Mutant Stem Cells Anozvidza Mitemo Yebudiriro

Fungidzira kuti uri kubika keke, asi wapera munyu. Kunyangwe nechinhu chisipo, batter ichiri kutaridzika sekeke batter, saka unoinamatira muchoto uye kuyambuka zvigunwe zvako, uchitarisira kuguma nechimwe chinhu chiri padyo nekeke rakajairwa. Pane kudaro, unodzoka awa imwe gare gare kuti uwane steak yakabikwa zvakakwana.

Zvinoita sejee rinoshanda, asi rudzi urwu rweshanduko inokatyamadza ndiyo yakanyatsoitika pandiro yembeva stem masero apo masayendisiti epaGladstone Institutes akabvisa geni rimwe chete — masero anotarisirwa kuita masero emwoyo akangoerekana afanana neanotangira kumasero europi. Kuona kwesaenzi mukana wekuona kuri kusimudzira izvo zvavaifunga kuti vanoziva nezvekuti stem masero anoshanduka sei kuita maseru evakuru uye kuchengetedza kuzivikanwa kwavo sezvavanokura.

"Izvi zvinopokana nepfungwa dzakakosha dzekuti masero anogara sei munzira kana angotanga nzira yekuva masero emoyo kana uropi," anodaro Benoit Bruneau, PhD, director weGladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease uye munyori mukuru wechidzidzo chitsva chakabudiswa mu. Nature.

Kwete Kudzoka Kudzoka

Embryonic stem masero ane pluripotent-anokwanisa kusiyanisa, kana kushandura, mumhando yese yesero mumutumbi wevakuru wakaumbwa zvakakwana. Asi zvinotora matanho akawanda kuti stem masero ape marudzi emasero evakuru. Vari munzira yavo yekuva maseru emoyo, semuenzaniso, embryonic stem masero anotanga kusiyaniswa kuita mesoderm, imwe yematishu matatu ekutanga anowanikwa mumazamu ekutanga. Kuwedzera pasi penzira, masero emesoderm anotanga kuita mapfupa, mhasuru, tsinga dzeropa, uye masero emwoyo anorova.

Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti kana sero ratanga kusiyanisa imwe yeiyi nzira, haigone kutendeuka kuti isarudze imwe magumo.

“Zvikuru musayendisiti ari wose anotaura pamusoro pemaserura anoshandisa mufananidzo wenzvimbo yeWaddington, iyo inotaridzika zvikuru senzvimbo yokutsvedza musere ine mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana inodzika mumipata ine mawere, yakaparadzana,” anodaro Bruneau, anovawo William H. Muduku Sachigaro. muCardiovascular Research paGladstone uye purofesa wevana paUC San Francisco (UCSF). “Kana sero riri mumupata wakadzika, hapana nzira yokuti risvetuke richienda kune mumwe mupata wakasiyana zvachose.”

Makumi gumi apfuura, Gladstone Senior Investigator Shinya Yamanaka, MD, PhD, akawana nzira yekurongazve akapatsanurwa zvizere maseru evakuru kuita induced pluripotent stem masero. Kunyange izvi zvisina kupa maseru kugona kusvetuka pakati pemipata, yakaita senge ski inosimudza ichidzokera kumusoro kwenzvimbo yekusiyanisa.

Kubva ipapo, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti nekodzero yemakemikari cues, mamwe masero anogona kuchinjwa kuva marudzi ane hukama nemaitiro anonzi "direct reprogramming" - senzira yekudimbudzira nemusango pakati penzira dzakavakidzana dze ski. Asi hapana kana chimwe chezviitiko izvi zvaigona kuti masero angosvetuka-svetuka pakati pemakwara akasiyana akasiyana. Kunyanya, masero emesoderm aisakwanisa kuve ekutanga emhando dziri kure semasero ehuropi kana masero emudumbu.

Asi, muongororo itsva iyi, Bruneau nevamwe vake vanoratidza kuti, zvinovashamisa, masero emwoyo anogona kunyatsochinja kuva masero europi—kana puroteni inonzi Brahma isipo.

Chiratidzo Chinoshamisa

Vatsvakurudzi vaidzidza basa reprotein Brahma mukusiyanisa kwemasero emwoyo, nokuti vakawana muna 2019 kuti inoshanda pamwe chete nemamwe mamorekuru ane chekuita nekuumbwa kwemoyo.

Mundiro yembeva embryonic stem maseru, vakashandisa CRISPR genome-editing nzira kudzima gene Brm (iro rinogadzira protein Brahma). Uye ivo vakaona kuti maseru akange asisasiyanise mune akajairwa masero emoyo precursors.

“Pashure pemazuva gumi ekusiyaniswa, masero akajairika ari kurova zvine mutinhimira; iwo akajeka masero emwoyo,” anodaro Swetansu Hota, PhD, munyori wekutanga wechidzidzo ichi uye mushandi wesainzi muBruneau Lab. "Asi pasina Brahma, kwaingova nemhomho yemasero asina simba. Hapana kana kumborohwa."

Mushure mekuongorora kwakawedzerwa, timu yaBruneau yakaziva chikonzero chekuti masero akange asiri kurova yaive nekuti kubvisa Brahma hakuna kungodzima majini anodiwa kumasero emoyo, asiwo akagadziridzwa majini anodiwa mumasero europi. Masero emoyo precursor aive zvino masero ehuropi anotangira.

Vatsvagiri vakabva vatevera nhanho yega yega yekusiyanisa, uye zvisingatarisirwe vakawana kuti maseru aya haana kuzombodzokera kune pluripotent state. Panzvimbo iyoyo, maseru akatora kusvetuka kwakakura pakati pemasero maseru nzira kupfuura yakamboonekwa kare.

“Zvatakaona ndezvokuti sero riri mumupata mumwe wenzvimbo yeWaddington, rine mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, rinogona kusvetukira mumupata wakasiyana risati ratanga kukwira richidzokera kumusoro,” anodaro Bruneau.

Zvidzidzo zveChirwere

Nepo nharaunda yemaseru mundiro yerabhoritari uye mudumbu rose rakasiyana, zvakaonekwa nevaongorori zvine zvidzidzo nezvehutano hwesero uye chirwere. Kuchinja kwejini Brm kwakabatanidzwa necongenital heart disease uye ne syndromes inosanganisira kushanda kwehuropi. Jeni rinobatanidzwawo mumakenza akawanda.

"Kana kubvisa Brahma kunogona kushandura mesoderm masero (semwoyo cell precursors) kuita ectoderm masero (seropi cell precursors) mundiro, pamwe shanduko mujene Brm ndiyo inopa mamwe maseru egomarara kugona kushandura zvakanyanya chirongwa chavo chemajini," anodaro Bruneau.

Izvo zvakawanikwa zvakakoshawo padanho rekutanga rekutsvagisa, anowedzera, sezvavanogona kujekesa kuti maseru angashandura sei hunhu hwavo muhurongwa hwechirwere, sekutadza kwemoyo, uye nekugadzira kurapa kwekuvandudza, nekukwevera masero matsva emoyo semuenzaniso.

"Kudzidza kwedu kunotiudzawo kuti nzira dzekusiyanisa dzakaoma kunzwisisa uye hadzina kusimba kupfuura zvataifunga," anodaro Bruneau. "Ruzivo rwuri nani rwenzira dzekusiyanisa runogonawo kutibatsira kunzwisisa moyo wekuzvarwa-nezvimwe-zvirema, izvo zvinomuka muchidimbu kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwakasiyana."