SHANGHAI - Kana vafambi vekuAmerica vakafunga kuti vakashata mazuva ano, funga zvakaitika kune vafambi pandege gumi nesere dzekuChina nguva pfupi yadarika.
Ndege dzakasimuka kubva kuKunming airport kumaodzanyemba kweChina. Vamwe vakacheuka mudenga. Vamwe vakasvika kwavaienda; asi pasina kurega vapfuuri, jeti dzakabhururuka dzichidzokera kuKunming. Mamiriro ekunze yanga isiri nyaya, kana dambudziko remagetsi, vaongorori vakadaro. Asi, chaive chiitiko chemubatanidzwa chekuzvidza nevatyairi vendege vasina kufara nemubhadharo wavo, zvirongwa zvinonetesa uye kushaikwa kwekuzorora pamwe chete nezvibvumirano zvehupenyu hwese zvavanogona kutyora chete nekubhadhara mari yakawanda.
China's Civil Aviation Administration yakabhadharisa mutakuri uyu mari inosvika zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhora uye akatora dzimwe nzira dzayo dzekumba. Asi sangano iri harina kugadzirisa dambudziko riripo: indasitiri yendege iri kunetsekana nekuzadzisa kudiwa kwekufamba nekushomeka kwevatyairi vendege nemitemo yechinyakare uye manejimendi.
Zvichikurudzirwa nekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika uye hupfumi huri kuramba huchikwira, ndege dzeChina dzakabhururuka mamirioni zana nemakumi masere neshanu gore rapfuura, zvichikwira 185% kubva makore maviri apfuura. Icho chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvina cheUS traffic traffic. Vatakuri veChinese vari kutenga mazana endege nyowani asi vari kushanda nesimba kutsvaga vanhu vekubhururuka nadzo.
"Mamiriro ezvinhu aripo ndeekuti, unoda vatyairi vese kuti vabhururuke kuti vazadzise zvinodiwa," akadaro Tian Baohua, purezidhendi weBeijing-based Civil Aviation Management Institute of China.
Mhirizhonga haina kukwanisa kuuya panguva yakaipisisa. NemaOlympics echirimo muBeijing ari pedyo uye vashanyi vane mamirioni maviri vanotarisirwa kuMitambo, kudiwa kwekufamba nendege kungangowedzera. China yakavaka rekodhi yekuchengetedza inoremekedzwa mumakore achangopfuura, asi zviitiko zvichangoburwa zvakasiya vanobhururuka vachitya.
"Kutora ndege kunoratidzika kunge kunotyisa kwandiri," akadaro Xi Ping, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi wekambani yemagetsi muShanghai anobhururuka kakawanda pamwedzi. “Ndinogara ndiine hanya nezvekuchengeteka parwendo rwendege, uye mazuva ano ndinotonetseka kuti vatyairi vendege vari kufara here. . . . Kana vatyairi vendege vakadzoka nendege kekupedzisira [muKunming], ndinoshamisika nguva inotevera kana vaizoita chimwe chinhu chakaipisisa.”
Kaputeni wekambani yehurumende yakaita seChina Eastern anoita mari inosvika zviuru makumi mana nezvishanu zvemadhora pagore, uye vatyairi vendege hafu iyoyo. Nezviyero zvakajairika zveChinese, iyo mari yakanaka. Asi vatyairi vendege vakafananidzwa kumakambani endege eChina vanogona kuwana zvinosvika makumi mashanu muzana.
Kupfuura mubhadharo, vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanoti nyama yavo huru yemombe ihurongwa hwebasa hwekuranga.
Pasi pemitemo yeChinese, ndege dzinofanirwa kupa vatyairi mazuva maviri akateedzana ekuzorora pasvondo. Asi vatyairi vendege vanoti mamaneja vanogara vachivashanda mazuva matanhatu pasvondo vovanyima imwe nguva yekuzorora, zvichikonzera kuneta uye kukwidza nyaya dzekuchengetedza.
