Muchinyorwa chemutemo wekufamba svondo rino, tinoongorora nyaya yaTanvir v. Tanzin, Docket No. 16-1176 (2d. Cir. Chivabvu 2, 2018) "chichemo chacho chakamhan'arirwa, pakati pezvimwe, kuti mukutsiva kweVamiririri vakaramba kushanda se vazivisi, vakuru vehurumende vakaisa zvisina kukodzera kana kuchengeta mazita evamiririri pa 'No Fly List', kutyora kodzero dzePlaintiffs pasi peFirst Amendment uye neChitendero Freedom Restoration Act, 42 USC 2000bb et seq. (RFRA). Chichemo ichi chakatsvaga (1) kurambidza nekuzivisa kusapokana nevapomeri vese munzvimbo yavo yepamutemo yekutyora kwakasiyana-siyana kwebumbiro nemitemo, uye (2) muripo uye murango kubva kune vezvematongerwo enyika vanokwanisa mumitemo yavo yekutyora kodzero dzavo pasi pekutanga Amendment. uye RFRA… Sezvineiwo pano, dare redunhu rakati RFRA haitenderi kudzoserwa kwemari yekukuvadzwa kumahofisi ehurumende akamhan'arwa mumabasa avo. Vanomhan'ara vanokwidza danho reRFRA chete. Nekuti hatibvumirane nedare redunhu uye tinobata kuti RFRA inobvumidza mumhan'ari kuti awane kukuvadzwa kwemari kumahofisi ehurumende akamhan'arirwa mumunhu mumwe nemumwe nekuda kwekutyora kuchengetedzwa kukuru kweRFRA, tinodzosera mutongo wedare redunhu ”.
Munyaya yeTanvir, Dare rakati "Vanomhan'ara varume veMuslin vanogara muNew York kana kuConnecticut. Mumwe nemumwe akaberekerwa kunze kwenyika, akatamira kuUnited States pakutanga kwehupenyu hwake, uye parizvino zviri pamutemo aripo semugari weUS kana mugari wechigarire. Imwe neimwe ine mhuri yasara mhiri kwemakungwa. Vanomhan'ara vanotaura kuti vakasvikwa nevamiriri vehurumende uye vakakumbirwa kuti vashande sevanozivisa nezveFBI. Kunyanya, Vanomhan'arira vakakumbirwa kuunganidza ruzivo kunhengo dzenharaunda dzeMuslim uye vazivise ruzivo irworwo kuFBI. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chikumbiro cheFBI chaiperekedzwa nedzvinyiriro huru, kusanganisira kutyisidzirwa kwekudzingwa kana kusungwa; mune vamwe, chikumbiro ichi chaiperekedzwa nezvivimbiso zvemari uye nerumwe rubatsiro. Zvisinei, vapomeri vakaramba izvo zvikumbiro zvakadzokororwa, zvirinani muchikamu zvichibva pane zvavanotenda-zvine chokwadi.
Kurangwa Nekusazivisa
Mukupindura kwekuramba uku, vamiririri vehurumende vakachengeta Vanomhan'arira paNo 'Fly Rondedzero' yenyika kunyangwe hazvo vaMhan'ari '[vasinga mire, ha [ve] vasina kumbobvira vamira uye ha [va] pomerwi nekukumbira, kutyisidzira kune ndege yekuchengetedza '. Sekureva kweKunyunyuta, Vapomeri 'vakamanikidza Vamhan'ari kuita sarudzo isingatenderwe pakati, kune rumwe rutivi, kuteerera kwavo zvokwadi zvitendero uye vachiiswa kuchirango chekuiswa kana kuchengetwa paNo Fly List, kana kune rimwe divi, kutyora kwavo vanonamata nemoyo wese zvitendero kuitira kuti varege kuiswa paNo Fly List kana kuchengetedza kubviswa paNo Fly List '.
Kukuvadza Kunosimbiswa
“Vanomhan'ara vanoti dambudziko iri rakaisa mutoro wakakura mukunamata kwavo. Pamusoro pezvo, zviito zveVapomeri zvakakonzera VaPlaintiffs kutambura nekushushikana mupfungwa, kukuvara mukurumbira, uye kurasikirwa nehupfumi. Nekuda kwezvaitwa zveVadziviriri kuisa nekuchengetedza Vanomhan'ara pa'No Fly Chinyorwa ', Vamhan'ari vairambidzwa kubhururuka kwemakore akati wandei. Kurambidzwa kwakadai kwakatadzisa vaMhan'ari kushanyira nhengo dzemhuri mhiri kwemakungwa, kwakakonzera vaMhan'ari kurasikirwa nemari yavakabhadharira tikiti dzendege, uye kukanganisa kugona kweVamiriri kuenda kubasa ”.
“Hapana Rwendo Rwokumhanya”
"Mukuedza kuve nechokwadi chekuchengeteka kwendege, Congress yakaraira Transportation Security Administration (TSA) kuti itange nzira dzekuzivisa vakuru vanokodzera nezvekuti ndiani anozivikanwa kuti anomira, kana kufungidzirwa kuti anomira, njodzi yekubira mweya kana hugandanga kana kutyisidzira kunhandare yendege kana kuchengetedza vafambi '. TSA yakarairwazve kuti 'ishandise zvinyorwa zvese zvakafanira mune yakasimbiswa uye yakasanganiswa magandanga anotariswa anochengetwa neFederal Government' kuita mutakurwi pre-kuongorora basa ... Iyo 'Kwete Fly Rondedzero' ndeimwe yakadaro magandanga anotarisa uye iri chikamu cheyakafara dhatabhesi. yakagadzirwa uye inochengetedzwa neTerrorist Screening Center (TSC), iyo inotungamirwa neFBI. Dhatabhesi yeTSC ine ruzivo nezve vanhu vanozivikanwa kana vanofungidzirwa zvine musoro kuti vanoita zvemagandanga. TSC inogovera mazita evamwe vanhu pa'No Fly List 'nemasangano ehurumende nemitemo, TSA, vamiririri vendege pamwe nekudyidzana hurumende dzekunze ".
Opaque & Kurwara-Kunotsanangurwa Maitiro
"Vanomhan'ara vanoti vamiriri vehurumende vakadomwa mukunyunyuta 'vakashandisa zvinorema mitoro yakaiswa neNo Fly List, hunhu hwayo uye zviyero zvisina kutsanangurwa, uye kushomeka kwenzira dzekuchengetedza, mukuyedza kumanikidza Vapomeri kuti vashande sevanozivisa. mukati memagariro avo eAmerica echiMuslim nenzvimbo dzekunamatira. Pavakarambwa, vamiririri vemubatanidzwa 'vakatsiva kuMhan'ari nekuvaisa kana kuvachengeta paNo Fly List' ”.
Chitendero Chekusununguka Kudzoreredza Mutemo
"RFRA inopa kuti 'Hurumende haizoremedze zvakanyanya chinamato chemunhu kunyangwe mutoro wacho uchikonzerwa nemutemo wekushandisa' kunze kwekunge 'Hurumende' yagona 'kuratidza [] iko kushandiswa kwemutoro kumunhu- (1) iri mukuenderera mberi kwechido chinomanikidza chehurumende; uye (2) ndiyo nzira inodzvinyirira yekuenderera mberi nekumanikidza kufarira kwehurumende '… vamhan'ari veRFRA vanobvumidza' kuwana ruyamuro rwakakodzera pamusoro pehurumende ... Tichifunga nezvechinangwa cheRFRA chekupa chengetedzo yakafara parusununguko rwechitendero… tinobata kuti RFRA inobvumidza kudzoserwa kwemari yekukuvadzwa kumahofisi ehurumende akamhan'arwa mumabasa avo ".
Anokodzera Kudzivirirwa
"Zvatakabvuma kuti RFRA inobvumidza mumhan'ari kumhan'ara kumatare edzimhosva mune yavo mari yekukuvadzwa kwemari, tinofunga kuti mapurisa aya anofanira kuchengetedzwa nehutachiona ... Pano, mutongo wedare redzimhosva pazasi hauna kutarisa kuti Vapomeri vane kodzero here yekuzvidzivirira ... Mukushayikwa kwechinyorwa chakagadziridzwa, tinoramba kutarisa pakutanga kuti Vapomeri vane kodzero yekuzvidzivirira. Tinodzokera kudare redunhu kuti titore danho rakadai pakutanga ”.
Patricia naThomas Dickerson
Munyori, Thomas A. Dickerson, akashaya musi waChikunguru 26, 2018 aine makore makumi manomwe nemana. Kuburikidza nenyasha dzemhuri yake, eTurboNews ari kubvumidzwa kugovana zvinyorwa zvake zvatinazvo pafaira izvo zvaakatitumira kuti tizoburitsa vhiki nevhiki.
Iye Hon. Dickerson akarega basa seMubatanidzwa Weruramisiro weAppellate Division, Wechipiri Dhipatimendi reNew York State Dare Repamusorosoro uye akanyora nezveMutemo weKufamba kwemakore makumi mana nemaviri kusanganisira mabhuku ake emitemo anovandudzwa pagore, Mutemo Wekufamba, Law Journal Press (42), Litigating International Torts mu MaDare eUS, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Kirasi Zviito: Mutemo we2018 States, Law Journal Press (50), uye anopfuura mazana mashanu ezvinyorwa zvemutemo mazhinji acho anowanikwa pawww.nycourts.gov/courts/2018jd/taxcertatd.shtml . Kune mamwezve mutemo mutemo wekufamba uye zviitiko, kunyanya munyika dzenhengo dzeEU, ona www.IFTTA.org
