Mhute yemangwanani inonyangarika munzvimbo yemiti yemichindwe uye masango akasvibira akasvibira akafukidzwa nemakomo akafukidzwa nesinou. Rwendo urwu runotorwa nevashanyi vasingaverengeki mazuva ese ndiyo nzira imwe chete yakatorwa nemuongorori Hiram Bingham mukupera kwa 1911. Nhasi tinonakidzwa nechitima chemhando yepamusoro - chinoteverwa nebhazi rakanaka uye kufamba pakati pellamas.
“Yaizova nyaya isingafadzi izere nokudzokorora uye yakaisvonaka kudai ndaizoedza kutsanangura maturu asingaverengeki, mawere marefu uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogara achichinja,” akanyora kudaro Bingham nezvorwendo rwacho mubhuku rake Lost City of the Incas.
Pashure pokunge chitima chasvika mumusha wacho, vashanyi vanokwira mabhazi maduku kuti vatange kukwira kwokupedzisira. Mugwagwa wevhu unomonereka unokwira kumusoro kune panorama yemawere anoshamisa nemakomo kusvikira chiono chinokatyamadza chaonekwa. Nhevedzano yezvivakwa zvematombo nemateru ari pamusoro chaipo pegomo inova yakajeka.
"Nesango kumberi uye mazaya echando ari kumusoro kwakakwirira," anoverenga mashoko aBingham angangoita zana ramakore rapfuura, "Kunyangwe unonzi mugwagwa waityisa - kunyangwe waimhanya nekudzika nekudzika nemasitepisi ematombo dzimwe nguva waicheka kubva mumigwagwa. kudivi remawere…
Zvinotora tambanuko yemusango kufunga kuti munhu chero upi zvake angasvika sei kureba seInca kuvaka nzvimbo pano. Zvakadaro iri pamusoro pePeruvia Andes pamamita 2,500 pamusoro pegungwa pakati pemakomo anorambidza uye chaizvo mukati memakore ndiMachu Picchu, nzvimbo isinganzwisisike yakasiiwa nevatongi venguva imwe chete yeSouth America, Inca Empire.
Nhasi Machu Picchu is defacto inoshamisa ghost town. Kweanoda kusvika zana ramakore zvakakatyamadza nekukatyamadza nyanzvi uye vanhuwo zvavo zvakafanana, yanga iri nyaya yengano, hafu-chokwadi, ngano uye ngano refu sezvo vatauri vengano vakagadzira shanduro dzinokwikwidza dzezvaimbovepo pano. Yakatove yakatakura mureza wekufamba kwemweya, kubva kumahippies zvichienda mberi, umo vatungamiriri vanofamba vasingafungire vashanyi vakatenderedza saiti vachivadyisa nenyaya dzisingaite.
Mafambiro emweya "Vakaisa pamwechete zvinhu zvakatevedzana, zvimwe zvacho zvakatorwa kubva muzvitendero zvemazuva ano zveAndean, asi zvimwe kubva kuNorth America kana zvitendero zvemuIndia," anodaro Richard Burger, purofesa weYale University uye nyanzvi yeMachu Picchu, " Zvimwe zvakatorwawo kubva kuCeltic - uye ndiani anoziva, pamwe zvitendero zveTibetan. "
Sezvo vanhu vave kufarira zvinhu zvemweya, vatungamiri veMachu Picchu vave vashaman kana vapristi vekuzvarwa, Burger anodaro, vakagadzira nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzavanoziva kuti vanhu vachanakidzwa nazvo. Asi Burger anochema-chema kuti mazhinji engano idzi ane chekuita neMachu Picchu. Madhairekitori anotaurira nyaya dzesimba risinganzwisisike kana kutoita miitiro netsika.
"Mazano ari mupfungwa dzangu akafanana neveCatskill comedians. Vanobuda pamberi pemhomho yevanhu vakaoma uye vanoona kuti vashanyi vanoita sei nenyaya dzavanotaura. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuita, izvo zvinogona kuenderana nezano ravanowana - kana huwandu hwevanhu vanogara rwendo rwese uye vasingadzungairi. "
Kunyangwe Walt Disney anotaurira yake vhezheni yeInca ngano mufirimu reanimated The Emperors New Clothes. Nepo nyaya yaDisney yamambo Cusco ichishandurwa zvine mashiripiti kuita llama inofungirwa manyepo, nenzira yayo iyo imwe nyaya yenyika inobatsira kune chimiro chengano chenyanzvi dzemhizha nevarwi veInca.
Bhaisikopo raWalt Disney reThe Emperors New Groove, senge Stephen Spielberg's blockbuster Indiana Jones akatevedzana kana kunyange Mel Gibson's mifananidzo yakajeka yeMayan ekare ebudiriro muApocalypto akabatsira yakakurumbira tsika kushandura budiriro yekare kuva mifananidzo yayo. Machu Picchu haina kusiyana.
"Zviripachena kuti Machu Picchu yakavakirwa Inca Pachacuti aive mutongi anoshamisa. Akanga ari musanganiswa womunhu asinganzwisisike uye wezvamatongerwe enyika zvikuru,” anodaro Jorge A. Flores Ochoa, nyanzvi yoruzivo rwavanhu paNational University of Cusco, “Akasarudza nzvimbo inokosha zvikuru seMachu Picchu nemhaka yokuti inoshamisa zvikuru kupfuura chimwe chinhu chipi nechipi.”
“Akachinja chitendero cheInca munguva pfupi zvikuru, makore makumi mashanu, uye aidada zvikuru noukuru hwevaInca. Nyika yakanga yakasimba zvikuru uye yaidzora zvinenge zvose. Mupfungwa iyi vaInca vaive neuinjiniya hwakasimba uye hwakanaka. Basa ravo rematombo raive rakanaka zvakare. "
Kuburitswa kwekupedzisira kweInca Evidence kunoratidza kuti kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yeMachu Picchu kwakatanga munenge muna 1450, uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakasiiwa makore 80 gare gare. VaSpanish vaizoenderera mberi nekukunda Peru muna 1532, pamwe nekutapwa kwekupedzisira kweInca muna 1572.
Iwe unongofanirwa kufamba munhandare yendege yeguta guru rePeru, Lima, uye iwe unokurumidza kuziva chimiro icho Machu Picchu akawana pano. Pamabhodhi emakambani emakadhi echikwereti kumafemu ezvivakwa iyo mystique yeMachu Picchu yave mubatanidzwa wakakosha wehukuru munyika inoramba iine mavanga nekukunda kweSpain kwenyika idzi.
"MaInca aive nzanga yakaitirwa hondo," anodaro Rodolfo Florez Usseglio weHidden Treasure Peru, muzvinabhizimusi wetsika kubva kuCusco uyo anorarama nekuunganidza nyaya dzetsika dzemunyika ino, "Vakakunda nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana, kubva kuMaodzanyemba kweChile, Argentina kuenda kuPanama. Vakanga vakanaka musayenzi yehondo uye vaitova nzanga yaiva nekurukurirano huru”
“Nzanga yanga yakanaka – pakati pezvakanakisa pasi rose. VaSpaniard pavakauya pano vakakonzera kuvhunduka kukuru. Imwe yatisati takunda.”
MuPeru, uko urombo hunogona kunzwisiswa, nhaka yaMachu Picchu uye nyika ine simba iyo Inca yakasika chiyeuchidzo chokuti nyika iyi yaimbova simba repasi rose rinofanira kuverengwa.
Kuziva kwemazuva ano kweMachu Picchu kunotanga nehukuru kupfuura hupenyu hwemuongorori weAmerica Hiram Bingham III, uyo akanzi akawanazve saiti iyi muna 1911, uye nekuisa kugadzirisa pamepu mumaziso epasirese.
Guta Rakarasika reIncas Bingham rakabudisa zvaakawana muNational Geographic Magazine uye akanyora yakakurumbira Guta Rakarasika reIncas, nyaya yakafamba munyika yose; kunyangwe ichitambudzwa nezvakazoonekwa kuti ingano uye fungidziro, sekutenda kuti Machu Picchu raive guta zvachose. Burger, uyo akaongorora zvakawanikwa naBingham, akagumisa kuti yaive imba yehumambo.
“Ndinofunga kuti Bingham akakanganisa,” anodaro Burger, “Chimwe chezvinetso zvaasina kukwanisa kupedza chakanga chiri chokuti akarovedzwa bedzi somunyori wenhau. Saka zvakanga zvakamuomera chaizvo kuti anyatsoona uchapupu hwezvinocherwa mumatongo sehwaro hwakasimba hwekufungidzira.”
"Mafungiro aaifunga semunyori wenhoroondo aive ekuti paive nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kunowanikwa kubva munhoroondo uye kuti kana akakwanisa kuenderana nezvaakawana - izvi zvakasara zvenyama - muhurongwa uhu, angave akanaka. Chinoshamisa, kana chiripo, ndechekuti akawana saiti iyo yakanyanya kuoma kuita nayo. Akawana saiti isina kutaurwa, saiti yakanga isingafadzi zvikuru vanhu vokuSpain.”
Bingham akarondedzera nzvimbo yacho seyaiva muzinda waigarwa nevaprista vainamata zuva neboka rakasarudzwa remhandara dzezuva. Nzvimbo iyi zvakare yakanzi naBingham ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kweInca. Kwakawanwa mumakore apfuura, zvisinei, kuti hapana chinhu chokutsigira chipi nechipi cheidzi dzidziso.
Kupokana pamusoro pemuunganidzwa weMachu Picchu Kupokana kwakanyanya pamusoro peMachu Picchu ihondo iri kuwedzera yezvisaririra zvakaunganidzwa naBingham parwendo rwake rwekutanga. Muongorori akabvisa zvinhu zvekudzidza kuYale's Peabody Museum muchibvumirano chinopokana icho hurumende yePeruvia nhasi inoti ingadai yakakurumidza kudzoka kwezvinhu mushure mekudzidza. Zvisinei, patova nemakore anenge zana, uye Peru inoda kuti vadzoke. Kunyangwe paine chibvumirano pakati peYale University nehurumende yePeru yeAlan Garcia muna 2007, gakava racho rakawedzera kutanga kwegore rino apo zvakaziviswa kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvakagara kuYale - pakutanga zvaifungidzirwa kuti zviri munharaunda ye3,000 - zvave kunzi vangapfuura 40,000.
Maonero azvinoita vamwe vePeruvia, Hiram Bingham chaingova chimwe chitsauko muutongi hweukoloni hwenyika apo zvikamu zvenhoroondo yavo netsika zvakabviswa, kunyorwazve, uye kunyorerwa kuti mumwe munhu awane, uye mukurumbira.
"Dambudziko harisi Bingham, dambudziko nderemaitiro eYunivhesiti yeYale pamusoro pekuunganidzwa kweMachu Picchu," anodaro anochera matongo Luis Lumbreras, iye aimbova mukuru weInstituto National de Cultura, anonyatsoziva nyaya iyi. "Dambudziko maitiro ane chekuita nenyika yangu, kumitemo yangu muPeru uye nezve mvumo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kutengesa kunze kwenyika muunganidzwa."
Kunyange zvazvo mukuru akabvuma kudzoserwa kwechikamu chakanaka cheMachu Picchu akaunganidzwa, Lumbreras anotora kunze kwemamiriro akatemerwa neYale maererano nekuvakwa kwemuseum yekuisa zvinhu zvisati zvaona kudzoka kwavo. Yale arikudaidza mapfuti, Lumbreras anonzwa, uye haazvifarire.
"Makore makumi mapfumbamwe gare gare maitiro eYale akanaka, asi ... 'tichadzosera muunganidzwa kana uine museum pasi pemamiriro andinobvunza', iyo Yale huru. Chokwadi hazvibviri.”
Yale's Purofesa Burger anopindura, zvisinei, kuti mutemo unorambidza maererano nekutengesa kunze kwenyika kuunganidzwa kweMachu Picchu waingoshanda munzendo dzake dzakazotevera - apo muongorori asina kunakidzwa nerutsigiro rwakafanana kubva kuhurumende yePeruvia. Kunzwisisa kwekuunganidza kwekutanga, Burger anopikisa, yaive yekuti zvinhu zvakaendeswa kuUnited States, 'nekusingaperi'.
Kupinda & Kusvika Vashanyi vazhinji vanotora rwendo kuenda kuMachu Picchu vachasvika muLima, vachiteverwa neawa imwe nekota ndege kuenda kuCusco, chii chaive nzvimbo yechokwadi yeInca empire. Kuno zvimwe uchakwaziswa nevagari veko tii ye<em>coca-leaf inonzi inoderedza migumisiro yechirwere che<em>altitude. Cusco nemachechi ayo uye mamuseum anoumba guta rakanaka rine rakasiyana rekuvaka uye renhoroondo nhaka iyo inofanirwa kuona. Nepo Machu Picchu iri chishongo mukorona, kune nzvimbo dzakawanda muMupata Unoyera. Kune mwenje uye inonzwika kuratidzwa panzvimbo yekuchera matongo yeOllantaytambo, uye yakakura Sucsayhuaman Fortress.
Ruzivo rwekufamba kuenda kuPeru runogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nePromPerú, bhodhi renyika yekushanya, Calle Uno Oeste N ° 50 - Urb. Córpac – Lima 27, Peru. [51] 1 2243131, http://www.promperu.gob.pe
iperu inopa ruzivo rwevafambi uye rubatsiro maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Vanogona kusvikwa pa +24 51 1 kana neemail pa [email inodzivirirwa]
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