Shark kutya chinhu chekushanya kweCape Cod

Mubhaisikopo "Jaws," muchena mukuru ari ega anofamba-famba mumvura yemahombekombe eguta remahombekombe, achivhundutsa vagari veko.

Kune vaChatham neOrleans vanoenda kumahombekombe masvondo mashoma apfuura, yanga isiri shaki yega inobhururuka inouraya, asi gumi, vangangosvika makumi maviri, vachena vakuru vanofamba nechikepe kumahombekombe, dzimwe nguva padyo nemahombekombe uye nevanhu.

Izvo zvakaonekwa zvakakurudzira mamaneja emahombekombe kuvhara mahombekombe kuti vashambire pamusoro peSvondo Yebasa muOrleans, uye nekusingaperi muChatham.

Asi zvinoitika gore rinouya fungidziro yemunhu wese, masayendisiti nevakuru vetaundi vakadaro.

Vachena vakuru vanonyanya kudya zvisimbiso, kwete vanhu, uye kukura kwechisimbiso koloni pamahombekombe eChatham's Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge inogona kunge iri dhirowa inovachengeta vachidzoka - pamwe nenhamba huru - gore negore.

Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuve yakawanda kuvharwa kwemahombekombe, pamusoro pezvinotsungirirwa nevashanyi uye vagari vemudhorobha kuchengetedza shiri dziri mungozi yekutsakatika senge plovers uye little tern. Iko mukana, zvisinei kuti uri kure, kuti mumwe munhu anogona kurumwa, kana kuurayiwa, neshaki zvakare inokanda mumvuri wakareba, wakareba pamusoro pekushanya kweCape.

"Chimwe chinhu chisiri pamutemo chebhizinesi rangu chandinofanira kubata nacho," akadaro John Ohman, muridzi weLiam's kuNauset Beach, resitorendi iri pamahombekombe eOrleans. “Vanhu vachasarudza here rimwe dhorobha ravanogona kuenda kunoroja, senge Wellfleet kana Eastham? Zvichida kuenda kuBay side? Mubvunzo wakanaka usina mhinduro. "

Mary Corr, director director weChatham Chamber of Commerce, akataura kuti, izvozvi, dhorobha raona chimwe chinhu chekuwedzera kwekushanya kubva kune vanoda kuziva. Asi kufarira ikoko kunongoenda kure.

"Nezvekushanya, vanhu vanoda kuenda kumahombekombe," akadaro. Kana vasingakwanisi, mabhizimisi anotambura.

Kudzivirirwa nemutemo

Nezvose shark uye zvisimbiso pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwemubatanidzwa, kuenda kumahombekombe kunogona kusazofanana zvakare.

“Zvinobvira chose chose kuti nzvimbo yavanoonwa inogona kuvaona vachidzoka gore negore, boka rezvidhindo richiva kiyi,” akadaro George Burgess, mutungamiriri weFlorida Program for Shark Research muGainesville. “White shark dzinoda zvidhindo. Kana boka rezvisimbiso riri kuita zvakanaka, uye nhamba dzavo dziri kuwedzera, ingangove fungidziro yakanaka kwazvo yewhite shark (nhamba yevagari vemo) ichasimukawo.”

Kuti zvisimbiso zviri kubudirira zviri pachena. Jim Gilbert, purofesa wezvemhuka dzemusango paYunivhesiti yeMaine kuOrono, anorapa zvisimbiso nemhuka dzemugungwa. Zvisimbiso zvakadzokororwa kubva kunhamba dzakaderera zvakanyanya mushure mekubviswa kwegounty pazvisimbiso muna 1964 muMassachusetts, uye apo Marine Mammal Protection Act ye1972 yakaita mhosva yemubatanidzwa kukuvadza, kushungurudza, kana kuuraya mumwe.

