naDr. Louise de Waal
Mutungamiri Mokgweetsi Masisi vekuBotswana vanoramba zvachose kuti hurumende yavo ingambomisa nzou, zvichipesana neParamende Report ichiti inofanirwa kubviswa. Nekudaro, Gurukota reZvakatipoteredza neZvezviwanikwa, Kuchengetedzwa uye Tourism, Kitso Mokaila parizvino anokumbira nzou “kurima”.
Kukodza kana kusabvisa
Masisi akadaro kuBloomberg kuti "mukukakavadzana pamusoro penzou nekuchengetedza kwedu zvakatipoteredza, takanzwisiswa uye takanzwisiswa. Kutaura kuti mazwi asina basa uye asina hanya sekukanganisa akamboshandiswa. Isu hatisi vekudaidzira. Hatisi kuzorega. ”
Chirevo ichi chinobhururuka pamberi pe mushumo wakaburitswa neKomiti Yake yeKabhodhi paHunting Ban Social Dialogue iyo yakakurudzira pakati pevamwe kusimudzira kurambidzwa kwekuvhima, kuuraya nzou, uye kukanya nyama yenzou sechikafu chemhuka.
Chirevo cheHunting Ban Social Dialogue chakavakirwa pamisangano yekubvunzurudza pamwe chete nenharaunda dzekumaruwa dzakakanganiswa nekurambidzwa kwekuvhima kwegore ra2014, asi zvinoshamisa kuti haibatanidzi indasitiri yekushanyirwa nenharaunda dzayo dzinowana rubatsiro. Tourism ndiyo yechipiri muhomwe yeGDP muBotswana mushure memadhaimani, zvisinei indasitiri inoita kunge yakavhundutswa nekutyisidzirwa, senge "iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka panonyorerwa chingwa chako uye utitsigire”Yakaitwa naMokaila.
Zvinotaridzawo kusanzwisisika kuti Mutungamiri Masisi vanotora mazano kubva kumuvhimi ane nharo Ron Thomson, uyo akaombera maoko kurudziro dzakanyanya dzinotsoropodzwa dzaMasisi. Thomson anoti akauraya nzou zviuru zvishanu (uye akatarisa kuurayiwa kwakawanda chiuru chimwe), nyati mazana masere, shumba mazana matanhatu, uye mvuu makumi mashanu, asi anoramba kuve chikamu chekupokana kweterevhizheni kunosanganisira izwi rinopikisa. MuUK hurukuro naPiers Morgan, akabvuma, achidanidzira mune imwe hasha uye nehukasha, kuti "hapana chaainzwa" kuuraya mhuka, aive "anoshanda kwazvo pazviri", uye kushaya kwake manzwiro kwakamubatsira "kuita basa riitwe".
Anonzi muvhimi ane hunhu, uyo akambozvirova dundundu nekuuraya nzou makumi matatu nembiri uye achitaura kuti kuuraya mhuka kwakamupa "mufaro", Thomson akataura zvisingabvumirwe zvirevo mune imwe bvunzurudzo kuti nzou dzeBotswana "ikozvino dzave pakati nepakati pezana ne makumi maviri zvakapetwa nekwaniso yekutakura inokwana nzvimbo dzavanogara".
Maererano African Elephant Status Chirevo 2016, Huwandu hwevanhu veBotswana hwaratidza kuderera kwe14% kubvira 2006 uye iyo ichangoburwa nzou yekuBotswana inofungidzira huwandu hwenyika hwazvino kunge hwakatenderedza 126,000 nzou, iri mukati memitemo inogamuchirwa.
Kunyangwe paine pfungwa dzakakurumbira, huwandu hwenzou dzeChova dziri kuratidza a -refu-kwenguva yakaderera maitiro kubvira 2010 uye huwandu hwenzou dzeBotswana huri kudzikirawo, kunyanya munzvimbo ina dzekuvhima poaching. Maitiro ekupedzisira anozowedzerwa nekuvhima mukombe, sezvo mombe dzakura zvakanyanya ndiyo inonyanya kunangwa kuvhima mukombe.
"Mombe dzinosvika chete pamakore ari pakati pemakumi mana- makumi mashanu ekuberekwa uye idzi musth mombe dzinotenderedza dzinosvika 40% yevana vese", anodaro Audrey Delsink (Wildlife Director - HSI Africa). “Nzanga nzanga dzinovimbawo nenhengo dzakura idzi kuti dziwane ruzivo rwemagariro pamwe nezvezvakatipoteredza. Kubviswa kwevamwe vanhu vanokosha kuchave nemhedzisiro yakaipa kwenguva refu kuzvizvarwa zenzou zvichauya. ”
"Tsika" kuvhima mukombe
Zvirongwa zvekusimudza mukombe kurambidzwa kunorambidzwa zvichiri patafura. VaMokaila nguva pfupi yadarika vakataura, apo vaitaura kumatunhu enharaunda yeNgamiland muMaun, kuti kana hurumende ikadzorera kuvhima mukombe izvi zvichaitwa "zvine mutsindo".
Isu takaona zvakadaro mienzaniso yakawandisa yekusavhima uye kazhinji kacho zvisiri pamutemo makwikwi muSouth Africa, ese akazara mukushayikwa kwekuzvidavirira uye kujekesa.
Kuwedzeredza huwandu hwekuvhima, kuwedzera, uye maitiro asina hunhu ekuvhima muma1980-90s muBotswana, zvakakonzera kudzikira nekukurumidza muhuwandu hwemhuka dzesango munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, mamwe acho asina kuzombopora zvizere. Huru yeshumba yainyanya kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaderedzwa kusvika paavhareji yevanenge vakadzi vatanhatu vakura kumurume wese akura, zvichikonzera kutyisidzira kwakakomba senge kuberekesa uye kleptoparasitism (apo shumba hadzi nemadzviti hazvikwanisi kudzivirira nekudaro zvinogara zvichirasa kuuraya hanzi).
Izvi zvakatungamira kuhurumende yeBotswana kumisa kuvhima shumba muna 2001, izvo zvakadzoserwa muna 2004 pasi pekumanikidzwa neHurumende yeUS. Vaimbove Mutungamiri George Bush Snr, nhengo ine mukurumbira yeSafari Club International, akanyorera kuzviremera zveBotswana achikumbira kubvisa chirambidzo, uyo akazopedzisira atora musoro. Iyo moratorium yakadzorerwa muna2008 uye inoramba iri munzvimbo kusvika zvino.
Nguva pfupi yadarika, Cecil shumba iyi yakavhimwa zvisiri pamutemo muZimbabwe. Shumba iyi yemakore gumi nematatu yakange yakapfeka kora yekutsvagisa GPS yakakweverwa nechirauro kubva muHwange National Park, zvekuti muvhimi Walter Palmer, akabatwa nemhosva yekuvhima zvisiri pamutemo muAmerica, aigona kuuraya shumba iyi yakachengetedzwa pasina zvinomukanganisa iye kana muvhimi ane hunyanzvi, Theo Badenhorst, uyo akazosungirwa kuyedza kutengesa kunze kwenyika zvisiri pamutemo kubva kuZimbabwe.
Aya angori mashoma kubva kune yakawanda mienzaniso inowanikwa munzvimbo yeruzhinji, zvichiratidza zvakajeka indasitiri yekuvhima kutadza kuchengetedza hunhu.
Zvakare, Botswana iri kufunga kudzoreredza kuvhima mukombe panguva iyo "chokwadi nezviratidzo zvinoratidza kuderera kwakakurumidza kwazvo mukuvhima mhuka huru mu Africa", sekureva kwaDr Bertrand Charadonnet (Anodzivirirwa Nzvimbo uye Anowona nezveMusango) mushumo yake Kugadziridza zvakare Nzvimbo Dzakachengetedzwa mu Africa.
MuAfrica, iyo Economists paGuru akaverenga kuti mukombe unopedza mari unongogadzira pavhareji 1.9% yemari yose yekushanyirwa uye mushumo uchangobva kubva kuNamibia unoratidza iyo kukwana kwemubatsiro wezvehupfumi hwekuhwina mukombe.
Iyo yakareba-nguva kugadzikana kwekukwikwidza mukombe kunopokana zvakanyanya kubva kune yetsika, ecological uye yemari maonero ekuona.
Kunetsana Kwevanhu-Nzou
"Kuchengeta nzou hombe muSouthern Africa kwakonzera kuwedzera kweHuman-Elephant Conflict (HEC)", hurumende inodaro.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti HEC idambudziko chairo muBotswana rinoda kugadziriswa. Chirevo cheDambudziko Rezvinetso Zvekudzivirira mhuka mudunhu reChobe rakanyora nezve 1,300 zviitiko zveHEC pakati pa2006-17, kureva kuti vangangoita zana pagore, kusanganisira kubvuta zvirimwa uye gadheni, kukuvara kwepfuma, uye kutyisidzira hupenyu hwevanhu. Chirevo chinoti HEC haisi kuwedzera asi 100 inoratidza anomalious nemishumo mazana matatu, ichidzokera kumatanho apfuura mu2016.
Sensationalist inoshuma varikushandira kupisa mamiriro akatoshata uye kutsvaga kuratidzwa kwekuvhima semhinduro yekudzora huwandu hwenzou uye kiyi yekugadzirisa HEC.
Zvisinei, "kuvhima mukombe, hakugone, kana kuti hazvifanirwe kunge kuchikanganisa nzou dzemuno", anodaro Dr Keith Lindsay (Conservation Biologist - Amboseli Trust yeNzou). “Zvikasadaro, mhuka dzakakura kunge mukombe dzinenge dzisipo kuti vavhimi vapfure. Saka, kuvhima mukombe hakuna zvakanangana nekudzora HEC ”.
HEC ari pamberi pekupokana kwenzou, zvinoshamisa kuti Mokaila akazivisa nguva pfupi yadarika kuti yake Ministry inoronga kumisa HEC muripo, se "nharaunda dzinokwanisa kuuya nemhinduro dzekutaura HEC pachavo". Iyi ingangoita zano rekupokana kumanikidza nharaunda kuti dzitsigire mukombe wekuvhima?
Nzou commoditisation
Botswana, Namibia neZimbabwe dzakatumira a chirongwa chakabatana kuCITES kugadzirisa rondedzero yenzou yemu Africa kubvumidza kutengeswa kwemhuka mhenyu, yakanyoreswa nyanga dzenzou mbishi, mikombe yekuvhima yezvinhu zvisiri zvekushambadzira uye zvigadzirwa zenzou.
Kujekesa kwakajeka kwenzou ndidzo dzinodzidziswa neKavango-Zambezi Trans-Frontier Conservation Area blog saka zvinoshamisira zvinodaidza "yesainzi manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi system".
Pakati pekukakavadzana kwakawanda kwakanangana nekuguma kwenzou dzeBotswana, hurumende yayo yakaita Musangano weNzou kutanga kwemwedzi uno uye kubva kumusangano wekuvhura Masisi zviri pachena kuti kudyiwa kwemhuka dzesango nenzou kunyanya ndiko kunetsekana kwake kukuru. Izvi "zvinotengeswa" kuvanhu veBotswana senzira yekugadzirisa HEC uye nzira inochengetedza yekuchengetedza raramo yevanhu vemuno.
Shenanigans ese emwedzi mishoma yapfuura anofanirwa kunge achitungamira kune ramangwana chirongwa chekutungamira nzou chakanakira vanhu veBotswana nemhuka dzayo dzesango, zvinoita kunge chisiri chinhu kunze kwekuratidzira kwesarudzo kuti Masisi akumbire kuvhoti vekumaruwa, pamwe nekugadzirira unouya musangano weCITES CoP18.
Zvichakadaro, mutongo wekusimudza mukombe wekurambidza kuvhima uchiri kumirira pasina chiratidzo kuti sarudzo ichaitwa riinhi.
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- Chirevo ichi chinobuda pamberi pegwaro rakaburitswa nedare reCabinet Sub Committee on Hunting Ban Social Dialogue iro rakakurudzira pakati pezvimwe kubvisa kurambidzwa kwekuvhima, kuuraya nzou, uye kuiswa kwenyama yenzou mumagaba sechikafu chemhuka.
- Kunyanya kuvhima, kuvhima, nekuvhima mikombe zvisina tsarukano mumakore ekuma1980-90 muBotswana, zvakakonzera kudzikira nekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwemhuka dzesango munzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, dzimwe dzacho dzisati dzanyatsopora.
- Mumwe muvhimi anofungidzirwa kuti ane tsika, akambodada nekuuraya nzou makumi matatu nembiri panguva imwe chete uye achiti kuuraya mhuka kwakamupa “mufaro”, Thomson akataura zvisina humbowo mune imwe bvunzurudzo kuti nzou dzeBotswana “ikozvino dzawanda pakati pegumi ne32 pane inotakura kutakura zvinhu. zvekugara kwavo”.
