Kubata kweiyo inonzi Islamic State (IS) inogona kunge yakasunungura mukati meMiddle East moyo, asi kutyisidzira kwepasirese kwakaunzwa nehugandanga hweIslam kwakura nekupararira.
Chiitiko chekutevera chinoratidza ruzhinji rwekurwiswa kweIslamist kuchiri kuitika kuMiddle East neNorth Africa (MENA), ne2,273 zviitiko pakati pe30 Kubvumbi 2017 uye 30 Kubvumbi 2018. kwave kuderera.
Kusiyana neizvi, Asia Pacific neAfrica dzakasvika nhamba dzezviitiko, kunyangwe kazhinji njodzi yacho yaiganhurwa uye ichidzivirirwa. Dzimwe nyika dzeEU dzanga dzichikwira zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zviri shure kweizvi, kusanganisira kurongeka kwemasangano echiIslam aripo pasi pemureza weIS, kudzoka kwevamwe varwi veIS kunyika dzavo uye masimba emunharaunda ekunetsana kwagara. Matambudziko evarwi veIS sezvo nharaunda yeboka iri kuIraq neSyria yadzikira musanganiswa.
Apo vamwe vavo vakatiza, vazhinji vakaurawa sezvo pfuma yeboka iri yakaderera. Hondo yeKobane muna 2015 yakaona kudzoka kukuru kwekutanga kweIS apo ndege dzeUS dzakauraya zviuru zvevarwi veIS. Hondo dzakatevera dzakaona vanhu vakawanda vakakuvadzwa uye kutiza. Nhamba uye kuguma kweavo vakatiza hazvina kujeka.
Nyika zhinji dzakayedza kuronda zvizvarwa zvenyika vakaenda kuSyria neavo vakadzoka. Nyika dzekuMadokero dzine pakati pekufungidzira kwakavimbika (Fig.1). Zvinofanira kufungidzirwa kuti nhamba isingazivikanwe yakanyungudika, kana kudzokera kumba kana kuenda kune dzimwe nhandare dzemhirizhonga. Huwandu hwekurwiswa kwevaIslam vanonyanyisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica neAsia-Pacific muna 2017 - 2018 hunoratidza kukwira kwakanyanya kana kuchienzaniswa ne2013, kusati kwaitika pasi rose kweIS.
Kutyisidzirwa kwehugandanga hwechiIslam muAmerica hunoramba huri hwakaderera uye hunongoratidzira muNorth America. Kurwiswa ina chete kwakanyorwa muna 2017 uye huwandu hwese hwekurwiswa pagore hauna kumbobvira hwapfuura nhamba imwe chete. Nekudaro, kuvepo kwakagadzirira kwepfuti muUS kunogadzira mukana kune mupari wemhosva chero ipi zvayo yekukurudzira kuita kurwisa kwevanhu vakawanda sechiitiko che2016 Orlando night club umo vanhu makumi mana nevapfumbamwe vakafa.
Nekudaro, chiitiko chekurwiswa kwechiIslam chinogara chakaderera. Pfuti / pfuti ndiyo yaive nzira huru yekurwisa kwezviitiko zvehugandanga pasi rose (47%), ichiteverwa neyakagadziriswa mudziyo unoputika (IED) kurwisa (21%) uye kurwiswa kwedhaka (13%).
IS uye varwi vakakurudzirwa neboka vanozvisiyanisa kubva kune vamwe vatadzi vazhinji nekuda kwavo kukonzera kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu, kazhinji pamwero mukuru.
Vanonangidzira vanhuwo zvavo, kazhinji munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, uye vanorwisa mauto uye midziyo yemauto. Tichitarisa marudzi ese ezviitwa zvehugandanga, hurumende, mauto nemauto edziviriro uye kumisikidzwa kwavo kazhinji kuri pamusoro pezvirongwa zvepasirese. Kutengesa uye migwagwa (motokari uye zvivakwa) zviri pamusoro pechinyorwa chezvikamu zveveruzhinji zvakakanganiswa nehugandanga - kungave zvakananga kana kuburikidza nekukuvara kwechibvumirano - nekuda kwekuve pedyo kwavo kwese, pamwe nekuwanda kwemidziyo inoputika mumigwagwa mune mamwe matunhu.
MuEU, maIslam anonyanyisa ainyanya kushanda muFrance, Spain, uye UK nekurwiswa kwemotokari munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji senzira yakajairika, senge chiitiko munharaunda yeLas Ramblas kuBarcelona, Spain, yakauraya vanhu gumi nevaviri uye. vakakuvadza vamwe zana nemakumi maviri.
Bhomba guru rekuzviuraya rakaenda kuManchester Arena, UK, muna May 2017, richiuraya vanhu 22 uye kukuvadza 64. Ruzhinji rwekurwiswa kweIslamist zvakanyanya muEU kwakakanganisa nzvimbo dzevaraidzo uye vaenzi uye nzvimbo dzevanhu dzinowanzogara nevashanyi. Kurwiswa kwakakanganisa njanji/vanhu vakawanda vezvifambiso kwakanyorwawo, kunyanya kuputika kwechitima cheDunhu padyo neParsons Green station, London, munaGunyana kwakakuvadza vanhu makumi matatu, uye kurwiswa paCentral Station yeBrussels muna Chikumi uko maviri akaderera. -kunyanya kuputika kwakaitika pasina vanhu vakakuvara uye murume aiedza kubvisa IED yakaiswa musutukesi akapfurwa akafa nemauto.
Munharaunda yeAsia-Pacific, kurwiswa kwakawanda kwemauto echiIslam kunonangana nemutemo uye midziyo yemauto. Chikamu chidiki chete chine mhedzisiro yakananga kana yakaitika kumabhizinesi. Zvizhinji zveizvi zvinokanganisa zvivakwa zvemigwagwa uye mota, zvichiteverwa nedzidzo (zvikoro, mayunivhesiti, makampasi) uye midziyo yekutengesa. Zviitiko zvinokanganisa chikamu chendege (chinoitika kazhinji muAfghanistan) kazhinji chinonanga zvigaro zvemauto panhandare dzendege, zvichingokanganisa bhizinesi. Chikuru kurwiswa kweroketi kwakaitwa nevapanduki veTaliban paHamid Karzai International Airport muKabul muna Chikunguru 2017 kwakauraya munhu mumwe chete uye kukanganisa mashandiro ekutengeserana. Kurwiswa kwakawanda kwemauto echiIslam muAfrica kunokanganisawo mota nemigwagwa yakaita semabhiriji, kunyanya muNigeria, Mali, Kenya neSomalia.
Chikamu chekugamuchira vaenzi chinouya chechipiri (nezviitiko zvakawanda muSomalia neMali), zvichiteverwa nekutengesa. Chikuru kurwiswa kwenzvimbo yevashanyi yeLe Campement, Bamako, Mali, muna Chikumi 2017, apo vapanduki vechiIslam vakauraya vanhu vashanu uye vakakuvadza gumi nevaviri, vachitora vamwe makumi matatu nevaviri. Zvinhu zvendege zvakarwiswa muSomalia neMali. Kurwiswa kwemagandanga echiIslam muAmerica kwakaitika muUS neCanada chete. Kurwiswa kwakanangana nePort Authority Bus Terminal muNew York City muna Zvita 12, apo mumwe murume akakuvadza vanhu vatatu nebhomba rakagadzirwa kumba; nzira yebhasikoro muManhattan, New York City, uko mumwe munhu akatyaira rori achipinda muvatyairi nevamhanyi muna Gumiguru 32, akauraya vanhu vasere uye akakuvadza vamwe gumi nevaviri; uye nzvimbo dzevanofamba netsoka muEdmonton, Alberta, munaGunyana 2017, uko vanhu vatanhatu vakakuvadzwa.
Kunobva: Kudzora Ngozi