Nhamba dzechisimbiso dzechiteshi dzakawedzera zvakapetwa kana pakati pa1981 na2001, kusvika kuvanhu 99,000, kunyanya muMaine. Kunyangwe grey zvisimbiso zvakanyanya kuwanda muMassachusetts, fungidziro yehuwandu ndeye sketchy. Grey zvisimbiso zvinonyanya kuverengerwa paSable Island, chitsuwa chidiki chiri kure kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweNova Scotia. Muna 1962, vana 120 chete vakazvarwa imomo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, 55,000 vakazvarwa.

Zvisimbiso zvegrey zvinotama chitubu chega chega kubva kuSable Island kuenda kuMonomoy nedzimwe nzvimbo muGulf yeMaine, uye nhamba dzadzo dzakakwira paMonomoy neMuskeget Island kubva kuNantucket nehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika zviuru gumi.

"Zvese zvinonongedza zvisimbiso zvegrey kuwedzera muGulf yeMaine," akadaro Gilbert. Asi hapana nhamba yenhoroondo, hapana muganho wepamusoro uchiri kuzivikanwa kune zvisimbiso vanhu. Dzakafanana nenondo dzomugungwa, dzichiwanda kusvikira zvokudya zvashaikwa, hosha yakapararira yaparadza nhamba huru, kana kuti zvikara zvaonda.

Nepo vamwe vachichemera kudzingwa, kana kudzinga zvisimbiso kubva kuMonomoy, Marine Mammal Protection Act inoodza zviito izvozvo, zvichivabvumira mumamiriro ezvinhu mashoma, sekudzivirirwa kwerudzi rwuri mungozi yesalmon, kana kupa madzinza emuno mukana wekuvabata. chikamu chekodzero dzavo dzechibvumirano.

Hapana chinopihwa muchiitiko chemhuka dzemugungwa, akadaro Tom Eagle, nyanzvi yezvekubata hove muNMFS Hofisi Yekuchengetedzwa Kwezviwanikwa muSilver Springs, Md., yekuuraya kana kushungurudza mhuka dzemugungwa nekuti dzinokwezva chikara chine ngozi. Uyezve, kuchengetedzwa pasi pechiito kunoenderera mberi pasinei nehuwandu hwemarudzi.

Kuonekwa kwe Shark kunokwevera mapoka evanhu muChatham

Great white shark zvakare imhando yakachengetedzwa, yakavharwa pasi pemitemo yemubatanidzwa yekubata hove inorambidza chero chinhu kunze kwekubata nekusunungura, uye pasi pechibvumirano chepasirese chinorambidza kutengeswa kwezvikuru zvichena zveshark zvigadzirwa nenyama. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zviratidzo zvichiratidza kuti zvikara izvi hazviwanzowanikwi uye zviri kudzikira, masayendisiti haana chero fungidziro yehuwandu hunoratidza kuwanda kwadzo kana nzira yadziri kunanga.

"Pakazere, ivo vashoma kana zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhuka, pamwe kwete muCalifornia neAustralia," akadaro Nancy Kohler, mukuru weApex Predator Chirongwa cheNational Marine Fisheries Service hofisi muNarragansett, RI Vachena vachena vanofambawo nzendo refu - shark imwe yakamaka. yakaenda mamaira 12,000 mumwedzi misere - zvichiita kuti kudzidza kuve kwakaoma.

Kurwiswa kuno kashoma

Kohler akati kune zvakare zvakawanda zvisingazivikanwe nezvekuti nei vachitama uye kuti vanodzokera here kana kuti kwete.

Masayendisiti akafunga kwenguva refu kuti nzvimbo dzezvisimbiso zvakawanda seFarallon Islands kubva kuSan Francisco dzinotsigira vagari vevachena vakuru. Asi ongororo ichangoburwa yaisanganisira hafu-dhazeni shark yakaratidza kuti vazhinji vakaenderera mberi, kusanganisira imwe yakaenda kure kumadokero seHawaii.

Kunyangwe vachifarira mvura inodziya, vachena vakuru vanogona kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri madhigirii mashanu inodziya kupfuura tembiricha yemvura. Izvi zvinovabvumira kunyura zvakadzika uye kushanda mumvura inotonhora. Vakaonekwa kure kuchamhembe seNewfoundland. Chidzidzo che 1985 chakanyorwa pamwe nesaenzi weNMFS John Casey akavaisa muGulf of Maine kubva munaJune kusvika Gunyana. Kohler akati vanokwanisa kushivirira mvura yepamusoro netembiricha yakadzika se51 degrees.

“Kana kwangotonhora kudaro, vanobva vatama,” akadaro.

Kushaikwa kweruzivo kunoreva kuti masayendisiti haagone kutaura kuti mwaka uno we shark waive wakashata here kana kuti chiratidzo cheramangwana. Kusvika mwedzi wapfuura, muchena mumwe chete kana vaviri vakuru vakaonekwa pedyo neCape. Hapana anokwanisa kutaura kuti aya aive shark aidzokera kunzvimbo yaaiziva, kana kuti zvakangoitika.

Kufanana nevakawanda vanodzidza vatsvene vakuru, Kohler akafadzwa kuti Massachusetts Division yeMarine Fisheries shark nyanzvi Greg Skomal akaisa vashanu vevachena vakaungana kubva kuChatham. Aya ma satellite tag anonyora tembiricha yemvura, nzvimbo, nguva nekudzika kwemhuka idzi kwemwedzi mishanu inotevera, uye izvo zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwekuti sei vaive kuMonomoy.

Asi mabhenefiti ekutsvagisa ikoko anogona kurasika kune vanoshambira, vanofamba nemhepo uye vamwe vanongoerekana vazviwana ivo vachifungidzira kana rima chimiro chakashambira pasi pavo chaive chisimbiso kana shark.

Kurwiswa kweShark kwave kusiri nyaya muMassachusetts, paine imwe chete, kufa muna 1936, zvichienzaniswa neCalifornia nekurwiswa makumi manomwe nenomwe nevachena vakuru uye nerufu sere kubvira 73.

Zvakadaro, mukana wekurwiswa unowedzera nekuswedera kune zvisimbiso.

"Ko mikana yedu inokwidziridzwa here, mhinduro yakanaka kwazvo, hongu," Burgess akadaro. “Zvinoreva here kuti ucharumwa kana kurwiswa? Kwete hazvo.”

Kune vakawanda vanofamba mumvura yeCalifornia vachishandisa mvura inogaro gara nezvisimbiso nemashaki, Burgess akadaro. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachirumwa, zviitiko zvacho hazviwanzoitiki, kurwiswa kusingasviki kamwe pagore, uye kufa kusingasviki kumwe chete pamakore gumi nemaviri.

Asi iko kutya kwezvisingazivikanwe kwaita kuti vakuru veChatham vachengete mahombekombe avo akavharwa sezvavanoedza kuronga gore rinouya. Mukuru weParks, VaDaniel Tobin, vakati komisheni yavo ichange ichisangana mumwaka usiri wegore kuti vaone nzira dzekuchengetedza vanoenda kumahombekombe. Ainyanya kunetseka nezvenhamba huru dzevashahwi vakatakurwa nechikepe vachienda kumhenderekedzo dzegungwa uko kwakanga kusina vachengeti vezvoupenyu kana kuti kutenderera kwenguva dzose.

"Tichataura nevanhu vanotarisira izvi mune mamwe matunhu enyika," Tobin akadaro. "Ndezve (kune imwe nyika) kwatiri muno muNew England."

Burgess anofunga kuti Cape inoda cheki chaiyo.

“Tanga takafuta, mbeveve uye tichifara patinopinda munyanza. Isu tinofunga zvakafanana nedziva rekuseri kwemba, asi handizvo,” akadaro. Kushandisa pfungwa kana shark dziri mumvura, pamwe chete nevanochengetedza gungwa vachiona, zvinogona kuenda kure kunzvenga njodzi.

"Kuva nemashaki munharaunda hakusi kutsvoda kwerufu," akadaro. "Handifunge kuti izvi zvinoratidza kupera kwekunakidzwa kwekushambira mumvura idzi kwegore rose kana muzhizha rinouya."