"Mumwedzi minomwe imwe chete, ndakanga ndisina kana imwe yemaawa makumi mana nesere ekuzorora," akadaro kaputeni weChina Eastern ane makore 48 anonzi Wu. Murwi ane makore gumi nematatu, anoshanda kubva kuchamhembe kweChina, haana kutaura zita rake rizere, achiti ainetsekana nekutsiviwa nekambani.
Kunyangwe asingatenderi zvakaitwa nevamwe vake kuKunming munaKurume 31 naKubvumbi 1, Wu anoti anonzwisisa manzwiro avo. “Mazuva ano musana nechiuno zvinowanzorwadza,” akadaro. Nguva pfupi yadarika akasiya basa nekuda kwekunetsekana nerudungwe rwake rwunomushungurudza.
China Eastern, imwe yevatakuri vatatu venyika, pamwe neAir China neChina Southern, vakaramba kutaura.
Mamwe makambani endege ari mumatambudziko akafanana. Muna Kurume, makumi mana vatungamiri veShanghai Airlines vakakumbira zororo rekurwara panguva imwe chete. Vhiki mbiri gare gare, vatungamiriri gumi nevaviri veEast Star Airlines vakaita zvimwe chetezvo.
Pamwe chete, vamwe vatyairi vendege mazana maviri, kusanganisira vangangosvika makumi manomwe kuChina Eastern, vatora matanho ekumisa zvibvumirano zvebasa nevashandirwi vavo. Icho chikamu chevatyairi vanopfuura zviuru gumi muChina, asi vamwe vazhinji vangafunga kusiya kana kushandura vatakuri, kana vachikwanisa.
Vazhinji vavo vakasaina zvibvumirano zvehupenyu hwese nendege, idzo dzakatsika bhiri rechikoro chekutyaira uye kudzidziswa. Iyo inogona kumhanya $100,000 pamunhu.
Vachizeza kurega mari yavo ichienda, vendege vari kuda kuti vatyairi vendege vabhadhare mari inosvika miriyoni imwe chete yemadhora kuti vaende, anodaro Zhang Qihuai, gweta kuBeijing Lanpeng Law Firm, inomiririra vatyairi vendege makumi mashanu vakatsvaga kupokana kana kumhan'arira ndege sere.
Kusvika pari zvino, vashoma vakawana zororo kubva kumatare kana zviremera zvendege.
Vanoongorora vanopomera makambani endege nehurumende nekurega zvinhu zvichienda kunze.
"Zvese zvaifungwa nevendege kwaive kuwedzera ndege. Makambani anotengesa ndege haapi vatyairi vendege,” akadaro Tian wesangano rehurumende rinoona nezvendege. "Hurumende inofanirwa kudzora huwandu hwendege itsva."
Zhang akati zvaive zvisina musoro kudzikamisa kufamba kwevatyairi muhupfumi hwemusika. Ndege zhinji, anodaro, dzinoshanda sekunge China ichiri hupfumi hwakarongwa, umo vashandi vaitarisirwa kugara nebhizinesi hupenyu hwavo hwese.
Shanghai-based China Eastern ndiyo ndege yechitatu pakukura munyika ine vafambi vanosvika mamirioni makumi matatu nepfumbamwe gore rapfuura (vakangowanda saizi yeUS Airways), uye iyo chete ine basa rakananga kubva kuLos Angeles kuenda kuShanghai. Mutakuri wechikwereti auya achishoropodzwa nekuda kwekutonga kwakashata uye hukama hwevashandi.
Mushure menguva pfupi yadarika yevatyairi vendege muKunming, China Eastern pakutanga yakasimbirira kuti ndege dzekudzokera dzaive dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze. Chiitiko ichi chawedzera kukanganisa mukurumbira wekambani uye kukanganisa huwandu hwevafambi, vamiriri vekufambisa vanoti.
"Iye zvino kunyangwe dzimwe ndege dzikanonoka nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, vafambi havazvitende," Tian akadaro.
