Pasinei nematambudziko akawanda, kubva kuterroir kusvika kune zvematongerwo enyika, maIsrael akakwanisa kukunda zvipingamupinyi izvi uye kuwana budiriro inoshamisa.
Muchikamu chezvikamu zviviri, ndinoongorora zvipingamupinyi zvinotarisana nemapiyona e Waini yeIsrael industry. Kubva pahwaro chaihwo hweminda yavo yemizambiringa kusvika kuoma kunzwisisa kwekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, zvipingamupinyi izvi zvakaedza kusimba kwavo uye kutsunga kwavo. Nekudaro, chinokurudzira zvechokwadi mabudiro avakaita vachikunda, vachizvivezera nzvimbo yakasarudzika. padanho repasi rose rewaini.
Muchikamu chekutanga chenhevedzano, ini ndinoongorora akasiyana eterroir matambudziko akasangana nevagadziri vewaini veIsrael. Kusiyana-siyana kwemamiriro ekunze, kusiyanisa kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kuumbwa kwevhu zvakaunza zvipingamupinyi zvakakura, zvinoda maitiro matsva uye kunyatsotarisisa kune zvakadzama. Kunyangwe izvi zvakaoma, maIsrael vintners vakaratidza kuchinjika kunoshamisa uye kugona, kugadzira mazambiringa ewaini izvo zvinoratidza pfungwa yavo yakasiyana yenzvimbo.
Chikamu chechipiri chenhevedzano chinotarisa pane imwe winery iyo yakawana kuzivikanwa kunoshamisa pasi rose. Winery iyi yakakwanisa kukunda zvipingaidzo izvo vamwe vazhinji vakatarisana nazvo. Kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wehutungamiriri hwechiono, hunyanzvi husingaenzaniswi, uye kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinodiwa nevatengi, vakazvisimbisa sechiedza chehunyanzvi mukati meindasitiri yewaini yeIsrael.
Ndinotenda iyi-zvikamu zviviri zvakatevedzana zvichapa ruzivo rwakakosha uye kujekesa rwendo runoshamisa rweindasitiri yewaini yeIsrael. Inoshanda sechiratidzo chekusimba uye kutsunga kwevagadziri vewaini ava, vasina kungokunda matambudziko asiwo vakabudirira mukutarisana nematambudziko.
Waini Yakakura. "Zvinoitika" Kugadzirwa muIsrael
Indasitiri yekugadzira waini yeIsrael yakaona kukura nekuzivikanwa; zvisinei, inotarisana nematambudziko kana zvasvika pakuwana kubudirira kwepasi rose. Pane zvikonzero zvishoma nei kuve wakanaka kana mukuru zvisingawanzo kukwana kuvimbisa budiriro yevagadziri vewaini veIsrael:
Makwikwi emusika: Musika wepasi rose wewaini unokwikwidza zvakanyanya, nenyika dzakasimbiswa dzinogadzira waini dzakaita seFrance, Italy, Spain, nedzimwe dziri kutonga indasitiri. Waini dzeIsrael dzinowanzofanirwa kukwikwidza nemhando dzakanyatsosimbiswa uye dzinozivikanwa kubva kunyika idzi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuwana mugove wemusika uye kuzivikanwa.
Maonero uye Nemukurumbira: Pasinei nekuvandudzika kwemhando yewaini yeIsrael, maonero uye mukurumbira weindasitiri yewaini yenyika inogona kusarira kumashure kwemamwe matunhu anozivikanwa ewaini. Kukunda stereotypes uye fungidziro dzekare nezvemhando yewaini yeIsrael inogona kuve chipingamupinyi mukubudirira mumisika yepasirese.
Kugadzirwa Kushoma uye Kugovera: Kugadzirwa kwewaini kweIsrael kudiki kana zvichienzaniswa nenyika huru dzinogadzira waini. Kugadzirwa uku kushoma kunogona kuita kuti zviome kune vanogadzira waini veIsrael kuti vawane hupfumi hwehukuru uye kusvika kune yakakura kugovera network. Kuendesa kunze waini kumisika yepasirese kunogona kudhura uye kunetsa nekuda kwezvinhu zvekugadzirisa uye zvinodiwa zvekutonga.
