chaive chekumisa chirevo ichi nekutaura, "tinoda kumwe kutsvagisa." Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vavariro huru yevezvematongerwe enyika, vezveupfumi, vatori venhau, uye vakuru vakuru vebhizimisi ndeyokudyara kusava nechokwadi nokusaziva pakati pavanhu; izano rezvematongerwo enyika uye kubatana pakati peruzivo nesimba. 

Kusaziva kwakabatana nesimba ndiye muvengi mukuru wedemocracy. Mutungamiri wenyika, VaDonald J. Trump, vanoramba kutapa nhau kwakasimba se "nhau dzemanyepo," uye vashoma kupinda mukugadzwa kwePresident kunoonekwa se "dzimwewo chokwadi." Indasitiri yendege, ichiedza kunyengerera veruzhinji kuti kubhururuka kwakachengeteka yakahaya Harvard University kugadzira chirongwa chekutsvagisa, zvichiratidza kuti kubhururuka kwaiunza njodzi yakaderera yekutora SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) nekuda kwemasefa emhepo uye mask zvinodiwa. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti njodzi yaive yakaderera zvisinei nenzvimbo yechigaro (kureva, pakati, nzira kana hwindo).

Icho chisiri chikamu chekuedza kukuru kwehukama neveruzhinji inyaya yekuti tsvakiridzo yakavakirwa pamamodheru uye nekudaro kurudziro yakavakirwa padhata rakagadzirwa pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa uye vafambi vanofanirwa kunge vasina zviratidzo zveCCIDID-19, kutevedzera zvese zvirevo zvendege zvinosanganisira zvemuviri. kureba panguva yekukwira uye kutsanangura (dhigirii rekudzivirira - kutariswa). Mukuwedzera, gedhi uye vashandi vendege vanofanira kusimbisa kutevedza. Kuedza kwehukama neveruzhinji kwakasimudzira misoro yenyaya yaive shoma, kusanganisira: "Chidzidzo cheHarvard: Yakaderera Inflight Covid-19 Kutapurirana Pakati PeMasked, Vapfuuri Vari Kure" (businesstravelnews.com), uye "NeMatanho Akakodzera Kubhururuka Kunogona Kuchengetedzeka Kupfuura Kudya muRestaurant. Munguva yeDenda, Kudzidza Anoti (washingtonpost.com).

Kunyangwe vaongorori vachisimbisa ongororo yavo yemhedzisiro sekusarerekera, uye ichisimbisa mhedziso dzakaburitswa neDhipatimendi reDziviriro (kusawirirana kwehutachiona donhwe rakadzingwa nemufambi ane hutachiona - 3 mu1000) - KANA, munhu wese akapfeka mask, izvo zvisiri kuburitswa pachena. , inyaya yekuti chidzidzo cheHarvard chakapihwa mari neindasitiri yendege.

Pamusoro pezvo, chimwe chokwadi chaive chisiri chikamu chechidzidzo kana mushandirapamwe wehukama neveruzhinji wakaperekedza kuburitswa kwechishumo yaive European infectious disease research yeEurosurveillance Journal report yakaratidza kutapukirwa kwevapfuuri gumi nevatatu mundege yekutengeserana ine vanhu makumi mana nevasere nevashandi gumi nevaviri. mundege ine zvigaro 13 nevapfumbamwe vevatakuri vane utachiona vakapfeka masiki, uye mumwe (mwana ane gore rimwe chete). Vafambi vacho vaibva kumakondinendi matatu akasiyana-siyana vachibatana nenhandare huru yendege yepasi rose kuti vaende kuIreland. Chirevo ichi chakabatanidza kupararira kweCCIDID-48 kusvika makumi mana nevaviri vanhu muIreland (kubva kune vafambi gumi nevatatu).

Veruzhinji vane nzara yetsvakurudzo yakavakirwa pasainzi isina rusaruro; zvisinei, pane chokwadi chiripo chekuti indasitiri nehurumende vanogona kudyidzana kuti vabudise ruzivo rwusiri chinangwa. Mutengi anonzwisisa kuti zvishuwo zvine simba zvinounza “ruzivo uye matekinoroji” akagadzirirwa kushandira mubatanidzwa kwete kubatsira veruzhinji.

Indasitiri Inofambisa Kupararira

Vafambi vanopinza zvirwere pavanenge vachipfuura nemuEurope, Asia, Africa nepasirese. Kufamba kwevanhu vachiyambuka miganhu pamwe nekuwedzera kwekufamba kwekutengeserana nemabasa kunonetsa kudzora kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Kufamba kwakawedzera kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwepasi rose kwendege uye cruise line maindasitiri. Nekukura uku kunouya njodzi yezvirwere zvitsva sezvo vanhu vari kuoneswa hutachiona hutsva hunopararira kuburikidza nekufambisa kwenyika. Kunyange vamwe vakaedza kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekugadzirisa kupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira (kureva, SARS-2003; EVD kubuda-West Africa - 2014; COVID-19, 2019-2020) zviri pachena kuti hurongwa hwepasirese hwazvino hausi kushanda. Denda rinotyisidzira hutano hweveruzhinji uye hupfumi hwenyika, hunotsigirwa nehotera iri kukura, maindasitiri ezvekushanya uye hutungamiriri hweindasitiri hunoratidzika kunge husingakwanisi uye/kana kusada kugadzirisa basa ravo mukufambisa dambudziko nekutsvaga mhinduro.

Kunonoka Kupindura

Dai masayendisiti, hurumende, WHO nevatungamiriri vemabhizinesi vakapindura nekukurumidza kuCCIDID-19 (mukati memavhiki maviri), tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti zvirambidzo zvekufamba zvingadai zvakashanda 2 muzana pamwe nekuvharwa kwemuganhu, kudzivirira kufamba kwevafambi vane hutachiona. Chikamu che99 muzana chezvirambidzo pakufamba nendege kureba chingave chanonotsa kupararira kwedenda. Kutya kuoma kwehupfumi hakufanire kuve chikonzero chekuchengeta miganhu yakavhurika kana denda raonekwa. Imwe nzira kana imwe, pachava nekuoma kwehupfumi. Kutya zvirango zvehupfumi uye kushorwa munharaunda kunogona kuzivikanwa uye kutungamirira zviremera kuti zvisareporter data mudenda, zvichiisa panjodzi yehutano hweveruzhinji zvinotitungamira kumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa atiri kusangana nawo.

Kugadzirira - Kwete Kudzivirira

Sezvo nyika ichipinda muna 2021, pfungwa yekugadzirira inopesana nekudzivirira inofanira kunge iri chinangwa chekuronga matambudziko anotevera ehutano. Zvakapesana nedenda hakusi kushaikwa kwechirwere asi chirwere chechirwere - kuparadzirwa kwechirwere kunoonekwa sechinhu chakajairika uye chepamba uye chinogamuchirika. Kuwedzera kwekufamba kwepasirese, kushanya uye kutengeserana kuchaunza matambudziko matsva ekurapa kune ese epasi rose akabatanidzwa.

Zviitwa zvevanhu ndizvo zvinokonzeresa kutapurirana nekupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Zvinogoneka kutarisana nechirwere ichi uye kutora matanho anowanikwa ekudzikisa njodzi yekutapurira uye kupararira nekuchinja maitiro evanhu nekuita zvirinani hurongwa hwekunyevera uye hunobudirira hwekudzivirira nekudzivirira zvirwere, kusanganisira kuongorora kwepasirese, kuda kwezvematongerwo enyika, kudyidzana kwemarudzi akawanda kwevose vanobatanidzwa - kushanda pamwechete kuona, corral uye pakupedzisira kubvisa kutyisidzira mune ramangwana.

Nyika dzine zvivakwa uye zvekushandisa zvisina kukwana uye kushaya ruzivo maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwemurabhoritari uye biosecurity idzo dzakakonzera kupararira kwechirwere ichi kupasi rose, dzinofanirwa kuzvidavirira. Vanhu vanobata utachiona, kunyanya mavhairasi, vanofanirwa kudzidziswa kuitira kuti vasafumure vashandi vehutano mukusvibiswa kwakanyanya. Kubva kuvashandi vehutano nevashandi vemurabhoritari, kuvanachiremba navanamukoti nevashandi vanotsigira, kudzidziswa uye dzidzo zvinofanirwa kugoverwa uye kwete kuregedzerwa kana kuganhurirwa kune vashoma chete. Iwo akati wandei nhanho uye maficha ekugamuchira vaenzi, ekufambisa uye indasitiri yekushanya inofanirwa kuve chikamu chehurukuro sezvavari kumberi, kusangana nekukwazisa vafambi pavanosvika panhandare dzendege, zviteshi zvezvikepe uye zviteshi zvechitima, uye vachidyidzana navo padyo pa24. /7/365 hwaro.

Kune ramangwana reindasitiri yekushanya, asi - kana ichizobudirira, inofanirwa kunge iri chikamu chemhinduro, sezvo chatova chikamu chikuru chedambudziko.

© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori

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