China Eastern nedzimwe ndege dzehurumende dziri kunzwawo kupisa kubva mukukwira kwevashandi vakazvimirira.
China Express Airlines, kambani yakazvimirira yakabatana-yekutakura inogara muGuiyang kumaodzanyemba kweChina, yakatanga kushanda nguva pfupi yadarika nendege nhatu dzakahaiwa kubva kuShandong Airlines.
Mutauriri weChina Express, Muzvare Xu Yin, vanoti kambani iyi ine hurongwa hwekuwedzera ndege shanu gore rino, asi havazive kuti ichawanepi vatyairi vendege. Chiremera cheChina chezvendege chakarambidza vatakuri vakazvimiririra kubva mukukwezva vatyairi vendege kubva kune dzimwe ndege nemapaketi anodiwa zvakanyanya.
China Express yakavimbisa kuhaya vadzidzi makumi mashanu vakanyoresa pachikoro chevatyairi vendege nemari yavo. Asi vanenge vasina kugadzirira kubhururutsa jeti dzekutengesa chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Xu haataure kuti vaizowana marii, asi inoti China Express iri kubhadhara vashandi vayo parizvino vevatyairi vendege makumi matatu kupfuura avo vari kuShandong Airlines.
Dzimwe ndege dzakazvimiririra dzeChinese dzakatora vatyairi vekunze, vachibhadhara zviuru zvisere kusvika zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemadhora pamwedzi, sekureva kwevatyairi vendege vekuChina, avo vanonyunyuta kuti vashandirwi vanoshanda maawa mashoma uye vanonakidzwa nemabhenefiti akadai semvumo yeimba iyo vatyairi veChinese vanogona kungorota nezvayo.
"Kunzwa kwangu nezvazvo?" akadaro Zhang Zongming, kaputeni kuHainan Airlines. "Ndinonzwa ndisina simba."
Zhang, makumi mana nemana, aida kubhururuka kubva achiri mukomana achikura muTianjin, guta riri kumabvazuva kweBeijing. Ndichigara pedyo nenhandare yendege, “Ndaigona kuona ndege dzichibhururuka mudenga nguva dzose, uye ndakazvifarira zvomenemene,” akadaro. Saka mauto paakauya kutaundi kuzotora vakapedza kudzidza kuchikoro chesekondari, akanyoresa.
Akadzidza kubhururuka muchiuto uye akabatana neHainan Airlines muna 1997.
Kutanga somudzidzi wendege, aifara kuwana mari inosvika $600 pamwedzi. Ndege diki yaingova nendege nhanhatu uye vamwe vatyairi makumi matanhatu, akadaro. "Kambani yese yakatipa isu tese kunzwa kwakanaka."
Asi sezvo Hainan akabatana nendege diki, achiwedzera ndege dzakawanda nemazana evashandi, Zhang akati mubhadharo wevashandirwi weinishuwarenzi yehutano nemapenjeni aigara achimiswa pasina chikonzero. Maawa ebasa akawedzera. Zhang akati zvikumbiro zvake zvenguva yezororo zvakaoma kuti zvibvumirwe.
Hainan Airlines, iyo inonyanya kuve yedunhu reHainan, haina kupindura zvikumbiro zvekutaura. MunaNovember, mushure memakore gumi nerimwe nekambani, Zhang akabvuma kusiya basa. Vati muhoro wavo wemari inodarika zviuru zvinomwe nemazana mashanu emadhora pamwedzi hausisina basa nazvo.
“Ndakaona kuti ndikaramba ndichishanda seizvi, zvaizokanganisa utano hwangu.”
travel.latimes.com
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- “I always have safety concerns for airplane trips, and these days I even have to worry about whether the pilots are in a good mood.
- Rather, it was a collective act of defiance by pilots unhappy about their pay, grueling schedules and lack of rest as well as lifetime contracts that they can break only by paying a fortune.
- The typical captain of a state-owned airline such as China Eastern makes about $45,000 a year, and co-pilots half that.