Kushambadzira uye Kushambadzira: Kubudirira kushambadzira uye kushambadzira kunoita basa rakakosha mukubudirira kwechero brand yewaini. Vagadziri vewaini veIsrael vanogona kutarisana nekunetseka mukusimudzira waini yavo pasi rose nekuda kwekushomeka kwebhajeti rekushambadzira kana kudiwa kweakawanda hunyanzvi nzira dzekushambadzira kuvaka ruzivo rwemhando uye kusvika kune vatengi vatsva.
Pasinei nematambudziko aya, vagadziri vewaini veIsrael vanoramba vachigadzira mawaini akasarudzika, uye kuedza kwavo kwatanga kuwana kuzivikanwa munharaunda yese yewaini. Nekutarisa pamhando, hunyanzvi, hukama hwehukama, uye kushambadzira kunoshanda, Vagadziri vewaini veIsrael vari kushanda kuti vawane budiriro yakakura uye nekuwedzera kuvepo kwavo mumusika wewaini wepasi rose.
Zvakakosha Munhoroondo
Israel ine nhoroondo yakapfuma yekugadzira waini inotangira zviuru zvemakore. Munguva yeUmambo hweRoma (6-135 CE), waini yaibva kuIsraeri yaitsvakwa zvikuru uye yaitengeswa kuRoma nedzimwe nharaunda. Zvimwe zvakakosha zvewaini iyi kubva kuIsrael yekare zvinosanganisira:
Mazambiringa Newaini Yemazuva Ano: Waini yaigadzirwa muIsraeri yekare yaiwanzonyorwa kare uye yaizivikanwa negore rayaigadzirwa. Tsika iyi yaibvumira vatengi kuona zera nekukura kwewaini, chinhu chaikosheswa zvikuru munguva dzeRoma.
Zita reWinemaker: Amphorae yaiva newaini yakanga ine zita rewaini yakanyorwa pairi. Izvi zvakaratidza kudada neunyanzvi uye zvakabvumira vatengi kuziva mavambo nemukurumbira wewaini yavainwa.
Mazambiringa akakora uye anotapira: Kuravira kwaidiwa panguva iyoyo kwakatsamira kuwaini yaive yakakora uye inotapira. Mazambiringa aya angangove akagadzirwa kubva kumazambiringa akakohwewa pane imwe nguva yekuibva, zvichikonzera huwandu hweshuga uye kutaridzika kwakanyanya. Kutapira kwacho kungadai kwakaita kuti waini iwedzere kunakidza kune yekare yeRoma palate.
Wedzero Yemvura: Zvakanga zvakajairika munyika yekare kunyungudutsa waini nemvura (kureva, mvura inodziya, mvura ine munyu)
vasati vadya. Tsika iyi yainyanya kutekeshera mutsika dzechiRoma, apo waini yaiwanzosanganiswa nehuwandu hwemvura nezvimwe zvinhu (kureva, makwenzi nezvinonhuhwira; zvaigaro chengetwa mumidziyo yakavharwa neresin ichigadzira kunhuwirira kwakafanana nerestina) kuti uwane kuravira kwaunoda uye doro. level.
Kukosha kwenhoroondo kwewaini yeIsrael panguva yeHumambo hweRoma kunoratidza tsika dzekare dzekuita waini dzenyika uye hunyanzvi. Nekudaro, sezvambotaurwa, kunyangwe iine hwaro hwakasimba hwenhoroondo uye waini dzakanakisa, kubudirira mumusika wemazuva ano wewaini wepasi rose kunoda kukunda matambudziko akasiyana ane chekuita nemakwikwi, maonero, kushambadzira, uye kugovera. Zvakadaro, nhaka uye ruzivo rwakapfuudzwa kuburikidza nezvizvarwa zvevagadziri vewaini muIsrael inoramba iri chinhu chakakosha kuindasitiri yewaini yenyika.
Unyanzvi
Pamusoro pemazana emakore echiitiko, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzira mazambiringa makuru - uye Israeri anazvo zvese:
Mazambiringa akasiyana-siyana: Mazambiringa eIsrael anowanzoratidza marudzi ekare echiFrench neItaly mazambiringa, akafanana neaya anowanikwa mune dzimwe nyika dzeNyika Itsva dzinobudisa waini. Kunyange paine mazambiringa mashoma anogadzirwa kubva kumazambiringa emuno, chinotarisika chinenge chiri pamhando dzinozivikanwa pasi rose. Izvi zvinobvumira vagadziri vewaini kukwidziridza hunhu uye hunhu hwakabatana neaya marudzi emazambiringa, ayo akakwenenzverwa uye akakwana kwemazana emakore ekugadzira waini.
Mediterranean Climatic Conditions: Mamiriro ekunze eIsrael anoonekwa nekupisa, kunyorova kwezhizha uye kunyorova kwechando, izvo zvakanakira kurima mazambiringa. Aya akajairwa mamiriro ekunze eMedithera anobatsira mukukura kwemazambiringa ane concentrated flavour uye acidity yakaenzana. Pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze, zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita senzvimbo yemunda wemizambiringa, materu, materu kwakananga, zvivakwa zvevhu, uye maitiro epapurazi anoita basa rakakosha munharaunda yese yemunda wemizambiringa. Zvinhu izvi zvinopesvedzera kunaka kwemazambiringa uye zvinogona kuguma neakasarudzika maprofile.
Iyo Wine Cellar: Maitiro anoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira waini mukamuri yekuvharira anokanganisa chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Vagadziri vewaini vanonyatsogadzirisa maitiro ekuvirisa, kusanganisira kudzora tembiricha, yeast sarudzo, uye maceration matekiniki ekuwana anodiwa maprofiles. Mamiriro ekuchembera uye ekuchengetedza, senge kusarudzwa kwembiru dzemuouki kana matangi esimbi asina tsvina, anobatsirawo mukuvandudzwa kwezvitaera zvewaini. Kugara uchitarisa uye nguva yakakodzera kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti nhanho yega yega yekugadzira winemaking inoitwa nemazvo.
Nepo panogona kunge pasina kana imwe kamukira yekugadzira waini yakanakisa, musanganiswa wezvinhu izvi, pamwe nehunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwevagadziri vewaini, zvinobatsira kune huwandu hwese hwewaini yeIsrael. Kuzvipira kune yakakodzera nguva, kutarisisa kune zvakadzama, uye kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa mukamuri yekuvharira kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti waini inosvika pakugona kwavo kuzere.
Migwagwa yemigwagwa
Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinomisa kugona kweIsrael kukwikwidza zvine mutsindo padanho rewaini repasi rose. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
Acreage yemunda wemizambiringa yakaganhurirwa: Israel ine nzvimbo diki inokodzera kurima mizambiringa kana ichienzaniswa nenyika dzakaita seItari, Spain, neFrance. Izvi zvinomisa huwandu hwemazambiringa anogona kurima uye, zvichizodaro, huwandu hwewaini inogadzirwa.
Mamiriro ekunze: Mamiriro ekunze eIsrael anowanzozivikanwa seMediterranean, nekupisa nekuoma kwezhizha. Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ekunze aya akanakira mamwe marudzi emazambiringa, anogonawo kupa matambudziko akadai sekushaikwa kwemvura uye njodzi yezvirwere zvemuzambiringa. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka uye huwandu hwemazambiringa akohwewa.
Kushaikwa kwekuzivikanwa pasi rese: Kuenzaniswa nenyika dzechinyakare dzinogadzira waini dzakaita seItari, France, neSpain, mazambiringa eIsrael ane nhoroondo pfupi uye haanyanyozivikanwa pasi rese. Kuvaka mukurumbira uye kumisa kuzivikanwa kwewaini yeIsrael kunotora nguva uye nekubatana kushambadzira kuedza.
Musika wepamusha wakaganhurirwa: Israel ine vanhu vashoma, uye musika wepamba wekunwa waini hauna kukosha semune dzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinonyanya kukoshesa kutengesa kunze kwenyika kune veIsrael wineries kuti vawane hupfumi hwehukuru uye pundutso.
Geopolitical factors: Mamiriro ezvinhu eIsrael geopolitical, nekuva pedyo kwayo nenzvimbo dzemakakatanwa, dzimwe nguva anogona kukanganisa kutengeserana uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika. Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika mudunhu kunogona kugadzira kusagadzikana uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa anokanganisa indasitiri yewaini.
Kunyangwe izvi zvisingakwanisi, vagadziri vewaini veIsrael vakafambira mberi zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura, vachigadzira waini yemhando yepamusoro iyo yakawana kuzivikanwa mumakwikwi epasi rose. Nekuwedzera kwekudyara muminda yemizambiringa, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira waini, uye kuedza kwekushambadzira, indasitiri yewaini yeIsrael inoramba ichishanduka nekuvandudza chinzvimbo chayo pasirese.
Kufambira mberi
Israel inomira papi pamusika wewaini wepasirese? Muna 2021, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kweIsrael kwakakosheswa pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu neshanu, zvichiita kuti ive makumi maviri nemapfumbamweth mutengesi mukuru wewaini munyika. Mukuenzanisa, nyika nhanhatu dzepamusoro dzekutengesa waini (2021) dzaive Italy ($8.4 bhiriyoni), Spain ($3.5 bhiriyoni), France ($13.1 bhiriyoni), Chile ($2 bhiriyoni), Australia ($1.7 bhiriyoni), uye US ($1.5 bhiriyoni) (worldtopexports.com).
Nemabhodhoro anosvika mamirioni makumi mana anogadzirwa pagore, kugadzirwa kwewaini yeIsrael kune mwero kana zvichienzaniswa nemazinga ekugadzirwa kwewaini pasi rose. Matani 40 60,000 emazambiringa ewaini anokohwewa gore negore anoratidza kushanda nesimba mukurima munda wemizambiringa nekugadzira mazambiringa.
Kuvapo kwe350 +/- kazhinji boutique mashandiro uye makumi manomwe ekutengesa wineries anoratidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzevagadziri vewaini muIsrael. Izvi zvinoratidza kuvepo kwakasimba kwezvidiki, zvemhando yepamusoro waini inotarisa pakugadzira mashoma emhando yepamusoro waini. Izvo zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti gumi makuru makuru ewaini muIsrael anodzora pamusoro pe70 muzana yekugadzirwa, zvichiratidza imwe nhanho yekubatanidzwa mukati meindasitiri. Uku kusangana kwekugadzirwa pakati pevatambi vakakura kunogona kuve kwakakonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sehupfumi hwechiyero, hutongi hwemusika, kana kusimukira kwenhoroondo.
Tichifunga nezvehukuru uye chimiro cheindasitiri yewaini yeIsrael, zvinonzwisisika kuti sei kukosha kwayo kunze kwakaderera kana zvichienzaniswa nenyika huru dzinogadzira waini. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti indasitiri yewaini yeIsrael yanga ichizivikanwa nekuda kwemhando uye kusarudzika mumakore achangopfuura, uye kukosha kwayo kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekudyara muminda yemizambiringa, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira waini, uye kuedza kwekushambadzira, vagadziri vewaini veIsrael vane mukana wekusimudzira indasitiri yavo nekuwedzera kuvepo kwavo padanho rewaini repasi rose.
Zvinodhura?
Vatengi vekuAmerica vanoshamiswa nemutengo wakakwira wewaini kubva kuIsrael. Haisi iyo kosher chikamu chinosimudza mutengo; kosher vinification yakafanana neyakajairwa winemaking kunze kweyeast yekosher uye kudiwa kwemutariri kuti atarise maitiro. Mutengo wepamusoro wakabatana nemitengo yakakwira yekugara muIsrael uye mutengo une chekuita nekugadzira waini munzvimbo ino yenyika.
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti mutengo wewaini yeIsrael wakabatana nehudiki hweindasitiri uye musika mudiki weko. Huwandu hwevanhu veIsraeri hunosvika mamiriyoni masere; kubvisa munhu wese ari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere ekunwa zviri pamutemo uye kubvisa maMuslim (avo chitendero chavo chinorambidza kunwa doro) uye izvi zvinosiya musika mudiki wevatengi ungangoita mamirioni mana.
Vagadziri vewaini muIsrael vanopinza chidimbu chega chega chemidziyo uye izvi zvinosanganisira chishandiso chese chinodiwa, kubva kumichina yekupwanya kusvika kumadhiramu nemakoroko. Mari dzepamusoro dzakafanana kune waini inogadzira mabhodhoro 30,000 gore rega rega kana 300,000 mabhodhoro. Zvimwe zvinokosha pakurima mazambiringa, kusanganisira ivhu, uye mvura, zvinodhura zvikuru muIsrael. Iyo indasitiri ichiri kubhadhara kwemakore makumi mana ekudyara (kubvira pakutanga kwetsika yewaini yemuno). Vagadziri vewaini vekuEurope vanofungidzira kuti zvinotora 40-100 makore kumisa yakavimbika vatengi base, nepo vamwe veIsrael vanonzwa rombo rakanaka kana vaine chizvarwa chechipiri chakavimbika mutengi.
Kosher
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro emunda wemizambiringa nekugadzira waini ari kosher anosanganisira zvakati zvinodiwa zvine chekuita nekutariswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira nemaJuda anocherekedza uye kuvapo kwe mashgiah kuti abvumidze mashandiro acho.
Nepo mutengo wekuchengetedza kosher certification ungave usiri wakakosha wekudyara kwemari, unosanganisira zvimwe zvinotariswa maererano nevashandi uye kutevedzera yakatarwa kosher nhungamiro. Kuve nevashandi vanosangana nemazambiringa vari maJuda anocherekedza uye kuve ne mashgiah aripo anogona kuwedzera kuomarara kwekuita waini.
Nezve kunyoreswa uye kushambadzira kwewaini yeIsrael, zvinonakidza kuziva kuti mamwe mawaini anogadzirwa muIsrael akanyorwa se "KOSHER" kwete "ISRAEL" pamasherufu muzvitoro zvekuAmerica. Izvi zvinogona kuunza matambudziko maererano nekuvaka chiziviso chakasiyana uye kuwedzera kuziva kweIsrael waini yakazara. Zvinogona kutungamira kuti waini ionekwe zvakanyanya sewaini yekosher pane kuti izivikanwe nemhando yavo uye hunhu hwedunhu.
Marketing Shift
Kune marudzi maviri ewaini yekosher: mevushal uye isiri-mevushal. Mevushal waini inopinda neflash pasteurization process, ichivabvumira kuti vabatwe nevasiri veOrthodox maJuda, nepo asiri-mevushal waini ari emhando yepamusoro waini inogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira dzechinyakare.
Iyo KOSHER label inogona kudzikisira kugona kwevatengi kuona iyo yepamusoro-yekupedzisira sarudzo pakati pewaini yekosher. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mawaini ekutanga eIsrael haambove mevushal, asi zvazvino zvekutengesa zvekutengesa zvinotadza kutaurira mutsauko uyu, nemazvo, zvinogona kukanganisa maonero emhando.
Panzvimbo yekusimbisa iyo kosher label, waini kubva kuIsrael inofanirwa kunyorwa se "waini kubva kuIsrael" pamamenu ine tarisiro yekutenda mazambiringa eIsrael sezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro pasina kutariswa zvisina kufanira kune chaiyo kosher certification (senge chiratidzo cheOU).
Kumisikidza kuvepo kwakasimba mumusika, kusanganisira pa-nzvimbo, zvitoro zvewaini zvepamhepo, zvitoro zvikuru, maresitorendi, uye zvimwe zvivako, uye kuwedzera kuratidzwa kwese, zvingave zvinobatsira kuti waini yeIsrael ive nechiratidziro chakanyanya kumiririra pa "ISRAEL" sherufu kana chikamu. Izvi zvaizobatsira kuratidza kusiyana uye kusarudzika kwewaini yeIsrael kupfuura zita ravo rekosher, zvichibvumira vatengi kuti vaongorore uye vakoshese mawaini maererano nemaitiro avo ekuita waini.
Semuyenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvakaita seM&Ms, zvinotakura chiratidzo cheOrthodox Union (OU) asi zvisinganyanyi kukanganisa sarudzo dzevatengi. Zvichida yave nguva yekuti mutengi weAmerica aone mazambiringa eIsrael nekuda kwemhando yawo uye anakirwe nawo pasina kunyanya kukoshesa chinzvimbo chavo chekosher.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori
