COPENHAGEN - Kuzivisa "inyaya yekurarama," imwe yenyika diki pasi rose, ichitaura nezvezvitsuwa zviri munjodzi kwese-kwese, yakatora masimba epasi rose emaindasitiri neoiri neChitatu pamusangano weUN mamiriro ekunze - ndokurasikirwa.
“Madam President, nyika yakationa. Nguva yokuverengera yapera,” Ian Fry, nhume yenharaunda yepakati pePacific yeTuvalu, akazivisa kudaro sezvaaikumbira musangano wakazara kuti udziviswe zvine utsinye kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa simba kupfuura zviri kufungwa.
Kurambwa uku kunoratidza kupatsanurwa kwevarombo kunofukidza musangano uyu, chokwadi chave kuita kuti zvimwe zvitsuwa zvifunge nezvekubuda kwevanhu kana danho repasi rose pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze rikatadza.
Kunyanya, Tuvalu yakakumbira kugadzirisa chibvumirano chemamiriro ekunze che1992 UN kuti ide kudzikiswa kwakanyanya mukubuda kwegasi rinopisa, zvakadzika kupfuura zviri kufungwa nemasimba makuru.
Kugadziriswa uku kungadai kwakasungira nyika dzepasi rose kuchengetedza kudziya kwepasi - kukwira kwekushisa kunoperekedzwa nekukwira kwemakungwa - kusvika pa1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) pamusoro pemazinga asati atanga maindasitiri. Ingori 0.75 madhigirii C (1.35 madhigirii F) akakwira kupfuura kuwedzera kusvika panguva ino. Nyika dzakapfuma dziri kuvavarira kudzikisa hutsi hunodzikamisa kudziya kusvika pa2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F).
Izvo zvakare zvingadai zvakagadzirisa kushandiswa kwefossil-mafuta inosunga zviri pamutemo kuUS uye kuChina, India nedzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira idzo kusvika parizvino dzisati dzatarisana nezvisungo zvakadaro.
Tuvalu's gambit, yakatsigirwa neGrenada, iyo Solomons nedzimwe nyika dzezvitsuwa imwe neimwe pauriri hweCavernous Bella Center, yakakurumidza kusangana nekupikiswa kwakasimba kubva kumafuta hofori yeSaudi Arabia, iyo yaizokuvadzwa nekudzika kwakasimba mukushandiswa kwemafuta, uye kubva kuChina. uye India. Nhumwa dzeAmerica dzakaramba dzakanyarara.
Connie Hedegaard, purezidhendi weDanish wemusangano uyu, akati danho rake padanho iri richange "rakaoma uye zvakare rakareruka," sezvo danho rekufambisira mberi chikumbiro ichi chaizoda kubvumirana. Akaramba kuiendesa ku "boka rekuonana," nhanho inotevera mukuita.
"Iyi inyaya yetsika," Fry akaramba. "Haifanire kumiswa zvakare."
Gare gare Chitatu, mazana evechiduku vanorwira mamiriro okunze enyika yose, vachiimba “Tuvalu! Tuvharu!" uye “Teerera zvitsuwa!” vakazarisa musuwo wehoro yemusangano apo veAmerica nedzimwe nhumwa dzaipinda muchirongwa chemasikati.
Kukakavadzana kwakanyanya pamusoro penyaya dzakakosha kwakauya muzuva rechitatu remusangano wemavhiki maviri, unotarisirwa kuburitsa zviri nani pane chibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika pakuderedza hutsi - zvinosungirwa nyika dzemaindasitiri, kuzvipira kuChina nedzimwe hupfumi huri kusimukira - kuti dziitwe pamutemo. chibvumirano gore rinouya.
Kuderedzwa uku kwaizotsiva mugove wakatemerwa nyika 37 dzakabudirira neKyoto Protocol ya1997, iyo yakapera muna 2012. US yakaramba chibvumirano cheKyoto.
Magumo emusangano weCopenhagen anouya mukupera kwesvondo rinouya apo Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaBarack Obama, nevamwe vatungamiri venyika vanodarika zana vanosangana muguta guru reDenmark kwemaawa ekupedzisira ehurukuro dzingava dzakanetsa.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, sangano resainzi rinotsigirwa neUN, rinoti makungwa ari kukwira nemamirimita matatu (3 inches) pagore. Mamiriro ayo akaipisisa anoona makungwa achikwira neinosvika 0.12 centimeters (60 tsoka) ne2, kubva pakuwedzera kupisa uye kuyerera kweaizi yakanyunguduka. Masayendisiti ekuBritain anocherekedza kuti utsi hwazvino uno hunoenderana neiyo IPCC yakaipisisa.
Mwero wegungwa wakadaro unokwira zvakanyanya kutyisidzira nyika pazvitsuwa zvakaderera, seTuvalu neKiribati muPacific, uye Maldives muIndian Ocean.
"Masendimita makumi matanhatu anogona kuita mutsauko mukuru kwazvo munzvimbo yakaita seKiribati," nyanzvi yekuAustralia yekutungamira mahombekombe egungwa Robert Kay akadaro neChitatu mumharidzo parutivi pemusangano weCopenhagen. Kay airatidza fungidziro yekufamba kwenguva yekuti gungwa richadya sei pakamanikana - dzimwe nguva 200-mita-yakafara - zvitsuwa zvakaita seTarawa muKiribati.
Yakatotanga muKiribati, uko vagari vepachitsuwa vari kutamburira kuchengetedza migwagwa, dzimba uye zvivako zvavose kubva pakuwedzera kutyisidzira “mafungu amambo” mavhiki maviri oga oga. Matsime avo atanga kusauka nemvura yomugungwa. Mumwe musha wakasiiwa mumvura yakakwira muchiuno, mukuru wenhumwa dzeKiribati, Betarim Rimon, akaudza The Associated Press.
Kunze kwemadziro egungwa uye mamwe matanho ekukurumidza, akadaro, vatungamiriri venyika yezvitsuwa vane chirongwa che “pakati penguva”, chekuisa huwandu hwevanhu zviuru zana negumi pazvitsuwa zvitatu zvichavakwa zvakakwirira nerubatsiro rwepasi rose. Vanhu vava kugara pamaatoll makumi matatu nemaviri akapararira pamusoro pemamiriyoni maviri emakiromita egungwa.
"Hapana munhu mukamuri ino angade kusiya nyika yake," munyori wezvekunze weKiribati, Tessie Lambourne, akaudza chiitiko chedivi. “Ndiko kubatana kwedu pamweya nemadzitateguru edu. Hatidi kusiya nyika yedu.”
Asi "kana tichifanira kuenda, hatidi kuenda sevapoteri vezvakatipoteredza," akadaro Lambourne, achitaura nezvechirongwa chenguva refu chekuti vagari veKiribati vadzidziswe kuti vatame sevashandi vane hunyanzvi. Nerubatsiro rweAustralia, makumi mana eKiribati, sekudanwa kwavanoitwa, vari kudzidziswa sevanamukoti gore rega rega muAustralia.
Saizvozvowo, vatungamiriri veTuvalu, nyika ine vanhu zviuru gumi, vari kutarisira ramangwana, vachitsvaka mvumo yekugarisa vanhu veTuvalu muAustralia.
Greenpeace yaive pakati pemasangano ezvemamiriro ekunze airatidzira neChitatu kurambwa kweTuvalu danho rekuda hurongwa hwekudzikisa hutsi.
"Chibvumirano chinosunga zviri pamutemo chete ndicho chinogona kupa nyika idzi chivimbo chekuti ramangwana radzo rakavimbiswa," Martin Kaiser weGreenpeace akadaro.
Asi masayendisiti anoti kuburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kwatove "mupombi" - kudziya zvishoma nezvishoma mhepo - inovimbisa kuti zvitsuwa zvakadzika nemahombekombe, senge Bangladesh, zvichatarisana nekufashukira kubva kumafungu nemadutu ari kuwedzera simba.
Makungwa ari kukwira anotyisidzira mahombekombe kwese kwese asi, vagari vepazvitsuwa vanotaura, hurumende dzinotarisira nzvimbo dziri mungozi dzakadai sechitsuwa cheLower Manhattan neShanghai dzine mari nezviwanikwa zvekudzidzivirira pakupisa kwakanyanya kwepasi.
Imwe fungidziro yakabva kuna Fred Smith weCompetitive Enterprise Institute, Washington free-market think tank anoti US nekunze danho rekurambidza kushandiswa kwemafuta richakanganisa hupfumi zvakanyanya. Anotenda kuti hupfumi hushoma ndiyo inotsigira yakanakisa zvitsuwa.
"Kana chinotarisisa muzana rino chiri pakugadzira hupfumi, saka zvitsuwa zvichave zvakagadzirira zvirinani njodzi kana dzikazoitika," akadaro parunhare kubva kuWashington.
