Impact uye nzira yekumberi kuAfrica pamaitiro ekurarama COVID-19

The African Tourism Bhodhi yakasimbisa iyo COVID-19 Yekushanya Task Force pasi pehutungamiriri hwaDr Taleb Rifai naAlain St. Ange kutungamira indasitiri yeAfrican Travel and Tourism kuburikidza nedambudziko reCoronavirus.

African Union ichangoburitsa gwaro pamusoro pesimba reCoronavirus paAfrican Economy.

Kubva muna Kubvumbi 9, kupararira kwehutachiona kwasvika 55 Nyika dzeAfrica: 12,734 1,717 kesi, 629 kupora uye 19 kufa; uye haisi kuratidza zviratidzo zvekudzikira. Africa, nekuda kwekuvhurika kwayo kutengeserana kwepasirese uye kutama, haina dziviriro kumhedzisiro inokuvadza yeCOVID-XNUMX.

Mushure mehutachiona hwekutanga muChina pakupera kwe2019, chirwere cheCoronavirus (COVID-19) chakaramba chichipararira pasirese. Hapana kondinendi yakakwanisa kupukunyuka hutachiona uhu, iyo yakarekodha huwandu hwepakati pekufa kweinenge 2.3% (Sekureva kweChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Parizvino, panga pave nevanhu vangangoita zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe nezviuru vakafa nevanhu vanopfuura mamirioni 96,000 vakatapukirwa uye vanowana makumi matatu nematanhatu.

Yakaziviswa denda neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) musi wa11 Kurume 2020, COVID-19 yave yenjodzi yepasirese, zvichipa mhedzisiro yayo pahuwandu hwepasi rose nehupfumi. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekufananidzirwa eInternational Monetary Fund (IMF), kukura kwepasirese kunogona kudonha ne0.5 yegore ra2020.

Mamwe masosi akati wandei ari kufungidzira kudonha mukukura kwepasirese nekuda kwemhedzisiro yakanangana nekubuda kwe COVID-19. Hupfumi hwepasirese hunogona kupinda mumatambudziko angangoita muhafu yekutanga yegore ra2020, kana ichiwedzera mhedzisiro uye zvisina kunangana nedambudziko (semuenzaniso kupa uye kuda kushamisika, kuderera kwezvinhu, kuwira kune vanosvika mukushanya, nezvimwewo). Nekudaro, sezvo denda richienderera zvishoma nezvishoma kukondinendi ye Africa, zvidzidzo nemasangano epasi rese hazvina kugadzirisa zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwehupfumi kune nyika dzeAfrica. Chokwadi, Africa haina kudzivirirwa kubva kuCovid19. Kubva nhasi, sekureva kweCovid19 Kuongorora uye exo native.

Mhedzisiro inowoneka inobva mukushambadzira kwakananga pakati penzvimbo dzakabatana dzemakondinendi senge Asia, Europe neUnited States; ushanyi; kudzikira kwemitero kubva kuAfrica Diaspora; Kunze Kunze Investment uye Yepamutemo Development Rubatsiro; mari zvisiri pamutemo kuyerera uye musika wemari wemari unosimbisa, nezvimwe.

Mhedzisiro inokonzeresa inoitika nekuda kwekupararira kweutachiona munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica.

Kune rimwe divi, zvakabatanidzwa nekurwara uye kufa. Kune rimwe divi, ivo vanotungamira mukukanganisa zviitiko zvehupfumi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera, kuderera kwekudiwa kwemumba mumitero yemitero nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemafuta nemitengo yezvinhu pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwemari yeruzhinji kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye kutsigira zviitiko zvehupfumi.

Ini.2. Zvinangwa

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uongorore mamiriro ehupfumi nehupfumi hwe COVID-19, kunyangwe hosha iri padanho risinganyanyo kusimukira mu Africa, nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hushoma hwevatorwa vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanoenderana neAsia, Europe, uye North America uye nhanho dzakasimba dzekuchengetedza. mune dzimwe nyika dzemu Africa. Hupfumi hwemu Africa hunoramba husina kurongeka uye hwakashamaika uye hunowanikwa nekuvhunduka kwekunze. Muchidzidzo ichi, tinoshandisa nzira inoenderana nezviitiko, kuyera kukanganisa kungaita denda iri pamatanho akasiyana ehupfumi hwemuAfrica. Nekuda kwekuoma kwekuyera chaiko kukonzeresa nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi, kukurumidza kuchinja kwechimiro chedenda, uye kushomeka kwedata, basa redu rinotarisa pakunzwisisa mhedzisiro yezvehupfumi nehupfumi kuitira kuti titaure marongero emutemo kupindura dambudziko. Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva kuongororo izvi zvinopa kujekeserwa kwakawanda munzira yekuenda kumberi, sezvo kondinendi iri muchikamu chakakomba chekuzadzikiswa kweNyika Yemahara Yekutengesa Nzvimbo (AfCFTA).

I.3. Maitiro uye Maumbirwo

Iyo bepa rinopa mamiriro azvino ehupfumi epasirese uye inoongorora izvo zvinogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwepasirese. Zvichienderana nerondedzero yezvakakosha zviratidzo zvehupfumi hwemuAfrica zviitiko zvitatu zvakavakwa.

Mushure mezvo, tinoongorora kukanganiswa kwehupfumi hwemu Africa pane chimwe nechimwe chezviitiko uye toburitsa mamwe matanho akakosha akatorwa neveMamwe Nyika eAfrican Union. Pepa rinopera nemhedzisiro uye yakakosha marongero emutemo

IZVOZVINO DZENYIKA DZEMUNYIKA DZEMAZVIMBO

Dambudziko rakakonzerwa nedenda recoronavirus riri kudzikisira hupfumi hwenyika kusvika pakadzika isingazivikanwe kubvira Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri, ichiwedzera kunhamo dzehupfumi hwaitove kutambura kuti hugadzikane kubva mudambudziko rapamberi ra2008. Kunze kwekukanganisa kwahwo hutano hwevanhu (hwakavezwa nehurwere uye kufa), COVID-19 iri kukanganisa hupfumi hwepasi rose hwakabatana kuburikidza nechero wepasi rose maketani, ayo anoverengera dzinenge hafu yekutengeserana kwepasirese, zvinowira kamwe kamwe mumitengo yezvinhu, mari yemari, mareti ekuchinjana ekunze, kuyerera kwemari yekunze, zvirambidzo zvekufamba, kudzikira kwekushanya nemahotera, musika wevashandi vechando, nezvimwe.

Denda reCovid-19 rinokanganisa hupfumi hwenyika hwese, kufanotaura dambudziko rakakura rezvehupfumi mu2020.

European Union, United States neJapan vanoverengera hafu yeGDP yenyika. Hupfumi uhwu hwakavakirwa pakutengeserana, masevhisi nemaindasitiri. Zvisinei, matanho ekumisa denda iri akavamanikidza kuvhara miganhu yavo uye nekudzora zvakanyanya zviitiko zvehupfumi; izvo zvinozotungamira kuderera kwehupfumi mune dzimwe dzehupfumi hwakasimukira. Hupfumi hweChinese hune chikamu chinosvika gumi nezvitanhatu kubva muzana cheGDP yepasi rose uye ndiyo mubatanidzwa mukuru wezvekutengesa nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica nepasi rose. OECD inofungidzira kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekukura kwehupfumi kweiyi hupfumi hukuru seinotevera: China 16% pachinzvimbo che4.9%, Europe 5.7% pachinzvimbo che0.8%, nyika dzese 1.1% pachinzvimbo 2.4%, neGDP yenyika ichidonha ne2.9 kubva kota yekutanga ya0.412. UNCTAD inofungidzira kudzikira kwekumanikidza kune vekunze kudyara mari kubva -2020% kusvika - 5%. Mari yepasi rose

Fund yakazivisa musi wa 23 Kurume 2020 kuti varimi vakabvisa madhora mazana masere emamiriyoni makumi masere nemasere emamiriyoni eAmerica kubva pakatanga dambudziko.

Sekureva kweWorld Economic Outlook yeIMF, kukura kwepasirese kwakafungidzirwa kuve 2.5% muna 2020, kuwedzera kudiki zvichienzaniswa ne2.4% muna2019, nekuda kwekutangazve zvishoma nezvishoma kwekutengeserana nekudyara.

Mune hupfumi hwepamberi, kudzikira kubva ku1.6% kusvika ku1.4% kwaifungidzirwa, kunyanya nekuda kwekushomeka kunopfuurira kwemaindasitiri ekugadzira. OECD yakadzikisira fungidziro yayo yehupfumi hwenyika, zvichiratidza kuti kukura kwepasirese kunogona kudonha kusvika pa1½% muna 2020, hafu yemutengo wakatarwa pamberi pehutachiona kuputika. Nekudaro, kunyangwe hazvo zvakaoma kuyera mhedzisiro yeECVID-19 pahupfumi hwenyika, zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakaumbwa zvinogona kuratidza kuti hupfumi hwenyika huchavhiringidzwa sei:

Kudonha kwakakura mumitengo yezvinhu. Mitengo yemafuta yakarasikirwa ne50% yemutengo wayo ichidonha kubva paUS $ 67 dhiramu kusvika pazasi peUS $ 30 dhiramu

Mukupindura kutsigirwa kwemafuta emafuta asina kubikwa akarohwa nechirwere cheCoronavirus chirwere, vagadziri vemafuta vakakurudzira kudzikisa kugadzirwa, sezvo vanhu vanodya zvishoma uye vachiderera mukufamba. Boka revatengesi veOiri OPEC rakabvuma kucheka mabharanzi nemamirioni 1.5 mamirioni pazuva (bpd) kusvika muna Chikumi uye chirongwa ichi chaive cheasina-OPEC nyika, kusanganisira

Russia, kutevedzera maitiro. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika sezvo Saudi Arabia musi wa 08 Kurume yakazivisa kuti ichawedzera kugadzirwa, izvo zvakawedzera hondo dzemafuta sezvo nhengo dzisiri dzeOPEC dzakadzorera, zvikakonzera kudonha kwemitengo yemafuta.

Kunonoka kwegore ra2014 kwemafuta emafuta asina kuchena kwakakonzera kudzikira kukuru mukukura kweGDP kweSub-Saharan Africa kubva pa5.1 muzana muna 2014 kusvika pa1.4 muzana muna 2016. Munguva yechiitiko ichocho, mitengo yemafuta asina kubikwa yakaderera ne56 muzana pamwedzi minomwe. Kuderera kwazvino kwemitengo yemafuta asina kuwedzerwa kwave kuchikurumidza, nevamwe vaongorori vachiratidza kudzikira kwakanyanya kwemitengo kupfuura muna 2014. Ikozvino, mitengo yemafuta asina kubikwa yadonha ne54 muzana mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura kubvira kutanga kwegore, nezvazvino mitengo inodonha pazasi pemadhora makumi matatu pabhari. Mitengo yemafuta asiri emafuta yakadzikirawo kubva munaNdira, nemitengo yegasi nesimbi zvakadzikira ne30 muzana uye 30 muzana, zvichiteerana (Brookings Institution, 4). Aluminium yakawirawo ne2020%; mhangura 0.49% uye tungamira 0.47%. Cocoa yakarasikirwa ne1.64% yehunokosha mumazuva mashanu apfuura.

Mitengo yepasi rose yezvinhu zvakakosha zvekudya, senge mupunga uye gorosi, zvinogona kukanganisa nyika dzemu Africa. Nyika dzinoverengeka dzemu Africa vatengesi vezvigadzirwa izvi. Dai COVID-19 kubuda kwaizogara kusvika kupera kwa2020 kana kupfuura, ipapo mubvunzo unenge uri wekuti mitengo yezvigadzirwa izvi ichachinja sei

Aviation uye yekufambisa indasitiri ndeimwe yeanokanganisa chikamu.

Mari yeindasitiri yeAviation yaive madhora mazana masere nemakumi masere nemakumi matatu emadhora muna830. Mari idzi dzakafungidzirwa pamadhora mazana masere nemakumi masere nemaviri mugore ra2019. Sezvo huwandu hwehutachiona hutsva huri kuramba huchiwedzera munzvimbo dzese dzenyika, hurumende dziri kushanda zvisina simba kudzora kutapuriranwa. Nyika zhinji dzakagumisa kure-kure. Pa872th Kurume 2020, iyo yepasi rose

Air Transport Association (IATA) yafungidzira kuti Covid-19 inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya indasitiri uye kukonzera kurasikirwa kweUS $ 113 bhiriyoni. Iyi nhamba inotarisirwa pasi sezvo nyika zhinji dziri kuvhara miganhu yavo uye hapana anoziva kuti dzinovhurwa riini.

Indasitiri yezvekushanya iri kusanganawo nematambudziko akafanana. Maererano neUnited Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) fungidziro yazvino, kuchave nekudonha kunotarisirwa kudonha kuri pakati pe20-30% iyo inogona kushandura mukudzikira kwemarisiti ekushanya kwenyika (kunze) pakati peUS $300-450 bhiriyoni, ingangoita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheUS $ 1.5 tiririyoni yakagadzirwa muna 2019. Tichifunga nezvemaitiro emusika apfuura, zvinoratidza kuti pakati pemakore mashanu kusvika manomwe ekukura kwaizorasika nekuda kweCoronavirus. Kuunzwa kusati kwamboitika kwezvirambidzo zvekufamba pasirese, vashanyi vepasirese vanosvika vachadonha ne20% kusvika 30% muna 2020 kana vachienzaniswa nehuwandu hwa2019. Mamirioni mazhinji emabasa muindasitiri ari panjodzi yekurasika sezvo chikamu che80% chemabhizimisi ezvekushanya ari mabhizinesi madiki nepakati (SMEs). Indasitiri yeHotera uye Yekugamuchira Vaenzi inogona kurasikirwa ne20% yezvayakaita uye chikamu ichi chinogona kunge chakakwira se40% kusvika 60% kunyika dzakaita seCambodia, Vietnam neThailand (uko chikamu chinomiririra chikamu che20% chebasa). Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekushanyirwa muNyika iFrance ine vashanyi vanosvika miriyoni makumi masere nemapfumbamwe pagore, Spain ine mamirioni makumi masere nematatu; USA (89 mamiriyoni), China (83 mamiriyoni), Italy (80 mamiriyoni), Turkey (63 mamiriyoni), Mexico (62 mamiriyoni), Germany (46 mamiriyoni), Thailand (41 mamiriyoni), uye United Kingdom (39 mamiriyoni). Kushanya pamwe chete nerutsigiro rwekufambisa rimwe mumabasa gumi (38 miriyoni) munyika uye kugadzira 36% yeGDP yenyika. Kuvhara-pasi munyika idzi kunoratidza kuti kurema kweCovid10 kuchave kwakadii paindasitiri yekushanya munyika.

Misika yepasi rose yezvemari iri zvakare kunzwa zvakanyanya mhedzisiro.

Mushure meMusi weMuvhuro episode (Kurume 9), iwo makuru misika yemasheya indices achangobva kuona imwe yeakaipisisa zviitiko munhoroondo yavo mumakumi emakore. Iyo Dow Jones yakarasikirwa ingangoita 3000 mapoinzi nezuva rimwe. FTSE yakadzikwa neinenge 5% uye kurasikirwa kunofungidzirwa pamusoro peUS $ 90 bhiriyoni, kungodudza maviri chete. Chikamu chebhengi chakarasikirwa ingangoita 40% yehunokosha mumwedzi wapfuura uye maitiro acho achiri e-bearish.

Yepamutemo China's Kugadzira Kutenga Mamaneja indekisi- inoyera mwero wechiitiko chefekitori, chakavakirwa paBloomberg. Iyo yepasirese yekupa cheni yakasangana nekukanganiswa kwakakomba kubva kuCOVID-19. Sezvinoratidzwa ne data uye chati mu Girafu 7, kubvira kutanga kwe denda re COVID-19, zvakaburitswa mu China zvakanyanyisa kudonha kubva ku50% muna Ndira kusvika kupera kwaKukadzi 37.5%. Uku kuderera kwakanyanya mukugadzirwa kune zvakakanganisa nyika sezvo China ndiyo huru yekupa michina yezvivakwa nemotokari. Kuwedzera kupararira kwechirwere mafekitori mazhinji aifanira kumisa kushanda.

Kukwira kwekushomeka kwemabasa epasirese kuri pakati pe 5.3 mamirioni ("yakaderera" mamiriro) uye 24.7 mamirioni ("yakakwira" mamiriro). Kuderera kwazvino muhupfumi hwepasirese kunogona kuwedzera kushomeka kwepasirese nemamirioni angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu, sekuongorora kutsva neInternational Labor Organisation (ILO). Fungidziro yeILO inogona kunge yakavakirwa pamabasa epamutemo munyika dzakasimukira. Maererano nekufungidzira kwazvino uno, huwandu hwevashandi vari panjodzi hwaive pa25 muzana muSub-Saharan Africa, nepo isiri yezvekurima muhupfumi husina kurongwa inomiririra 76.6 muzana yemabasa ese uye makumi mashanu neshanu muzana kuNorth Africa. Huwandu hwevashandi vari panjodzi hwakafungidzirwa pa66 muzana muna 52 (ILO, 76.6).

Mhinduro kumatambudziko munyika dzakasiyana Hurumende pasi rose dziri kuzvishingisa nekuda kwedambudziko risati ramboitika. Iko kukanganisa kweanoputika uye zviyero zvemidziyo zvinoshandiswa kudzikisira kutapuriranwa uye "kupfava mheto" zvinokanganisa nhanho dzezviitiko zvehupfumi. Zvakasiyana nedambudziko rapfuura, mamiriro ezvinhu matsva anosanganisa kugovera uye kudengenyeka- kudengenyeka padivi kwezvikamu zvakawanda.

Nekudaro kudzora kukonzeresa kwedambudziko mudzimba nemafemu, hurumende dziri kugadzira mhinduro dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira mari yemubhadharo yakanangana, kubhadharisa mutero kuwedzerwa kwevimbiso, kudzosera mari yechimbadzo pachikwereti.

Iyo OECD yakaburitsa muunganidzwa wezviyero zvakatorwa nenhengo dzenyika dzayo zviripo www.necd.org/coronavirus/en/

Nyika dzinoverengeka nenharaunda dzehupfumi dzakatora matanho ehupfumi nemari kuti dzive neCovid-19 uku ichipawo rutsigiro rwemari kuzviitiko zvavo zvehupfumi. Masangano eBretton Woods akaisa chikwereti chinokurumidza kupa uye mari yekutsigira Nhengo dzeNyika. Izvi zvinotevera zvinopfupikisa matanho akasarudzwa akatorwa kusvika pari zvino pamatanho epasi rose kubva munaKurume 25th, 2020:

G20: Kubaya pamusoro pe $ 5 tiririyoni muhupfumi hwenyika, sechikamu chemitemo yezvemari, matanho ezvehupfumi uye zvirongwa zvekuvimbisa kuputsika kwehupfumi kubva kudenda.

China: Dzakadzika masosi uye kusunungura anopfuura anodarika $ 70.6 bhiriyoni kusimudzira hupfumi uye akazivisa rubatsiro rwemabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora.

Chammhembe Koria: Bank of Korea (BOK) (kudzikiswa kwemutero kubva 1.25 kusvika 0.75%) uye 16, 7 mabhiriyoni emadhora semhinduro kuCovid-19.

England: Bank yeEngland (kudzikiswa kwemutero kubva 0.75% kusvika 0.25%) uye yakazivisa 37 bhiriyoni semhinduro kuCovid-19

European Union: Iyo ECB yakazivisa Kutsigira kuEU Economy ye750 bhiriyoni euros.

Furanzi: yakazivisa 334 bhiriyoni Euro semhinduro kuCovid-19

Jerimani: 13.38 bhiriyoni Euro semhinduro kuCovid-19

United States: Iyo US Federal Reserve yakadimbura mutemo wayo nemakumi mashanu neshanu nongedzo kune huwandu hwe150 - 0 muzana mumavhiki maviri apfuura uye yakaunza matanho emari kudzikamisa kuomesa mamiriro emari uye Hurumende yeUS Federal yakapa 0.25 bhiriyoni kutsigira maSME, Mhuri. : Mhuri yevanhu vana $ 2000; $ 4 Bhiriyoni makambani makuru, $ 3000 bhiriyoni YeAirline Indasitiri.

Ositireriya: Mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora

Nyuzirendi: Mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora

Bhangi Renyika: Mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora

IMF: inomira yakagadzirira kuunganidza $ 1 tiririyoni mukana wekukweretesa kubatsira nhengo dzayo. Izvi zviridzwa zvinogona kupa muchirongwa che $ 50 bhiriyoni kune dzichiri kusimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira hupfumi. Kusvika pamadhora gumi emadhora anokwanisa kuitirwa nhengo dzinotambira mari shoma kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzemubhadharo dzemari, dzinotakura zero zero

Kuongorora kweZVINOGONESESA PAMUSORO PEMADZIMA E AFRICA

Dambudziko reCovid-19 riri kukanganisa hupfumi hwenyika nehwe Africa. Mamwe makiyi akakosha ehupfumi hwemuAfrica ari kutotarisana nekuderera nekuda kwechirwere ichi. Tourism, kutakurwa kwemhepo, uye iyo oiri chikamu zvinoonekwa zvichikanganiswa. Nekudaro, zvisingaonekwi mhedzisiro yeCovid-19 inotarisirwa mu2020 zvisinei nekureba kwenguva kwedenda. Kuongorora, zviitiko zvakavakwa (ona annex 1) pahwaro hwefungidziro dzinoongorora zvipimo, huwandu hwevanhu uye zvipingamupinyi munzanga.

Kuti uongorore kukanganiswa, bepa rinotarisa zvinotevera zviitiko zviviri:

Mamiriro 1: Muchiitiko chekutanga ichi, denda rinotora mwedzi mina muEurope, China neAmerica risati raiswa pasi pesimba sekutevera: Zvita 4, 15 - 2019 Kurume 15 kuChina (mwedzi mitatu), Kukadzi - Chivabvu 2020 kuEurope (mwedzi mina ), Kurume-Chikumi 3 (US) (mwedzi mina) China, Europe neAmerica (USA, Canada nevamwe) pamusoro pemwaka waZvita 2020, 4 - 2020 Kurume 4 kuChina (15 mwedzi), Kukadzi - Chivabvu 2019 kuEurope (15 mwedzi), Kurume-Chikumi 2020 (US) (mwedzi mina). Hupfumi hwavo hunotarisirwa kudzoka kutanga kwaChikunguru 3. Muchiitiko ichi, denda richagara kwemwedzi mishanu kubva munaKurume - Chikunguru 2020 risati radzikatidzwa (Africa haina kukanganiswa zvakanyanya, marongero uye matanho akaiswa kuti ave pamwe neanotsigira shamwari. , uye kurapwa kuchapfupisa kupararira kwedenda.

Mamiriro 2: Muchiitiko ichi, tinotarisa nzira nhatu dzekuputika: mwedzi mina (Zvita - Kurume) kuChina, Mwedzi mitanhatu (Kukadzi-Chikumi) munyika dzeEurope neAmerica nemwedzi misere (Kurume-Nyamavhuvhu) munyika dzeAfrica. Mune ino kesi, paramende ndiko kushanda kwematanho ezvematongerwo enyika akawedzerwa kune anokwanisa masisitimu ekugona kuongorora ingangoita nguva yedenda munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Global Impact pane iyo Africa Hupfumi
Ichi chikamu chinoongorora zvinoitwa neCovid-19 mukukura kweupfumi hwemu Africa uye nezvimwe zvikamu.

Mhedzisiro paAfrican Economic Kukura

Kukura kweAfrica kwakavandudza zvakanyanya pamakore gumi 2000-2010. Mushure megumi rino rekuvimba patsva, kusahadzika kwakakwira pakukwanisa kweAfrica kuchengetedza mwero wakakwira wekuwedzera. Chikonzero chakakosha chekusahadzika uku kwaive kutsamira kwakasimba kweupfumi hukuru muAfrica pamitengo yezvinhu zvepasi rose.

Kudzoreredzwa mumutengo wezvigadzirwa zvakatanga muna2014, kumisa chikamu chekusati kwamboitika kukura kukuru muma2000, kubvira ma1970. Kukura kwehupfumi nekudaro kwakaderera, kubva + 5% paavhareji pakati pa2000 na2014 kusvika + 3.3% pakati pagore ra2015 na2019. Mushure menguva pfupi-pfupi yeshungu nemufaro, Africa iri zvakare yakatarisana nekusakwana kwekukwira kwemitengo kuti ibate pamusoro pezvehupfumi. . Asi, African Union inofungidzira huwandu hwe7% yekukura kwekondinendi iyi kudzikisa zvakanyanya hurombo.

Zvaifungidzirwa zvine avhareji mamiriro akapihwa kukura kwe3.4% mu2020 (AfDB, 2019). Nekudaro, nemhedzisiro yakaipa pamatanho akakosha ehupfumi senge kushanya, kufamba, kunze kwenyika; nemitengo yezvinhu iri kudonha, kudzikira kwehupfumi hwehurumende kupa mari kune veruzhinji mari, zvingave zvisingakwanisike kuzadzikisa tarisiro iyi yekuwedzera kwemitengo mu2020.

Kukurudzirwa kwekukura muna 2020 (pamberi penjodzi yeCOVID-19 S1 kukanganisa (Kuderera uchienzaniswa nemutengo muna 2020) S2 kukanganisa

Muzviitiko zviviri izvi, kukura kweAfrica kuchadonha zvakanyanya kusvika kumazinga asina kunaka. Kutanga kweiyo yekutanga mamiriro S0 yaive, isina kuoneka iyo Covid-19, chiyero chekukura kwe3.4% kuenda kuAfrica muna 2020 (AfDB, 2020). S1  uye S2 zviitiko (zvinokwanisika uye zvisina tariro) fungidzira kukura kwakashata kwehupfumi kwe -0.8% (kurasikirwa kwe  4.18 pp sekuenzanisa nekutanga kuratidzwa) uye -1.1 muzana (kurasikirwa kwe4.51 pp sekuenzanisa neyekutanga  fungidziro) yenyika dzeAfrica mu2020. Avhareji mamiriro ari epakati ane huremu hwezviitiko1  yezviitiko zviviri uye inoratidza kukura kwakashata kwe -0.9 muzana (-4.49% pp se enzanisa neyekutanga fungidziro).

Denda re COVID-19 rakarova dzinenge nyika dzese dzemu Africa uye rinoita kunge rakagadzirira kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Kuvhiringidzwa kwehupfumi hwenyika kuburikidza nemaketani epasirese epasi rose, kudonha nekukasira mumitengo yezvinhu uye mari yemari uye kumanikidzwa kwekufamba pamwe nemagariro kurambidzwa munyika zhinji dzemu Africa ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukura kwakashata. Kunze kwenyika nekutengeswa kwenyika dzemu Africa zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvichadonha neinosvika 35% kubva padanho rasvika muna 2019. Nekudaro, kurasikirwa kwemutengo kunofungidzirwa kungangoita 270 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuUS. Kurwisa kupararira kwehutachiona uye kurapwa kuchatungamira mukuwedzera kwemari yeruzhinji muAfrica inofungidzirwa neinosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu.

Iko kufungidzira kunoitwa pazviitiko zviviri ndezvekuti zvinokwanisika saka zvine mukana wakafanana wekuzadzikiswa.

 

Kurasikirwa kweChiitiko neMabasa muAfrican Tourism uye Yekufamba Indasitiri

Tourism, chikamu chakakosha chezvehupfumi hwenyika zhinji mu Africa, ichakanganiswa zvakanyanya neCOVID-19 nekuzadzikiswa kwezvirambidzo zvekufamba, kuvhara miganhu nekupararira kwenzanga. IATA inofungidzira mupiro wezvehupfumi weindasitiri yekufambisa nendege muAfrica pamadhora US $ 55.8 bhiriyoni, ichitsigira 6.2 mamirioni emabasa uye ichipa 2.6% yeGDP. Izvi zvinotadzisa ndege dzepasi rose dzinosanganisira hofori dzeAfrican Ethiopian Airlines, Egyptair, Kenya Airways, South African Airways, nezvimwe. Iyo yekutanga inokanganisa ichaguma nekushaikwa kwemabasa kwevashandi veairlines nemidziyo. Nekudaro, munguva dzakajairika, ndege dzinofambisa dzakatenderedza 35% yekutengeserana kwepasirese, uye basa rega rega mukutakura nendege rinotsigira vamwe makumi maviri nevaviri muketani yekushanya neyekushanya, iyo inogadzira mabasa anosvika mamirioni makumi manomwe (IATA, 24).

Chirevo kubva kuIATA chakaratidza kuti "kubhadharisa nyika dzepasi rose mu Africa kwakaderera nezve 20% munaKurume naKubvumbi, kushomeka kwemumba kwakaderera nezve 15% munaKurume uye 25% muna Kubvumbi. Zvinoenderana nedatha razvino, kudzoserwa kweThiketi kwakawedzera ne75% muna 2020 zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwecheteyo muna 2019 (01 Kukadzi - 11 Kurume) ".

Sekureva kwedata rakafanana, ndege dzendege dzemuAfrica dzakatorasikirwa neUS $ 4.4 bhiriyoni mumari munaKurume 11, 2020 nekuda kweCOVID19. Ethiopian Airlines yakaratidza kurasikirwa kwemadhora zana nemakumi masere emadhora.

Huwandu hwevashanyi mukondinendi huri kuramba huchikura neavhareji yekukura kwepagore ye5% muchikamu chegumi neshanu chenguva dzose mumakore achangopfuura. Huwandu hwavo hwaisvika mamirioni makumi manomwe muna 15 uye vaifungidzirwa pamamirioni makumi manomwe neshanu muna 70 (UNWTO) Kufamba uye kushanya ndeimwe yeinjini huru dzekukura kwehupfumi hweAfrica, inoverengera 8.5% yeGDP muna 2019 maererano neWorld Tourism uye Travel Council (WTTC).

 Mari dzekushanyirwa mu GDP (%) mune dzimwe nyika dze Africa 2019

Kune nyika gumi neshanu dzemuAfrica, chikamu chekushanyirwa chinomiririra zvinopfuura gumi% zveGDP uye kune makumi maviri nemashanu emaAfrica States, mugove wekushanya muhupfumi hwenyika uri pamusoro pe15%. Ichi chikamu chinopa zvakawanda zvakanyanya kuGDP munyika dzakaita seSychelles, Cape Verde neMauritius (pamusoro pe10% yeGDP).

Tourism inoshandisa vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni mune yega yenyika dzinotevera: Nigeria, Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya, neTanzania. Basa rekushanya rinosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi maviri muzana emabasa ese muSeychelles, Cape Verde, São Tomé nePríncipe, neMauritius. Munguva yematambudziko apfuura, kusanganisira dambudziko remari ra20 uye mutengo wemitengo yegore ra2008, kushanya kweAfrica kwakarasikirwa kusvika pamadhora mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe emamiriyoni.

Pasi pemamiriro epakati, iyo yekushanya uye yekufambisa chikamu mu Africa inogona kurasikirwa ingangoita $ 50 bhiriyoni nekuda kweCovid 19 denda uye angangoita mamirioni maviri mabasa akananga uye asina kunangana.

African Kunze kwenyika

Sekureva kweUNTACD, yenguva (2015-2019), huwandu hwese hwekutengeserana muAfrica hwaive US $ 760 bhiriyoni pagore inomiririra 29% yeGDP yeAfrica. Intra-Africa kutengeserana maakaunzi eiyo chete 17% yekutengesa kwakazara kwenyika dzeAfrica.

Intra-Africa kutengeserana ndeimwe yepasi zvakanyanya ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, pa16.6% yeiyo yose. Izvo zvakaderera huwandu hwekushandurwa kwemaindasitiri, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, kusangana kwemari uye kwemari uye mutero uye zvisiri mutero zvipingaidzo, ndiwo mudzi wemamiriro ezvinhu aya. Izvi zvinoita kuti hupfumi hweAfrica huve hupfumi hwekunze uye hune hanya nekuvhunduka uye nesarudzo dzekunze.

Vatengesi Partners of Africa

Kuburitswa kwekondinendi kunotungamirwa nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, izvo zvinozviisa pasi zvakapihwa kubva kumaindasitiri eEuropean, Asia neAmerica. Kudonha kwemitengo yemafuta asina kubikwa uye kudiwa kwekudzora kunokanganisawo kukura kwenyika dzemu Africa.

Vamwe vevatengesi vemu Africa vanosanganisira European Union, China neUnited States. European Union, kuburikidza neEU nekuda kwehukama hwakasimba hwenhoroondo nekondinendi yeAfrica, inoita misiyano yakawanda, iyo inoita 34%. Makumi mashanu nepfumbamwe muzana (59%) eNorth Africa inotengeswa kunze kwenyika iri kuEurope, zvichienzaniswa ne20.7% yeSouthern Africa. China mukushambadzira kwayo kwemaindasitiri ine makore gumi yakasimudza nhanho yekutengeserana kwayo ne Africa: 18.5% yekutengeswa kweAfrica kuChina. Makumi mana nemana muzana (44.3%) yeCentral Africa inotengeswa kunze kwenyika iri kuChina, zvichienzaniswa ne6.3% yeNorth Africa (AUC / OECD, 2019).

Inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika dzemuAfrica dzinowana zviwanikwa zvavo zvizhinji kubva kunze kwenyika kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira. Kukura kweupfumi kunoshamisa kweanosvika 5% akasangana neAfrica mumakore gumi nemana apfuura 14 ainyanya kutsigirwa nemitengo yepamusoro yezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kunonoka kwa2014 kuderera kwemitengo yemafuta kwakakonzera kudzikira kukuru mukukura kweGDP kweSub-Saharan Africa kubva pa2014 muzana muna5.1 kusvika pa2014 muzana muna1.4.

Iyo Africa isingadzoreke zviwanikwa zvinotengesa kunze se peresenti yeGDP kubva 2000 kusvika 2017.

Nhasi, oiri isina kuchena iri kutarisana nekutyisidzika kukuru kudhara munhoroondo yayo, ichidonha pasi pemadhora makumi matatu dhiramu, nekuda kwekumira kwekutengeserana kwepasi rose (kwakatanga muChina kubva munaNdira) zvichitevera denda reCovid-30 uye panguva imwechete kusawirirana pakati Saudi Arabia neRussia. Nekuda kwemitengo yemafuta yazvino, kuvhiringidzika kukuru mukutengeserana kuchave kwehupfumi husinganzwisisike, neAlgeria, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, neRepublic of the Congo pakati pevakanyanya kubatwa.

Nyika dzeCEMAC dzicharohwa zvakanyanya nekuderera kwemutengo wemafuta, izvo zvichawedzera kushomeka kwemari yekunze uye pamwe zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekudzikiswa kweCFA. Oiri inotumirwa kunze kwenyika inotangira pazvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana zveGDP muSouth Africa (yatove mukushomeka uye ichiratidza kusasimba kukura kwemaonero) kusvika pamakumi mana muzana muEquatorial Guinea uye ingangoita huwandu hwekutengeswa kweSouth Sudan, uye ndiyo yakakosha mari yekunze mari. KuNigeria neAngola, nyika dzinogadzira mafuta, mari yemafuta inomiririra zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvekutengesa kunze uye zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana emabhajeti avo emunyika, uye kuderera kwemitengo kungangovarova zvakaenzana.

Sangano reUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) rinofungidzira kurasikirwa kwakabatana nekudonha kwemitengo yegiramu iri pamabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemashanu emadhora ekuAmerica, ayo anosvika mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu emadhora ekuAmerica kurasikirwa kuri kutarisirwa kuNigeria. Semuenzaniso, Nigeria yakaita fungidziro yayo yebhajeti yekota yekutanga zvichibva pakufungidzira kwemutengo wekare wedhiramu pamadhora makumi matanhatu nematanhatu emadhora. Uyu mutengo ikozvino wadonha neinopfuura 65% (OECD Development Center, 19). Nyaya yeNigeria inopfupikisa mamiriro ezvinhu epasi rino zvichienderana nemari yemari kunyanya uye zvigadzirwa zvisineyi, zvese izvo zvinofanirwa kudzikisira mari yavo yekufungidzira kweinenge makota maviri ekutanga. Zvinofungidzirwa zvinoratidza kuti Angola neNigeria pamwe chete vangarasikirwa kusvika pamadhora makumi matanhatu nemashanu emadhora. Izvi zvichave nemhedzisiro yekudzora mari yekunze yekushambadzira yenyika idzi uye kugona kwavo kuita zvirongwa zvavo zvebudiriro nyore, uye kuyedza kudzikisira hurombo kuchabata zvine mutsindo. Zvakare, nyika idzi dzichada zviwanikwa zvakakosha kurwisa hutachiona hweCovid-67 hutano uye hupfumi. Kubva muna Kurume 50, dzinosvika makumi manomwe kubva muzana muzana yemitero yaApril inotakura mafuta asina kuchena kubva kuAngola neNigeria yanga isati yatengeswa, uye vamwe vatengesi veoiri vemuAfrica vakaita seGabon neCongo vanonetsekawo kuwana vatengi. South Sudan neEretria zvinokanganiswawo nekudonha kwekutengeserana nekutsemuka kwekutengeswa muChina. China inotenga account ye2020 muzana yezvose zvinotengeswa neSouth Sudan uye 65 muzana yeEritrea.

Africa inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inorohwa neCovid-19. Kudonhedza zvinhu kunze uye kushomeka kwezvinhu zvevatengi zvinotengwa kubva kuChina zvakawedzera kukwira kwemitengo muSouth Africa, Ghana, nezvimwewo .Rwanda ichangobva kuisa mitengo yakatarwa yezvinhu zvekudya zvakakosha senge mupunga nemafuta ekubikisa. Vazhinji varombo vatengesi vekunze, vatengesi nevatengi muNigeria, Uganda, Mozambique, neNiger vari kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nedambudziko iri sezvo vachiwana raramo yekutengesa zvigadzirwa zveChinese senge machira, zvemagetsi, uye zvinhu zvevaridzi.

Mari yeku Africa yekunze

Hupfumi hwemu Africa hwagara hwakatarisana nekusadzikama kwazvino kwazvino account izvo zvinonyanya kutungamirwa nekushomeka kwezvekutengeserana. Sezvo kuunganidza mari mudzimba kuchiramba kwakaderera muAfrica, nyika zhinji dzemu Africa dzinovimba zvakanyanya nekune dzimwe nyika mari dzekushomeka kwavo. Zvinosanganisira FDI, portfolio investment, remittances, official official development rubatsiro, uye chikwereti chekunze. Nekudaro, chibvumirano chinotarisirwa kana kudzikira kwenyika dzakatangira zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira padanho reHurumende Rwekuvandudza Rubatsiro (ODA), Kunze Direct Investment (FDI), Portfolio investment inflows uye Remittances inoyerera ichienda kuAfrica. Iko kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika mumitero yemitero uye mari yekunze nekuda kwekukanganisa zviitiko zvehupfumi zvichadzora kugona kwenyika dzeAfrica kubhadhara budiriro yavo uye kunotungamira kune kukosha kwekunze kwemari yemuno kudonha uye kuderera.

Mari inotumirwa kunze: Mari dzinotumirwa kwave kuri sosi hombe yemari dzepasi rose dzinoyerera dzichienda kuAfrica kubvira 2010, dzichiverengera chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika. Dzinomiririra sosi yakadzikama kwazvo yekuyerera, iine inenge yakawedzera kuwedzera vhoriyamu kubva 2010. Zvisinei, nezviitiko zvehupfumi mugoridhe zvinomhanya munyika zhinji dzepamusika dzichiri kusimukira, mari inotumirwa kuAfrica inogona kuderera zvakanyanya.

Mari dzinotumirwa sechikamu cheGDP dzinodarika zvikamu zvishanu muzana munyika gumi nenhatu dzemu Africa, uye dzakareba kusvika pazvikamu makumi maviri nezvitatu muzana muLesotho uye zvinodarika gumi nezviviri muzana muComoros, The Gambia, neLiberia. Takatorwa pamwechete, hupfumi hukuru muAfrica, Egypt neNigeria, inoverengera 5 muzana yemari inowanikwa muAfrica.

Kunze Kunze Investment: Sekureva kweUNCTAD (2019), kuyerera kweFDI kuenda kuAfrica kwakakwira kusvika pamadhora mazana mana emadhora makumi mana nemasere kunyangwe pasi rese rakadzika, chikamu che46 muzana chakawedzera mushure mekudonha kwakateedzana muna11 na2016. Kukwirisa uku kwakatsigirwa nekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga zviwanikwa, kumwe kudyara kwakasiyana siyana uye kugadzirisa muSouth Africa mushure memakore akati wandei ekupinda-pasi. Nyika dzepamusoro shanu dzinogashira dzaive muna2017: South Africa ($ 5 bhiriyoni, + 2017%), Egypt ($ 5.3 bhiriyoni, -165.8%); Morocco ($ 6.8 bhiriyoni, + 8.2%), Congo (3.6 bhiriyoni, -35.5%); uye Ethiopia ($ 4.3 bhiriyoni, -2.1%). Nezviitiko zvekupararira kwedenda kubva panguva pfupi-kugadzikana kusvika pakuenderera mberi mukati megore rose, kudonha kunotarisirwa kweFDI kuyerera kwepasirese kuchave pakati pe -3.3% ne -17.6% (zvichienzaniswa nezvakafanotaurwa zvange zvichitaridza kukura kwekumucheto muFDI maitiro e 5-15). Zvichienderana nedata reUNCTAD, OECD yakaratidza kutanga, zviratidzo zveinogona kuitika Covid-2020 kukanganisa paFDI mari yakadzoreredzwa munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Vanopfuura zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemabhizimusi emarudzi akawanda (MNEs) muUNTAD yepamusoro 2021, bherowether yezvese nzira dzekudyara, vaburitsa zvirevo pamusoro pesimba reCovid-19 pabhizinesi ravo.

Vazhinji vari kudzikisira pasi mari yemari munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, purofiti yakaderera - kusvika parizvino, makumi mana neshanu vakaburitsa chenjedzo dzebatsiro - inozoshandura mumari yepasi yakadzoserwa (chinhu chikuru cheFDI) Paavhareji, epamusoro 41 MNEs, ayo anoverengera chikamu chakakura cheFDI yepasirese, akaona kudzikira kudzokororwa kwe5000 mibairo fungidziro ye2020% nekuda kweCovid-9. Yakaomesesa kurova indasitiri yemotokari (-19%), ndege (-44%) uye simba uye zvakakosha zvigadzirwa maindasitiri (-42%). Mhindu dzeMNEs dzakakumikidzwa mune dzehupfumi dzichiri kusimukira dziri panjodzi zvakanyanya kupfuura dzeye nyika dzakasimukira MNEs: nyika dzichiri kusimukira MNE purofiti nhungamiro yakagadziridzwa pasi ne13%. Mu Africa, iyi yekudzokorora inosvika ku16%, zvichienzaniswa ne1% muAsia, uye 18% muLAC (UNCTAD, 6). Zvakare, kwave kwatove nemari hombe yekubvisa kubva kukondinendi; semuenzaniso, muNigeria iyo All Share Index yakanyoresa kuita kwayo kwakaipisisa kwemakore gumi mukutanga kwaKurume sezvo vatyairi vemhiri kwemakungwa vakaburitsa kunze. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti Africa yose inogona kurasikirwa kusvika ku2020% FDI inopinda mukondinendi.

Nyika zhinji dzemu Africa dzichiri kuenderera nekuvimba zvakanyanya nerubatsiro rwepamutemo rwekuvandudza mari yavo nekuda kwemamiriro avo ehupfumi. Sekureva kwedata reOECD, kupera kwegore ra2017, ODA inomiririra 4% uye 6.2% yeGDP zvichiteerana muCentral Africa neEast Africa.

Mune gumi nemaviri nyika dze Africa, ODA inopinda muna 12 yakapfuura 2017% yeGDP (iine 10% muSouth Sudan). ODA yakaumba 63.5% yeGDP yeAfrica Yakaderera-Inotambira nyika (AUC / OECD, 9.2). Mamiriro ezvinhu azvino ehupfumi munyika dzinopa zvinogona kukanganisa huwandu hweODA yakaunzwa kune idzi nyika.

Mari yeHurumende, mari inoshandiswa nehurumende uye chikwereti chakazvimirira

Kubva 2006, mitero yemitero yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumhedziso, sezvo nyika dzemu Africa dzave kuwedzera hupfumi. Mitero yemitero yakawedzera mumhedziso mazwi. Chinhu chikuru chemitero yemitero yaive mutero pazvinhu nemasevhisi, izvo zvakaverengerwa 53.7% yemitero yemitero paavhareji muna 2017 neVAT yega inomiririra 29.4%. Mutero-ku-GDP reshiyo yakatangira pa5.7% muNigeria kusvika 31.5% muSychelles muna 2017. Chete Seychelles, Tunisia, South Africa neMorocco vaive neRhafu-to-GDP chiyero pamusoro pe25% nepo nyika zhinji dzeAfrica dziri kudonha pakati pe11.0% uye 21.0%. Avhareji Mutero-ku-GDP muyero we17.2% wakanyanya kuderera (zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzeLatin America (22.8% uye nyika dzeOECD (34.2%) (AU / OECD / ATAF, 2019) yekutsigira rubatsiro rwekutanga rwemagariro. ine mukana wakakura wekupararira kweCovid19 muAfrica.Nyika dzese makumi maviri muAfrica dzinogona kurasikirwa kusvika pamakumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu muzana emari yemari, inofungidzirwa pamabhiriyoni mazana mashanu muna 20. Hurumende hadzina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekuvimba misika yepasi rose. izvo zvinogona kuwedzera nyika chikwereti mazinga.

Chikwereti chinofanirwa kushandiswa mukudyara kunobatsira kana kukura-kusimudzira mari pane kuchengetedza hurongwa hwavo hwekushandisa. Pane mukana wakakura wekuti nyika zhinji dzingatarisana nekukosheswa mumari yezvikwereti zvekunze nekusevha mari nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushaikwa kwemari sezvo kusimbiswa kukuru kuchizoitwa mukuzadzisa zvido zveveruzhinji zvinosanganisira masisitimu ehutano, kukurudzira kwehupfumi hwevanhu kune vanasaimba, SMEs uye mabhizinesi. Asi chetatu chenyika dzemu Africa dzatove kana kuda kuva panjodzi huru nekuda kwekuwedzera kwakanyanya kwezvikwereti pamwero nekuda kwenyika inofadza (kukwira kwevanopa nyika mbiri uye avo vasiri vagari kunyoreswa kuzvisungo zvapasi rose pamusika weAfrica) . Chikwereti munyika zhinji dzemu Africa chiri pazvibvumirano uye masangano epasi rose haana imwe sarudzo kunze kwekubatsira nyika kuwana mazwi akareruka. Nekudaro, nyika dzine acommercial chikwereti kubva kune dzichiri kusimukira hupfumi dzichada kugadzirisa mune yanhasi hupfumi dambudziko. Sekureva kweEIU Viewswire (2020), chikwereti chinoshanduka kuchinjisa mitengo pamakore mashanu ezvematongerwo enyika akawedzera (Angola ne408% gore pagore mukupera kwaKurume, yeNigeria ne270% neSouth Africa ne101%.

Maitiro aya anonyanya kunetsekana nekuti mutemo wezvemari munyika dzemu Africa zvine hunyanzvi, zvichireva kuti kushandisa mari kunowedzera munguva dzakanaka asi kunowira mune yakashata. Mari yeruzhinji ichakanganiswa nekuda kwekushomeka kwezviwanikwa izvo dambudziko reCovid-19 richagadzira. Kushandisa mukusimudzira zvivakwa kunogona kudonhedza neinosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana nekuda kwemitero yakaderera uye kunetsekana mukuunganidza zviwanikwa zvekunze.

Mari inoshandiswa nehurumende yenyika dzeAfrica inomiririra 19% yeGDP yekondinendi uye inopa 20% mukukura kwehupfumi pagore. Mari yeruzhinji mu Africa inotungamirwa nekushandisa pane hutano, dzidzo uye dziviriro uye chengetedzo. Idzi nharaunda nhatu dzinomiririra zvinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvemashandisirwo eruzhinji. Mari inoshandiswa neHurumende kuhutano hwekuchengetedza hutano inotarisirwa kuwedzera kuitira kuti ive nekupararira kweCovid3 uye kudzikisira kukanganisa hupfumi. Sechiyeuchidzo, Ebola yakauraya vanhu zviuru mazana matatu nemazana matatu uye World Bank yakafungidzira kurasikirwa kwezvehupfumi kwe $ 70bn, asi hutachiona hwakarova chete Central neWestern Africa.

Basa: Nepo matanho ehupfumi achiitirwa kutsigira chikamu chepamutemo, zvakakosha kuti tizive chokwadi chekuti chikamu chisina kurongwa munyika dzichiri kusimukira chinopa chikamu chinosvika makumi matatu nezvishanu kubva muzana cheGDP uye chinoshandisa zvinopfuura makumi manomwe nezvishanu kubva muzana zvevashandi. Hukuru hwekusarongeka hunomiririra ingangoita 35% yezvinhu zvakaunganidzwa zvemukati (GDP) yeSub-Saharan Africa, sekureva kweAfrican Development Bank (75) kunyangwe kana zvimwe zvidzidzo zvichiratidza kuti zvinotangira pazasi pe55 kusvika 2014 muzana muMauritius , South Africa neNamibia kusvika kumusoro kwe20 kusvika 25 muzana muBenin, Tanzania neNigeria (IMF, 50). Kusanganisira chikamu chekurima, kusarongeka kunomiririra pakati pe65% ne2018% yebasa. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo isina kurongwa econo21 mu Africa inoramba iri pakati pezvakakura kwazvo pasirese uye ine mhando yekushamisika kwenzanga mumaguta makuru eAfrica. Munyika zhinji dzemu Africa, kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe muzana evashandi vari mumabasa asina kurongwa (AUC / OECD, 90). Vanoda kusvika mamirioni makumi maviri emabasa, ese ari maviri epamutemo uye asina kurongwa zvikamu, anotyisidzirwa nekuparadzwa kukondinendi kana mamiriro akaenderera. Kuparadzwa kwemaketani ekukosha, kukiyiwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kuvharwa kwemaresitorendi, mabhawa, vatengesi, zvisina kurongwa commerce nezvimwewo zvinogona kukonzera kukanganiswa mune zvakawanda zvisina kurongwa zviitiko. Masangano angangosvika gumi evatambi vasina kurongwa muSouth Africa vakaita kurudziro kuHurumende kuti igadzirise mari inotsiviwa nevanhu vasingakwanise kushanda panguva yekukiya. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita seMorocco dziri kutogadzira nzira dzekutsigira dzimba. Ichipa ukuru hwenzvimbo dzisina kurongwa muAfrica, hurumende yenyika inofanirwa kutora matanho nekukurumidza kutsigira vanhu vanoita raramo.

Kutsigira zvisina kurongwa chikamu, kwete chete kuchaona kushanda kwematanho ekuderedza kupararira kwechirwere uye kutsigira kudyiwa kwemhuri asi zvakare kuchadzikisira njodzi yekusagadzikana kwevanhu. Munguva yepakati nepakati, hurumende dzemuAfrica dzinofanirwa kutsigira kurongwa kwemasangano asina kurongwa nekusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwenzanga kuvashandi vebazi iri. Muchikamu chepamutemo, vashandi vendege nemakambani anobatanidzwa mukushanya ndivo vanozonyanya kukanganiswa, kana paine kusatsigirwa kubva kuAfrican Government.

Pakazara, Covid19 inogona kuve nemhedzisiro mhedzisiro - zvinogona kusagadzikana munharaunda kusangana necontainment yeCoronavirus.

Kune rimwe divi, dambudziko renyika rehutano rinogona kukonzera vanhu kusiya parutivi zvichemo zvavo zvematongerwo enyika (chero munhu anoziva kuti zvipfeko zveyero zviri kuFrance mazuva ano?) - kune rimwe divi, heino nyaya yevashandi vehutano vasere vakaurayiwa mu Guinea panguva yedambudziko reEbola:

Munyika dzine nhoroondo refu dzechisimba chemasekete, izvi zvinogona kunetsa.

Sangano rezvehutano rinotarisana nedambudziko: Dambudziko reCovid19 rinotambanudza iwo-atove-mashoma masisitimu ehutano mukondinendi. Izvo zvinodiwa kubva kune covid-19 varwere vanozowanza zvivakwa zvehutano uye varwere vane zvakanyanya kutakura zvirwere seAIDS, TB neMalaria vachashaya mukana uye / kana kurapwa kwakaringana uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuwanda kwehurwere nekufa. Pamusoro pezvo, denda reCoivd-19 rinozopedzisira raita kushomeka kwemishonga nemidziyo yehutano. Africa vanopa mishonga zvikuru iEuropean Union neAsia. Nekudaro, makambani anogadzira zvinodhaka munyika idzi amira nekuda kwezviyero zvakakomba zvekubvisa munyika dzakatorwa zvakanyanya munyika dzakadai seSpain, Italy neFrance. Naizvozvo, kana denda iri rave padanho repamusoro, zvichanetsa kuti nyika idzi dzirape varwere vadzo. Landry, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim ​​(2020) anofungidzira kuti nyika dzemu Africa dzichada kuwedzerwa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora ekushandisa pahutano. Dambudziko rehutano rinogona kukanganisa kurapwa zvimwe zvirwere mu Africa. MuEurope, hurumende dzakamisikidza marapirwo asiri ekukurumidza mushure mechikamu chekukiya. Guinea payakatarisana nedambudziko reEbola muna10.6-2013, kurapwa kwekutanga kwakadzikira ne2014%, kurapwa muzvipatara ne58%, uye majekiseni nemakumi matatu muzana, uye makumi manomwe nematanhatu emakesi emarariya haana kupihwa rubatsiro munzvimbo dzekurapa dzeveruzhinji.

Dziviriro matambudziko: Denda iri rinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuchengeteka mudunhu reSahel, sezvo zhinji dzenyika idzi dziri munjodzi nekuda kwemakakatanwa akaunza vanhu vazhinji vakasiya misha. Covid19 yakauya panguva iyo dunhu iri ratotarisana nematambudziko anotyisa ehunyoro, kupokana uye mhirizhonga nekuda kwehugandanga, kusanganiswa kweva jihadist, vemunharaunda-vemauto, mabhanditi, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye / kana shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Ipo hurumende dzenyika pamwe nemasangano enharaunda ari kuyedza kudzora kupararira kweCovid19, izvi zvinokanganisa kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa nedziviriro mudunhu rino. Kurwiswa kuchangobva kuitwa ne Boko harami boka rakashongedzwa muChad rakauraya varwi vanosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri musi wa92 Kurume, rakaratidza kusagadzikana kwedunhu iri. Zvakare, sekureva kweUnited Nations (25 Kurume 30), kubva muna Kukadzi 2020, vanhu mazana manomwe nemazana manomwe nemazana manomwe akaparadzwa mudzimba uye 2020 miriyoni vaida rubatsiro rwevanhu muBurkina Faso. Kupararira kweiyo denda munzvimbo ino rinozoita kuti zviome kwemauto ekuchengetedza, vatapi vehutano nemasangano epasi rese erubatsiro kuti ape kununura kuvanhu vemuno

Africa inopinza zvakapoteredza 90% yezvigadzirwa zvavo zvemishonga kubva kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kubva kuChina neIndia. Nehurombo, fungidziro dzinoratidza kuti mari inowanikwa pagore kubva pamwero wepasi uye / kana mishonga yekunyepedzera yaive pamusoro peUS $ 30 bhiriyoni, sekureva kweWorld Health Organisation 2017 mushumo wekutengesa zvinodhaka. Africa ine hosha yepamusoro yezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa uye zvisingatapurirane zvinopa musika wakakosha weindasitiri yemishonga. Naizvozvo, nekugadzwa kweAfrican Continental Mahara Ekutengeserana Nzvimbo (AfCFTA) uye kuvhurwa kwemusika wepamusoro pe1.2 mirau kunokosha pakuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwemusika uno we1.2 bhiriyoni kubva kumisika yekunyepera, yakadzika, uye yekunyepedzera nemasevhisi.

Zvakare, denda razvino raratidza ku Africa kondinendi kuti haigone kuenderera nekuvimba nevatengesi vekunze kudiwa kwayo kwemukati mune zvigadzirwa zvine hungwaru semishonga. Naizvozvo, nyika dzinofanirwa kushandisa mukana uno kukurumidzisa kuitwa kweFarmaceutical Manufacturing Plan yeAfrica uye nekumisikidzwa kweAfrican Medicine Agency nekuisa pamberi pekudyara kwekuvandudza kugona kugona; kuteedzera kuyedza kwekutendeuka uye kuwiriranisa kweanogadzira zvigadzirwa mune zveRECs; kugovera zviwanikwa zvakakwana zveAMA sezvakataurwa nezvisarudzo zvinotevera zveAU Assembly nezvenyaya iyi.

Mhedzisiro pane hupfumi hukuru hwemuAfrica

Hupfumi hwepamusoro hwemuAfrica (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria neMorocco) vanomiririra zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana muzana reGDP yeAfrica. Iyo nhanho yekukanganisa kweCovid60 pane idzi hupfumi huchave hunomiririra hupfumi hwese hweAfrica. Iwo ezvekushanya uye epeturuleum zvikamu zvinomiririra paavhareji kota (19%) yehupfumi hwenyika idzi.

Kuputika kweCovid19 kwakatora mutoro unorema pane hupfumi uhu, sezvo mazhinji acho aine huwandu hwepamusoro hwehutachiona. Kukura kunotarisirwa kudonha zvakanyanya mune ese iwo. Kuderera kwemitengo yemafuta kuchakonzera kudzikira mune tarisiro yeupfumi hweNigeria neAlgeria.

Mhedzisiro yeCovid19 pamakosheni epasi rose anokanganisa indasitiri yemotokari yeMorocco; inomiririra 6 muzana yeGDP pane iyo nguva 2017-2019. Kuendeswa kunze kwenyika kwemaphosphates uye mari dzinotumirwa kunze, izvo zvinopa chikamu che4.4 muzana uye 6 muzana yeGDP yenyika icharohwa zvakare. Maindasitiri eEjipitori anoenderana nezvinowanikwa kubva kuChina nedzimwe nyika dzekunze zvinokanganiswa uye hazvigone kuzadzisa zvido zvemusika uye zvepasi rose. Chikamu chezvekushanya chiri kuona kudzikira nezvirambidzo zvinokanganisa kudyara kwemumba nekuwaniswa basa munyika. Mari dzinotumirwa kune imwe yemamwe maEjipitori ekunze mari. Yakasvika muna 2018 pamusoro pe $ 25.5 bhiriyoni, zvichienzaniswa ne $ 24.7 bhiriyoni muna 2017 nepo kuNigeria, mari dzaitumirwa madhora US $ 25.08 bhiriyoni muna 2018, zvichipa 5.74 muzana yeGDP. Nyika dzese dziri mbiri dzinodarika makumi matanhatu muzana yemari inotumirwa muAfrica. Iyo Covid60 inotyisidzira miviri mikuru yekuwana mari kuSouth Africa: kuchera uye kushanya. Kuvhiringidzwa kwemusika weChinese kunogona kudzora kudiwa kweSouth Africa mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira iron, manganese uye chromium ores kuenda kuChina (iyo inokwana zvakaenzana nemamiriyoni mazana mana emamiriyoni emamiriyoni euros kunze kwenyika gore rega). Nyika yakapinda mumatambudziko mukati mekota yechina yegore rapfuura, dambudziko razvino richawedzera kune yakange yatodzikira mari yeveruzhinji uye kushomeka kwemabasa munyika.

Vagadziri veOiri vepamusoro

Nyika dzemafuta dzichava netarisiro yakasviba yehupfumi kupfuura kondinendi yese. Mairi eAfrica uye gasi vanotengesa kunze kwenyika havana kuona njodzi yakadai, sezvo mari yehydrocarbon yakakosha kubhajeti ravo uye kuzadzisa kuzvipira kwavo kune dzimwe nyika. Nigeria (2,000,000 1,750,000 1,600,000 emiti / zuva), Angola (800,000 b / d), Algeria (700 b / d), Libya (000 b / d), Egypt (350,000 280,000b / d), Congo (200,000b / d), Equatorial Guinea (150,000b / d), Gabon (150,000b / d), Ghana (120,000b / d) South Sudan (85,000b / d), Chad (19 b / d) uye Cameroon (2014 b / d) vakatarisana neCovid -2014 dambudziko iro rinogona kunge rakakomba zvakanyanya kupfuura mugore ra110, panguva yekupedzisira kwekuvhunduka kwemafuta sezvo vakatadza kusiyanisa hupfumi hwavo. Muna 60, mutengo wemafuta wakashata wakadzika kubva pamadhora zana kusvika pamadhora makumi matanhatu pabhariri uye wakazodzika kusvika pasi pemadhora makumi mana pagore muna 40 (CBN, 2015). Izvi zvinoreva kuti inodarika makumi matanhatu muzana kuderera mumari yenyika yenyika dzinoburitsa mambure.

Mari yavo yekushomeka ichave inopfuura zvakapetwa kaviri. Kusagadzikana kwemutengo wemafuta kune zvakakonzera kukura kweupfumi uye mwero wekutsinhana weNigeria uye kukanganisa kwakanangana nekukwira kwemitengo kuburikidza nemutengo wekuchinjana (Akalpler naBukar Nuhu, 2018). Naizvozvo, vagadziri vemafuta vanozove panjodzi yekudzikira kwemari yavo panguva yedambudziko iri. Kunyanya, nyika dzeCentral Africa idzo, mukati memakore apfuura, dzakange dziri pasi pemoto wekudzikiswa, dzichaedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakaderera dzekusiyana uye hupfumi hwakasimba husina peturu nehydrocarboni ndiyo inonyanya kupa mari. Oiri maakaundi anodarika hafu yemutero wemari uye anopfuura makumi manomwe muzana ezvekunze kwenyika dzenyika idzi. Nemadonhwe-emahydrocarbon mitengo uye kudonha-kugadzirwa nekuda kwekuvharwa kwemamwe makambani anobatanidzwa mumaketani ekukosha, mari inoenderana neMafuta uye mamwe mahydrocarbon anogona kudonha neinosvika makumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu muzana mukondinendi.

Dambudziko rezvehupfumi rinogona kunge rakakomba kupfuura iro rakaitika muna 2014 .I IMF inofungidzira kuti yega yega gumi muzana inoderera mumitengo yemafuta, paavhareji, kukura kwakaderera kwevanotengesa mafuta ne10 muzana uye kuwedzera kushomeka kwemari ne 0.6 muzana yeGDP.

Mutengo wemafuta wakadzikira kubva munaJune 2014 kusvika Kurume 2015, zvichikonzerwa zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwemafuta muUS nekune dzimwe nzvimbo uye kudzikisira kudiwa kwepasirese. Kudonha uku kwakatungamira kune ese ari maviri mhedzisiro kuburikidza nekutengeserana uye zvisina kunangana mhedzisiro kuburikidza nekukura uye kudyara uye shanduko mune inflation. Semuenzaniso, kuderera kwemakumi matatu muzana mumitengo yemafuta (IMF neWB inofungidzira izvi sekudonha kuri pakati pegore ra30 na2014) zvinotarisirwa kudzikisa zvakananga kukosha kwekutengeswa kwemafuta muSub-Saharan Africa ne $ 2015 bhiriyoni (vakarasikirwa zvikuru vanosanganisira Nigeria, Angola , Equatorial Guinea, Kongo, Gabon, Sudan), uye kuderedza kutengeswa kwenyika neinofungidzirwa $ 63 bhiriyoni (vanowana zvikuru vanosanganisira muSouth Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia). Iko kushambadzira kunoitika kuburikidza nehupfumi kusanganisira kuburikidza nemaakaundi azvino, chinzvimbo chemari, misika yemasheya, kudyara uye inflation. Kuderera kwemutengo wemafuta kunotarisirwa kudzikira kukura.

Kuwedzera kwechikwereti chakazvimiririra cheinenge 5 kusvika 10% yeGDP inotarisirwa munyika dzinogadzira mafuta. Kudonha kwemitengo yemafuta uye mamwe mahydrocarbon achaderedza zvakanyanya mari dzemari muchikamu chino. Inomiririra chikamu chakakura chemari yemari mune gumi vepamusoro vanogadzira mafuta, hydrocarbon mari, pamwe nekuderera kwemitengo yavo, ichave nekukanganisa kukuru pamashandisirwo emunyika dzeAfrica. Angangoita 10% kudonhedza mari yemafuta mukondinendi inotarisirwa.

Chikamu che petroleum chinomiririra gumi epamusoro evagadziri vemafuta eAfrica 10% yeGDP yavo yese. Oiri, pamwe nemamwe mahydrocarbon, anoumba zvinopfuura makumi maviri kubva muzana zveiyo GDP yenyika gumi dzakakwirira dzehupfumi (Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Angola, Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana neTanzania). Nigeria inogona kurasikirwa inosvika kumadhora 25b sezvo nyika ichigona kudzikisa huwandu hwayo hwekutengesa mafuta asina kubikwa muna 20 nepakati peUS $ 10 billion neUS $ 19 billion (zvichienzaniswa nezvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika pasina COVID2020).

Mhedzisiro yekuverenga kunoenderana nezviitiko S1 uye S2 zvinoratidza kuti hupfumi hwemu Africa hwakatungamirwa neMafuta neHydrocarbon kureva kuti boka renyika huru dzinogadzira oiri richanyanya kukanganiswa (-3% yekukura kweGDP muna 2020) kupfuura hupfumi hwepasi rose hweAfrica.

 Mhedzisiro kumusoro kwepamusoro kwekushanya

Maererano neWorld Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), indasitiri yezvekushanya yakapa 8.5% (kana $194.2bn) yegross domestic product (GDP) yekondinendi muna 2018. Uyezve, Africa yaive yechipiri-ichikurumidza kukura nharaunda yevashanyi pasi rose iine 5.6% muna 2018 kana ichienzaniswa neavhareji pasi rose. chiyero che3.9%. Kubva 1.4 bhiriyoni vanosvika kune dzimwe nyika vashanyi muna 2018, Africa yakagamuchira chete 5% maererano neUnited Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).

Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekushanya muAfrica dzinosanganisira Morocco ine vangangosvika mamirioni gumi nerimwe evashanyi pagore, Egypt (11 mamirioni), South Africa (11.35 mamirioni), Tunisia (10.47 mamirioni) uye Zimbabwe (8.3 mamirioni).

Tarisiro yeindasitiri yekushanya muAfrica yakasimba kwazvo kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe matunhu epasi. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvichawedzera pakati pe3% kusvika pa5% muna 2020. Zvisinei, nezvirambidzo zviri kuenderera mberi, mahotera ari kumisa vashandi mabasa uye masangano ekufambisa ari kuvhara munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica, kukura kwakashata kungangotarisirwa.

Hupfumi hwese hweCovid19 pane hupfumi hwenyika dzepamusoro dzevashanyi huchave hwakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura hupfumi hwese hwemuAfrica. Tourism indasitiri yakapa kune anopfuura gumi muzana muzana yeGDP yenyika dzinotevera:

Seychelles, Cape Verde, Mauritius, Gambia, Tunisia, Madagascar, Lesotho, Rwanda, Botswana, Egypt, Tanzania, Comoros neSenegal muna 2019. Munyika idzi, kukura kwehupfumi kunotarisirwa kudzikira paavhareji kukosheswa -3.3% muna 2020 nepo munyika dziri Seychelles, Cape Verde, Mauritius neGambia, iko kukanganisa kwacho kuchakwidza zvakanyanya -7% muna 2020.

Matanho ezveupfumi neMari kudzikisira kukanganisa kwehupfumi hwevanhu

Nyika dzemu Africa dzatove nemhedzisiro (kurwara nekufa) uye zvisina kunangana (zviitiko zvehupfumi zvine chekuita) zveCovid19 uye mamiriro ezvinhu anotarisirwa kuti achawedzera pasi pechinhu chipi zvacho nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwave kutobata nyika makumi mana nenhatu pakondinendi iyi. Hurumende zhinji dzemu Africa nemasangano enharaunda ari kutora matanho ekudzora hutachiona hwehupfumi hwadzo. Mimwe yeaya matanho akapfupikiswa mu tafura pazasi:

Matanho ehurumende (kusanganisira maCentral Banks) kudzikisira kukonzeresa kwehupfumi hweCoronavirus pane hupfumi hwenyika

Bureau yeMusangano weUnited

• Takatenderana kuti paumbwe mari inodzivirira COVID-19 yeContinental iyo nyika dzenhengo dzeBureau dzakabvuma kupa mari inoita US $ 12, 5 miriyoni sembeu yemari. Nhengo dzeMatunhu, nzanga dzepasi rose uye masangano anobatsira vanokurudzirwa kuti vabatsire muchikwama ichi uye kuti vape $ 4.5 miriyoni yekusimudzira kugona kwe Africa CDC.

• Yakadaidzwa kunharaunda yepasi rose kukurudzira makoridho evashambadzi akavhurika, kunyanya emishonga uye zvimwe zvekushandisa pakurapa.

• Yakakurudzira G20 kuti ipe nyika dzemu Africa michina yekurapa nekukurumidza, zvishandiso zvekuyedza, giya rekudzivirira kurwisa denda reCOVID-19 uye chirongwa chinobudirira chezvehupfumi chinosanganisira kuregererwa nekubhadharwa mari.

• Inodaidzirwa kuregererwa kwese kubhadharwa kwemubhadharo pazvikwereti zviviri nenyika dzakawanda, pamwe nekuwedzeredzwa kwekuregererwa kune yepakati, kuitira kuti ipe hurumende mari nekukasika.

Vakakurudzira World Bank, International Monetary Fund, African Development Bank nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemudunhu kuti dzishandise zviridzwa zviripo mudura ravo kubatsira kudzikamisa dambudziko iri uye kupa ruyamuro kuzvikamu zvakakosha zvemu Africa. upfumi uye nharaunda.

African Ministers of Statement Statement vakasainwa nemakurukota mazhinji emari dzemu Africa vakazivisa kuti kondinendi inoda mari inoita US $ 100bn yekuchengetedza zvirongwa zvehutano nekupokana nekushomeka kwehupfumi kunokonzerwa nechirwere ichi.

African Development Bank

AfDB yakasimudza yakasarudzika $ 3 bhiriyoni muchisungo chemakore matatu chekubatsira kudzikisira hupfumi uye zvemagariro zvinokonzerwa nedenda reCovid-19 pahupenyu nehupfumi hwe Africa.

Iyo Fight Covid-19 Yemagariro chisungo, ine makore matatu ekukura, yakawana kufarira kubva kumabhangi epakati uye nemasangano epamutemo, mabhangi matura, uye mamaneja emafaira anosanganisira Socially Responsible Investors, nemabhidi anodarika $ 4.6 bhiriyoni.

African Export- Kunze 

Bank (Afreximbank) yakazivisa nzvimbo inoita US $ 3bn yekubatsira nyika dzenhengo dzayo kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvehupfumi nezvehutano zveCovid-19. Sechikamu chayo chitsva chePandemic Trade Impact Kudzikisira

Facility (PATIMFA), Afreximbank ichapa rutsigiro rwemari kune anopfuura makumi mashanu emarudzi kuburikidza nemari yakananga, mitsara yechikwereti, vimbiso, swap-mari swaps uye zvimwe zviridzwa zvakafanana.

Ehupfumi uye Mari Komisheni yeCentral Africa States (CEMAC)

Makurukota ezvemari atora matanho anotevera:

"Nezve mutemo wezvemari pamwe nehurongwa hwezvemari, zvakagadziriswa kubvumidza kushandiswa kwehamvuropu ye $ 152.345m yakapihwa Bhizinesi reBudiriro yeCentral African States (BDEAC) neCentral Bank of African States (BEAC), kuitira mari. yezvirongwa zveveruzhinji zvine chekuita nekurwisa denda reCovid-19 nekusimbisa masisitimu ehutano ehurumende. «

Vakakurudzirawo nyika kuti dzitaurirane pamwe chete uye kuti dzikanzure zvikwereti zvavo zvese zvekunze, kuti ivape miganhu yebhajeti, ichivatendera kusangana panguva imwechete nedenda rekona uye kumutsidzirwa kwechengeto yavo zvine hutano.

Central Bank yeWest Africa States (BCEAO)

Matanho ekutanga matatu (kubva pa8) akatorwa ne BCEAO anosanganisira:

Kuwedzerwa kwenyika Central Banks kupihwa kwevhiki nevhiki kubva pamadhora mazana masere mazana masere emadhora kusvika pamadhora mapfumbamwe emadhora kuona mari yekuenderera mberi kwemabhizimusi muNhengo dzeNyika;

Kubatanidzwa kwerondedzero yemakambani akazvimirira chiuru nemazana manomwe ane zvibodzwa zvainge zvisati zvagamuchirwa mupotifoliyo. Ichi chiito chinobvumidza mabhanga kuwana zvimwe zviwanikwa zve $ 1,700bn

Kugoverwa kwemadhora makumi mashanu emadhora kuhomwe yemubhadharo yeWest Africa Development Bank (BOAD) kuibvumidza kuti ipe mari yemubhadharo uye kuwedzera huwandu hwezvikwereti zvinopa kune hurumende kupa mari yekushandisa mari nemidziyo mukurwisa denda

Bhokisi 3: Matanho ehurumende (kusanganisira maCentral Banks) kudzikisira kukonzeresa kwehupfumi hweCoronavirus pane hupfumi hwenyika

Algeria Bank yeAlgeria yakafunga kudzikisa mwero wekumanikidza kuchengetedza we10 kusvika 8% uye kudzikira ne25 hwaro poindi (0.25%), mwero wakakosha weBhangi yeAlgeria kuigadzirisa pa3.25% uye izvi kubva munaKurume 15, 2020 .

Cote d'Ivoire Hurumende yakazivisa madhora mazana maviri semhinduro yeCovid200. Kugadzwa kweChikwama kusimudzira zviitiko zvehupfumi, kutsigira mabhizinesi akanganisa kuitira kudzikisira mabasa akatemwa, nezvimwe.

Ithiyopiya Hurumende yakazivisa kuti yakapa madhora gumi emamiriyoni ekurwisa chirwere ichi uye yakaisa pfungwa-nhatu pamusoro pekuti nyika dzeG10 dzinogona sei kubatsira nyika dzemu Africa kuti dzikunde denda re coronavirus

• Inodaidzira $ 150 bhiriyoni yekubatsira - Africa Global COVID-19 Emergency Financing Package.

Kuita zvirongwa zvekudzikisira chikwereti uye kugadzirisa zvakare,

• Ipa rutsigiro kuWorld Health Organisation (WHO) uye Africa Centers for Disease

Kudzora nekudzivirira (CDC) kusimbisa hutano hweveruzhinji uye kugadzirira kwechimbichimbi mukondinendi.

IEquatorial Guinea yakazvipira kupa $ 10 miriyoni kune yakasarudzika emergency fund

Eswatini Central Bank yeEswatini yakazivisa kudzikisa huwandu hwezvibereko kubva pa6.5% kusvika pa5.5%

Gambia Central Bank yeGambia yakafunga ku:

• kudzikisa huwandu hwePolisi ne0.5 muzana kusvika pa12 muzana. Komiti yakasarudzawo

• wedzera huwandu hwezvibereko panzvimbo yekumisikidza dhipoziti Na 0.5 muzana kusvika pa3 muzana. Nzvimbo yekumira yekukweretesa yakadzikiswawo kusvika pa13 muzana kubva pa13.5 muzana (MPR pamwe ne1percentage poindi).

Ghana Hurumende yakazivisa madhora zana emadhora kusimudzira chirongwa cheGhanaV-100 yekugadzirira uye mhinduro

MPC yeBhanga reGhana yasarudza kudzikisa Monetary Policy Rate nemazana zana nemakumi mashanu ematanho kusvika pa150 muzana. Chinodiwa chePuraimari Chekuchengetedza chakadzikiswa kubva pagumi kubva muzana kusvika pamazana masere kubva muzana kuti vape mari yakawanda kumabhangi kutsigira zvikamu zvakakosha zve

Upfumi. Iyo Capital Conservation Buffer (CCB) yemabhangi e3.0 muzana yakaderedzwa kusvika 1.5 muzana. Izvi ndezvekugonesa mabhanga kupa rutsigiro rwemari runodiwa kuhupfumi. Izvi zvinobudirira kunodzikisa Kukosha Kwekukosha Kunodiwa kubva pa13 muzana kusvika pa11.5 muzana. Mari dzechikwereti dzakapfuura nekuda kweMicrofinance Institutions kwemazuva anosvika makumi matatu ichaonekwa se "Yazvino" sezvazviri kune mamwe maSDI ese. Vese vanyoreri mbozhanhare izvozvi vanobvumidzwa kushandisa avo atovepo mafoni ekunyora mafoni ekuti akwire

Minimum KYC Akaundi. Kenya Central Bank yeKenya kubatsira kudzikisira zvakashata, zvinotevera matanho echimbichimbi anozonyorera kune vanokwereta avo vane zvikwereti zvabhadharwa zvaive kusvika panguva yaKurume 2, 2020.

• Mabhangi achatsvaga kupa ruyamuro kune vanokwereta pazvikwereti zvavo pachavo zvichibva pamamiriro avo ega ega anobva kudenda.

• Kuti ape ruyamuro pazvikwereti zvemunhu, mabhanga anoongorora zvikumbiro kubva kune vanokwereta kuti vawedzerwe chikwereti chavo kwegore rinosvika. Kutanga chirongwa ichi, vakweretesi vanofanirwa kubata avo mabhengi.

• Mabhizimusi ari pakati nepakati (maSME) uye vanokwereta kumakambani vanogona kunyorera mabhanga avo kuti vaongorore nekugadzirisa zvikwereti zvavo zvichibva pamamiriro avo ezvinhu anobva mudenda iri.

• Mabhangi achasangana nemitengo yese ine chekuita nekuwedzeredzwa nekugadzirisa zvekare zvikwereti.

Kugonesa kushandiswa kwakawandisa kwemapuratifomu edhijitari, mabhanga achabvisa mari dzese dzekubvunzurudza mari

• Sekuziviswa kwambotaurwa, mari dzese dzekuchinjisa pakati penhare dzemari nenhamba dzema bank dzichibviswa. Namibia Pamakumi mavirith ya Kurume 2020, Bank yeNamibia yakasarudza kudzikisa repo rate nemazana zana poindi kusvika pa100%.

Naija Hurumende yakazivisa $ 1.63m kutsigira mhinduro yeCovid19

Nigeria Zvese nzvimbo dzekupindira dzeCBN zvinopihwa kumisikidzwa kwegore rimwe pazvinhu zvese zvakakosha zvekubhadhara, zvinoshanda munaKurume 1, 2020.

Chikamu chekufarira chinoderedzwa kubva pa9 kusvika pa5 muzana pagore kwegore rimwe rinoshanda munaKurume 1, 1 Kugadzirwa kweN2020 Bhirioni yakanangwa kiredhiti nzvimbo kumhuri uye maSME;

Kiredhiti rutsigiro rwehutano indasitiri Kuteedzera kushivirira: Ose madhipatimendi emari emabhangi anosiya achifunga zvenguva uye-nguva-isina kugadziriswazve kweiyo tenor uye mazwi echikwereti emabhizinesi uye dzimba dzakanyanya kubatwa.

CBN yaizoenderera mberi ichitsigira maindasitiri emari ekuchengetedza huwandu hweDMBs kunongedza chikwereti kune vanhu, dzimba uye mabhizinesi.

Madagascar Banky Foiben'I Madagasikara (BFM) yakazivisa:

• Tsigira zviitiko zvehupfumi nekupa mabhanga mari inodiwa yekupa hupfumi;

Akabaya $ 111 mamirioni kutanga kwaKurume uye anozobaya zvakare $ 53 miriyoni pakupera kwaKurume 2020;

• Chengetedza kuwanikwa kwemari dzekunze pamusika wemabhangi;

• Kurukurai nemabhangi nemasangano emari zvinokonzerwa nedambudziko uye nekupa mhinduro dzinodiwa.

Mauritius Bhangi reMauritius mhinduro shanu dzekuchengetedza chikwereti chichiyerera kuenda kuhupfumi:

Yakadzora iyo Key Repo Rate (KRR) ne50 base poindi kusvika ku2.85 muzana pagore.

• Yakakosha Rununuro Mari yeR5.0 Bhiriyoni kuburikidza nemabhizimusi emabhizimusi kusangana nemari inoyerera uye inoshanda mari inodiwa Bhanga repakati rakacheka mari yaro yekuchengetedza nemari muzana kusvika pa8%;

• Yakaburitsa mamirioni zana emadhora ekubhadharisa mabhizinesi ari kunetseka nehutachiona.

• Akaraira mabhanga kumisa kudzosera mari pazvikwereti zvemabhizinesi akanganiswa;

• Yakarerutsa manejimendi manejimendi pakubata kukanganisika kwechikwereti; ndokupa “mari

chisungo

Morocco Bank Al-Maghrib yakazivisa kuitwa kweiyo yakasanganiswa bhizinesi rutsigiro uye chirongwa chezvemari 20, iyo fluctuation dirham kubva pa ± 2.5% kusvika ± 5% uye vakasarudza kudzikisa huwandu hwechido ne25 muzana poindi poindi pa2% uye kuramba vachiongorora zvese izvi zvinoitika zvakanyanya.

Kuregererwa kweMabhizimusi kubva pakubhadhara mupiro muhomwe yepenjeni (CNSS) uye kumiswa kwechikwereti sechikamu chematanho ekugadzirisa kukanganisa kwehupfumi kweCovid19; $ 1bn kukwidziridza zvivakwa zvehutano nekubatsira zvikamu zvakakanganiswa Hassan II Fund nematunhu kupa $ 261m kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.

Rwanda Central Bank yakazivisa:

• Kukweretesa nzvimbo inosvika madhora makumi mashanu nemaviri emadhora kumabhangi ezvokutengeserana;

• Kudzikisa reshiyo inodiwa pachiyero kubva Kubvumbi 1 kubva pa5% kusvika pa4% kubvumidza mabhanga kuti awedzere mari kutsigira mabhizinesi akanganiswa.

• Kubvumira mabhanga ezvokutengeserana kugadzirisa patsva zvikwereti zvevakakwereta vanotarisana nekanguva kuyerera kwemari kunetsa kumuka kubva kudenda.

Seychelles Iyo Central Bank yeSeychelles (CBS) yakazivisa

• mari yekuchengetera mari yekunze inongoshandiswa chete kuwana zvinhu zvitatu - mafuta, zvekudya zvekutanga nemishonga

• kucheka Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) kusvika pazvikamu zvina kubva pazvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana

• Nzvimbo yechikwereti inosvika madhora makumi matatu nemazana matatu emadhora ichavambwa kubatsira mabhanga ezvokutengeserana nenzira yekuyamura nechimbi-chimbis.

Sierra Leone Central Bank yeSierre Leone

• Dzikisa Monetary Policy Rate nezvikamu zana nemakumi mashanu kubva pa150 muzana kusvika pa16.5 muzana.

Gadzira Le500 Billion Yakakosha Chikwereti Zvekupa Mari Kugadzirwa,

Kuwanikwa uye Kugoverwa Kwezvakakosha Zvitoro neMasevhisi.

• kupa zviwanikwa zvekutsinhana nedzimwe nyika kuti zvionekwe kubva kunze kwezvinhu zvakakosha.

Rondedzero yezvinhu zvinokodzera rutsigiro urwu ichaburitswa munguva inotevera.

• Liquidity Rutsigiro kuBhengi Chikamu.

South Africa South African Reserve Bank yakacheka chimbadzo kubva pa6.25% kusvika pa5.25% Hurumende yakazivisa chirongwa che $ 56.27m yekutsigira mabhizinesi madiki panguva yekupararira.

Tunisia Central Bank yeTunisia yakasarudza

• Ipai mabhangi mari inodiwa kuti vakwanise kuenderera mberi nebasa,

Takura-pamusoro pezvikwereti (chikuru uye chimbadzo) zvinofanirwa panguva kubva pa1st Kurume kusvika pakupera kwaGunyana 2020. Ichi chiyero chine chekuita nezvezvikwereti zvehunyanzvi zvakapihwa vatengi vanosarudzika 0 na1, vanozvikumbira kubva kumabhangi nekumisikidzwa kwemari.

Mikana yekupa mari nyowani kune vanobatsirwa nekudzoserwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira.

• iyo kuverenga uye zvinodikanwa zvekwereti / dhipoziti reshiyo ichave inochinja.

Uganda Bank yeUganda:

• Pindira mumusika wekuchinjana nevekunze kuti ubvise huwandu hwakawanda hunobva kumisika yemari yepasirese;

• Isa mune imwe nzira yekudzora senge hood yebhizimusi rine mutsindo rinopinda mukusavimbika nekuda kwekushaya chikwereti;

• Ipa rakasarudzika liguity rubatsiro kwenguva inosvika gore rimwe kumasangano ezvemari anotarisirwa neBoU angaida.

Kuregedza kusakwana pakumutsiridzwa kwenzvimbo dzechikwereti kumasangano emari anogona kuve panjodzi yekuenda kunetseka

Zambia Bank yeZambia yakafunga kuwedzera muganho kune vamiririri uye mawallet emakambani: Vanhu veTier 1 kubva pa10000 kusvika pa20000 pazuva (K) uye vanosvika zviuru zana zveVanhu Chikamu chechipiri kubva pa100,000 kusvika pa2 pazuva (k) uye mazana mazana mashanu emaSME nevarimi kubva ku20,000 kusvika ku100,000 pazuva (K) uye yakakwira chiuru chekubvisa kudzorera interbank kubhadhara uye kugadzirisa system (ZIPSS) mari yekugadzirisa.

KUFUNGWA NOKUDZIDZA

Chirwere cheCoronavirus chave chirwere chakakomba uye chinounza matambudziko akakomba pamatanho emunyika, enharaunda nepasirese. Mhedzisiro yacho, kunyangwe kana zvichinetsa kuverenga, inotarisirwa kunge yakakura nekutarisa kukurumidza kupararira kweCovid-19 uye matanho akasimba anotorwa nenyika chero saizi yavo pasirese.

Kunyangwe kana nyika dzemuAfrica dzakatadza kubatwa kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzazvino, mhedzisiro yekuvandudzwa kwepasirese kana maketani akadamburwa angangotungamira mukushomeka kwezvehupfumi. Chokwadi, kutsamira kwakanyanya kweupfumi hwemuAfrica kuenda kune dzimwe nyika hupfumi hwenyika hunofungidzira hupfumi husina kunaka hwenyika ino, hwakaongororwa paavhareji kurasikirwa kwemapoinzi e1.5 pakukura kwehupfumi 2020.

Kunze kwezvo, hazvigoneke kuti kondinendi iyi itore mukana wehupfumi wekupararira kwakapararira kweCovid-19 mune mamwe matunhu epasi, nekuda kwekusagona kwayo kushandura zvigadzirwa zvayo kuti zvipindure kune zvingangoda kudiwa kwazvo kwezvinhu nemasevhisi. misika yepamba neyekunze. Vanogona kuita sechipingamupinyi pakuwedzera shanduko ine zvibereko muAfrica, nekuita kuti kutengeserana muukoshi kuwedzere kuoma.

Zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu angave ekuvimba kana kusava netariro, Covid-19 ichave nekukuvadza magariro ehupfumi ku Africa.

Mazano

Hupfumi nehupfumi hwevanhu hweCovid-19 dambudziko nderechokwadi. Saka zvakakosha kuti uzive vanhu pamusoro pezvekukanganisa uye mazano evanogadzira kuitira kuti vagadzirire zvirinani uye kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwedenda iri.

Panyaya iyi, bepa iri rinogadzira marongero emutemo mumhando mbiri: i) Avo vanopindura iyo  pakarepo mamiriro; uye ii) izvo zvinoenderana nezvakabuda padenda iri.

Zviito zvekukurumidza:
Nyika dzeAfrica dzinofanirwa:

 Tarisa zvakarongeka zviitiko zvese zvinofungidzirwa kuitira kuti utarise kukurumidza kwehutachiona, nekutsvaga zvakanyanya sezvingabvira hutachiona, uye kudzivirira kusangana pakati pevarwere vane hutachiona uye huwandu hwevanhu vane hutano;

 Kuvharira pasi vanhu vese vakashatiswa kumba uye mukati memiganhu yenyika kuti ive nekupararira kwenguva pfupi, uye kuongorora kana matanho ekusungwa anofanirwa kuitwa zvakanyanya:

 Rondedzera zviverengero zvehutano uye shanda pamwe chete neWHO neAfrican Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, kuona kudzora kuri pachena kwedambudziko, nekuchengetedza chivimbo chevagari muhurongwa hwehutano hweveruzhinji;

Ise Ongorora bhajeti yavo kuti vakwanise kuisa pamberi pekushandisa muhurongwa hwekuchengetedza hutano zvinosanganisira zvivakwa zvinodiwa uye zvigadzirwa, kutenga mishonga yemishonga uye yezvokurapa zvigadzirwa, zvishandiso uye zvishandiso, nezvimwe;

 Gadzira mari yechimbichimbi yekuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, kunyanya kunanga vashandi vasina kurongwa vasina kuchengetedzwa munharaunda uye vangangokanganiswa nedambudziko.

 Wedzera mari yekutsvagisa kwekurapa. Chiitiko chakaratidza kuti pakati pehomwe yemari yakapihwa kutsvagisa nekusimudzirwa kwemajekiseni anenge asisipo ayo anotadzisa nyika kugona kupindura panguva yedenda.

Shanda nenharaunda yemuno, hurumende uye vezvemabhizimusi kuronga nzira-ye-hurumende yese kupfuura dambudziko rehutano nemhinduro dzetaylor dzekudzivirira uye kurapwa kune zvemuno mamiriro. Govera zvemari, kuwana dhata, uye rutsigiro rwemutemo kukurumidza kuteedzera kuwedzera kwemhinduro dzekuvandudza;

 Simudzira kugoverana kuri pachena kweruzivo kuzivisa vagari uye kudzikamisa kupararira kwemanyepo31  mation ("nhau dzenhema");

 Gadzirira masangano ezvehutano kuti atarisire nharaunda dzakasiyana dzakatarisana, kusanganisira vakadzi, vechidiki, vakwegura.

 Funga kukwereta mari yechimbichimbi pamusika wepasi rose kutsigira kushandisa mari sezvo mwero wekufarira wekutengeserana uripasi; uye nyika dzinogona kusangana nekushaikwa kwemari semhedzisiro yekudonha kwemitero yemitero uye nemari yakakwira yekushandisa;

 Tora matanho ezvehupfumi neezvemari kutsigira mabhizinesi, maSME nevanhuwo zvavo semhinduro kumabasa echinguvana akachekwa kuchengetedza zviitiko zvehupfumi, senge vimbiso kuchikwereti chevanhu vakazvimirira.

Kumbira maCentral Banks kuti adzikise chimbadzo chekuwedzera zvikwereti kumabhizinesi (uye kudzikisa mutengo wavo) uye nekupa mabhangi ezvokutengeserana nemari yakawanda yekutsigira zviitiko zvebhizinesi. Pazvinenge zvakakodzera,

Central Banks inofanirwa kutarisa kudzokorora zvimwe zvinangwa (inflation yakaderera kune 3%) kwenguva pfupi uye nekuda kwemamiriro ekukurumidzira;

 Mira ipapo zvese mubhadharo pazvikwereti zvebhizimusi, mabhondi emakambani, kubhadhara mari dzekurenda uye kumisikidza mitsetse yemabhangi epakati kuona kuti nyika nemabhizimusi vanogona kuenderera mberi nekutenga zvinhu zvakakosha pasina kushayisa simba kubhengi.

 Kutanga fiscal inosimudzira mapakeji kudzikisira kukanganisa kwechirwere checoronavirus pane hupfumi hwenyika. Gadzirira kukurudzira kwemari kune Vateresi vanokanganiswa neCovid-19 uye funga kumiswa mutero;

Kubhadhara mutero unobhadharwa munzvimbo dzakakomba uye kutsvagirwa kwenzvimbo nevehuruzhinji mukugadzirisa dambudziko iri kwaizotsigira maSME nemamwe mabhizinesi.

Ene Ronga zvakare zvirongwa zvekubhadhara chikwereti zvekunze, uye mamiriro ekuti uone kusevenzeswa kwechikwereti, kusanganisira kumiswa kwemitero yemitero yenguva yenguva yedambudziko, inofungidzirwa pamadhora makumi mana nemakumi mana emamiriyoni emadhora mugore ra44, pamwe nekuwedzeredzwa kwenguva yechirongwa;

Shevedza kumiswa-kwe-moto nevapanduki nemapoka ane zvombo kuti vaone kuti hapana chinovhiringidza mukuyedza kuita denda iri. Iyo Covid-19 inouya panguva iyo mamwe matunhu atotarisana nematambudziko anotyisa ehunyoro, gakava nemhirizhonga nekuda kwehugandanga, kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye / kana shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kurwiswa kuchangobva kuitika kwakaitwa neBoko Haram boka rakashongedzwa muChad iro rakauraya varwi vanosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri musi wa92 Kurume.

Iyo AUC inofanira:

Tungamira nhaurirano dzechirongwa chekuda kudzima chikwereti chemuAfrica chekunze (US236 bhiriyoni). Yekutanga kurongeka kwehukuru ndiko kushevedzwa kweMutungamiriri weEthiopiya Abiy Ahmed kuti abhadhare $ 150 bhiriyoni sechikamu che Africa Global COVID-19 Emergency Financing Package;

Ordin Kuratidzira kuburikidza ne Africa CDC kuyedza kwese kwekuunganidza marabhoritari, kuongorora, uye imwe rutsigiro rwekupindura panokumbirwa uye nekuona kuti zvekurapa zvinoenda panonyanya kudiwa.

Ordin Kuratidzira zviito zvavo zvezvematongerwo enyika kuti vataure nezwi rimwe chete mumaforamu epasi rose seIMF, World Bank,

United Nations, G20, AU-EU misangano uye kumwe kudyidzana;

Ordin Kuratidzira kuyedza kunoitwa nevagadziri vemitemo, Matunhu eDunhu reEconomics, pamwe nenharaunda dzepasi rose kukoshesa kupindira mune dzakawanda nyika dzinotambura idzo dzinotarisana nekuvhunduka kwekunze mukutengeserana;

 Kusimudzira kubatana, kushandira pamwe, kubatsirana, kutsigirana uye kudzidza kwevamwe pakati penhengo dzeMatunhu. Zviito zvinogona kuitika ndezvekushandira pamwe neRECs: gadzira chinotarisa pane zvehutano uye zvehupfumi pamberi pekutarisa maitiro mhinduro kuCovid-19;

 Dzorera kutengeserana mukushandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza, nekuona kuti kuvhara kwemiganhu hakukonzere dambudziko rekudya, kunyanya muWest Africa uko kupihwa chikafu kuri kushomeka uye uko nyika dzinovimba nekutengwa kwezvirimwa zvekudya zvakadai semupunga gorosi kubva kuAsia.

Chengetedza zvakanyanya kune kodzero dzevanhu mamiriro evapoteri nevatorwa, uko kuremara kwenzanga kungave kuri kunetsa kuita asi ivo vari panjodzi yedambudziko. uye

 Kugadzira nzira dzekubatanidza dzekuona nekutarisa kupararira kwekupararira, kuronga mapinduriro emitemo nenhengo dzenyika uye mukati maRECs, kuronga mashandiro ezvematongerwo enyika kuti izwi reAfrica rinzwike padanho repasirese, kunyanya pakubvisa chikwereti.

Iwo Matunhu eDunhu Ehupfumi anofanirwa:

Kugadzira nzira dzekubatanidza dzekuona kupararira kwekupararira, ronga mhinduro dzemitemo nenhengo dzenhengo mukati meREC; uye

• Pazvinenge zvakakodzera kufambidzana pamwe chete marongero emari neyemari ekuwedzera nhengo dzenyika zviwanikwa uye kugona kuita marongero anopesana.

Post-denda zviito

Nyika dzemu Africa dzinoratidzwa zvakanyanya nekukatyamadzwa kwekunze. Shanduko yemamiriro ezvinhu inodiwa kuitira kuti kuchinjwe maitiro ekutengeserana enyika dzeAfrica mukati mavo pamwe nepasi rose kunyanya neChina, Europe, USA nedzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira. Africa inofanira kushandura denda razvino reCovid-19 kuita mukana wekududzira marongero emutemo pane shanduko ine zvibereko pane shanduko ine zvibereko.

inotsanangurwa mu Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) 2019: 2019: Kuzadzikisa Chinobudirira Shanduko kuva yechokwadi kuitira kuti igadzire hupfumi hunogadzikana nekuvhunduka kwekunze uye huve nekusimudzira kwakasimba.

Naizvozvo, nyika dzeAfrica dzinorayirwa ku:

 kusiyanisa nekushandura hupfumi hwavo nekusimbisa kugona kweanobatsira vega vega vemuAfrica kushandura mbishi munzvimbo. Izvi zvichasimudzirawo zviwanikwa zvemumba kuunganidza uye kudzikisa kondinendi kutsamira pakuyerera kwemari yekunze, inomira pa11.6% yeGDP yeAfricakuenzaniswa ne6.6% yenyika dzezvehupfumi dzichiri kusimukira;

 Wedzera kugadzirwa kwekurima uye kusimudzira cheni dzekukosha kwechikafu kusangana nekushandisa mudzimba uye kondinendi. Sub-Saharan Africa yakashandisa mari inosvika US $ 48.7 bhiriyoni mukutenga zvekudya (US $ 17.5 bhiriyoni yezviyo, US $ 4.8 bhiriyoni yehove, nezvimwewo), chikamu chayo chinogona kuiswa zvakare mukurima kweAfrica (FAO, 2019) . Kuedza kweTanzania pakuzviriritira mumupunga nechibage kunofanira kurumbidzwa uye kuratidza muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica.

 Pedzisa kusaina uye kusimbisa kweAfrican Medicine Agency (AMA) uye Simbisa kudyidzana kweveruzhinji vega kuti vabudise zvigadzirwa zvekurapa uye zvemishonga kuitira kudzikisa zvinotengeswa muAfrica uye nekuona kudzora kwemhando yepamusoro;

 Gadzira nzira dzekuvandudza dzemari pahutano: hurumende dzinofanirwa kusimudzira mari inosimbisa masisitimu ehutano kugonesa kurapa nekukurumidza;

 Unganidza zviwanikwa zvemumba zvakakwana zvehutano kugonesa masisitimu ezvehutano kusangana nezvinodiwa mumabasa ehutano kusanganisira kubvisa zvirwere zvinoremedza zvakanyanya, kudzivirira uye kubata kwekuputika, mukondinendi;

 Sunga shanduko yedhijitari kushandura hupfumi hwemu Africa kuti uwane zvinangwa 2063 uye kugadzirisa kushaikwa kwemabasa kwevechidiki, uye kuita kuti zviitwe nezviyero zvekudzivirira (semuenzaniso kushandira telefoni kwevashandi vevachena machena); uye

 Kukasitsa kuzadzikiswa kweKondinendi Yemahara Mahara Ekutengeserana Nzvimbo uye Masangano Ehupfumi kuti vabudirire maindasitiri nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Iyo AUC inofanira:

 Re-inforce hutano uye magariro ekudzivirira masisitimu enyika dzeAfrica;

 Ramba uchisimudzira shanduko ine zvibereko uye kusimudzira chikamu chakazvimirira chekushandura zviwanikwa zvemuno muAfrica;

Kutaurirana neOECD hupfumi hwekuti fiscal stimulus package yavanoshandisa haina zvazvinobatsira pasi rose pakudzorera Global Value Chains kuOECD, nokudaro ichikanganisa nzira dzekushandura dzine zvibereko muAfrica;

Tungamira nhaurirano yekutsvaga kutsvaga kuti iwane zvinodiwa nenhengo dzenyika, kunyanya kubva kuIMF, iyo inomira yakagadzirira kuunganidza madhora 1 trillion ekukweretesa mukana wekubatsira nhengo dzayo. Izvi zviridzwa zvinogona kupa muchirongwa che $ 50 bhiriyoni kune dzichiri kusimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira hupfumi. Kusvikira kumadhora gumi emadhora anogona kuitirwa nhengo dzinotambira mari shoma kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzemari dzekubhadhara, dzinotakura zero zero;

Kuona kuti mhinduro yepasirese yapihwa kuronga kuenderera kwekupinda kwemari mu Africa, kusanganisira mari dzinotumirwa, FDI, ODA, mari yekudyara, kunyanya nekusimudzira chikuva chekutaurirana kwemitemo inounganidza hurumende dze Africa, vanobatana navo pasirese, pamwe nemasangano akazvimirira. vatambi vanokwanisa kubatsira kushambadza dambudziko rehutano nehupfumi;

 Kutsigira nyika mukuyedza kwavo kugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvemumba pamwe nekurwisa kurwisa kwemari zvisiri pamutemo kuti zviwane pundutso yayo; uye

 Gadzira uye uteedzere inobudirira shanduko ajenda pane yepakati-nguva nemaNhengo Nyika;

 Kugadziridza Africa kuti ishandise mukana wakazara weshanduko inotarisirwa kuitika mushure mecovid-19 dambudziko, sezvo hupfumi hukuru hungangopatsanura nzvimbo dzavanogadzira nekuchinjisa chikamu chavo kuenda kune mamwe matunhu nekupa vechidiki hunyanzvi hunodiwa kukwezva Nyika zhinji. Enterprises (MNEs) uye vamwe vatengesi vepasirese. Izvi zvakare zvine bhenefiti yekusimudzira shanduko yemuno uye kuendesa kwakanaka kwehunyanzvi mune yeAfCFTA mamiriro. Iyo coronavirus yakaratidza muganho weChina uri wega wepasi rose Kugadzira hub nekuda kwebasa rakachipa uye rinokwanisa.