Pandinopinda muchitoro cheshangu, ndinopiwa nguva yakawanda yokutarisa shangu imwe neimwe iri kuratidzwa, ndoitenderedza kuti nditarise mutengo, kusarudza shangu (shangu) dzinoratidzika kuva dzinodadisa, uye ipapo kutaura nomutengesi. Pandinopinda muchitoro chesangweji, ndine nguva yese munyika yekutarisa zviratidziro, kuverenga mamenu epamadziro, kuona izvo vamwe vari kuhodha, uyezve, kana ndagadzirira, batanidza mutsetse, uye woisa yangu. order.
Nehurombo, pandinopinda muchitoro chewaini, ndinonzwa kunge ndiri kupinda mumotokari yakashandiswa. Ini ndinokurumidza kushinyirwa nemushandi, ndokubvunza rudzi rwewaini yandinoda, ndokupinzwa nekukurumidza kuchikamu uye "iye" anotenderera ndichitarisa mavara, achindiendesa kune "waanofarira" brand/bhodhoro/varietal.
Ini ndinoona kutenga sechiito chenguva yekuzorora, ndichitora nguva yese yepasirese kufunga zvandinosarudza.
Semunyori wewaini ini ndinoda chaizvo kutarisa mavara, famba kubva kuFrench uchienda kuchikamu cheItaly, pfuura nepakati pechikamu cheSpanish, uye kunyange kutarisa izvo zviripo kubva kuNew York, California, Missouri, Arizona, Texas pamwe neIsrael. , Portugal, Australia, China, uye Kosovo.
Imwe nzira yekutaura nayo chitoro chewaini ndeyekukurumidza kuverenga chinyorwa pabhodhoro rewaini, uchifamba newaini yaunoda uye kwete bhodhoro iro mushandi arikuda kunditengesera.
Spanish Wine Label 101
The Spanish wine label imepu inotungamira kune zvakamirira mukati mebhodhoro.
1. Zita reWaini
2. Vintage. Gore kana Nzvimbo/Nzvimbo waini, kunyanya waini yemhando yepamusoro (kureva, DO Denominacion de Origen), yakagadzirwa.
• Kwete gore rega rega igore rakanaka rewaini. Mamwe makore ari nani pane mamwe.
• Imwe neimwe DO ine yayo yakasarudzika hunhu, uye kuravira. Iyo chete nzira yekuona yaunoda kuiravira (kuyedza uye kukanganisa).
3. Hunhu hweWaini. Spain inoda kuchembera mubhodhoro uye mumadhiramu emuouki kuti ionekwe seCrianza, Reserva, kana Gran Reserva:
• Crianza. Inenge gore rimwe chete mumadhiramu emuouki
• Reserva. Waini yemakore matatu ine ingangoita 3-gore inopedzerwa mumiouki mbiya
• Gran Reserva. Waini ane makore mashoma e5-makore: 2-makore muoki mbiya, uye 3-makore mumabhodhoro.
Mavara eWaini
Waini inowanzosarudzwa kuti iwedzere chiitiko chekudyira; zvisinei, mazambiringa mazhinji anokwanisa kuzvibata ega uye anonakidza kusveta pasina chikafu:
o Blanco – Muchena
o Rosado – Rose
o Tinto - Tsvuku (izwi rechiSpanish: ROJO; zvisinei, waini tsvuku inozivikanwa seVino Tinto)
Mhando dzeWaini
o Cava - waini inopenya yakagadzirwa nenzira yechinyakare (funga Champagne)
o Vino Espumoso - Sparking Wine yakagadzirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeSpain uye nekudaro havabvumidzwe kushandisa izwi rekuti CAVA pane zvinyorwa sezvo vasingasimbise kumitemo yakatemwa neCava regulatory body.
o Vino Dulce/Vina para Postres – Inotapira kana Dessert waini
Official Categories
o DOCa – Denominacion de Origen Calificada. Matunhu ekugadzira waini chete anoratidzwa kupa anowirirana emhando yepamusoro waini (kureva, Rioja nePriorat)
o ITA -Denominacion de Origen. Waini inogadzirwa pasi pekutarisirwa kweDO inochengetedzwa nemutemo. Nhoroondo DO waini dzinoonekwa semhando yepamusoro; zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura mawaini asiri DO akaenzana kana kupfuura DO waini
o Vina de la Tierra (VdLT). Waini kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yenzvimbo. Mune dzimwe nguva, mawaini aya aionekwa se "yechipiri akanakisa." Ichi hachisisiri chokwadi.
o Parcelario. "Zvisina pamutemo" - izwi rinoreva waini yakagadzirwa kubva kumazambiringa akarimwa mune imwe nzvimbo chaiyo.
o Vino d'Autor. Inoratidza maitiro emugadziri wewaini, uye ane zita rake. Izvi zvinogona (kana zvisingaite) zvinoenderana neDO kana VdLT mirau.
o Vina de La Mesa. Tafura waini iri pazasi peSpanish waini yemhando ladder. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi nguva dzose. Kune mamwe mawaini anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzeDO kana DOCa dzisingasangane nemitemo yakagadzirwa neConselo Regulador (Regulating Council) yedunhu, uye mazambiringa anofanirwa kunzi Vina de La Mesa. Muchokwadi, mawaini aya anogona kunge achidhura kupfuura yakabvumidzwa DO waini kubva munzvimbo imwechete.
Mamwe Matemu
o Roble – Oak! Iri izwi riri kuseri kwemavara, rinopa ruzivo rwehuwandu hwenguva yakashandiswa newaini mumadhiramu emuouki. Pamberi pechinyorwa, zvinoreva muoki - kuudza maitiro ewaini. Izvi zvinowanzoratidza kuti waini yakapedza isingasviki mwedzi mitanhatu muoki (3-4 mwedzi). Kana waini yakabikwa kwenguva yakareba, inogona kunzi Crianza kana Reserva.
o Barrico – Bhareri. Inowanzo kuteverwa neAmerican (American oak) kana France (French Oak), zvichiratidza kutanga kwehuni.
Kukwezva kweSpanish Wines
Pablo Picasso akafuridzirwa nemataundi, minda yemizambiringa, uye vanhu venzvimbo yewaini yeSpain (Terra Alta) mukati memakore makumi maviri apo aigara mumakomo. Nyika iri kubvuma zvishoma nezvishoma huchenjeri hwePicasso neSpain inogara yakaverengerwa pakati pevagadziri vewaini vatatu vepamusoro pasi rose (France neItaly ndiwo mamwe maviri).
Humbowo hunoratidza kuti mizambiringa yemizambiringa yakarimwa kuSpain kubva 4000 - 3000 BC. VaFenikiya vakatanga kugadzira waini muna 1100 BC munzvimbo yemazuva ano yeCadiz uye vakaitengesa sechinhu, vachishandisa midziyo yevhu inorema, isina kusimba (amphorae) yekutakura.
Phoenician Maritime Amphora
MaRoma akatevera vaFenikiya mukutonga Spain, kudyara mizambiringa, vachizivisa unyanzvi hwavo hwekugadzira waini kuvagari vemo (kureva, maCelt, neIberia). Maitiro acho akambundirwa anosanganisira kuviriswa muzvinwiro zvematombo, uye kushandiswa kweamphorae inosimba. Munguva iyi, Spain yakatengesa waini kuRoma, France neEngland.
Boka raitevera kutonga Spain raive maMoor echiIslam ekuchamhembe kweAfrica (zana ramakore rechisere - zana ramakore rechi 8). VaMoor vaisanwa doro; nerombo rakanaka, havana kumanikidza zvavanotenda pazvidzidzo zvavo zveSpanish kunyangwe hutsva mukugadzira waini hwakamiswa panguva iyi. Pakati pezana remakore rechi15, waini yakabva kuSpain yakatumirwa kubva kuBilbao kuenda kuEngland; zvisinei, hutano hwewaini hwakanga husingaenderani asi mazambiringa akanaka kwazvo akakwikwidzana kubudirira neFrench neGermany zvipo.
Apo vaMoor vakakundwa muzana remakore rechi15, Spain yakabatana. Columbus “akawana” West Indies achipa Spain musika mutsva wenyika. Pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19 hwaro hwekugadzira waini yemazuva ano yekuSpain dzakavambwa nevagadziri vewaini kubva kuBordeaux, Luciano de Murrieta Garcia-Lemon (iyo Marques de Murrieta), naCamilo Hurtado de Amezaga (iyo Marques do Riscal). Varume ava vakaunza tekinoroji yeBordeaux kuRioja, uye Riscal akadyara munda wemizambiringa muElciego, achitanga bodega muna 1860. Muna 1872, Murrieta akatanga yake bodega, Ygay estate, uye yasara inhau.
Achitevera nhanho idzi, Eloy Lecanda akatanga kugadzira waini nehunyanzvi muna 1864 panzvimbo inozivikanwa seVega Sicilia. Nekumashure muBordeaux, akaunza maFrench oak casks kunzvimbo iyi, pamwe nehunyanzvi hutsva hwekugadzira waini, uye marudzi emazambiringa, achiona kuti mizambiringa yakabudirira kukura pedyo neakaberekerwa Tempranillo.
Phylloxera yakapararira kuSpain muzana ramakore rechi 19, ichivhozhokera Rioja muna 1901. Kunyange zvazvo mushonga wakanga wagadzirwa, minda yemizambiringa munyika yose yaifanira kudyarwazve.
Mhando zhinji dzemazambiringa dzechivanhu dzakanga dzatarisana nokutsakatika.
Spain yakapinda munguva yemhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika iyo yakaguma nekurudyi General Francisco Franco akakunda, achitonga Spain semudzvanyiriri wemauto kubva muna 1939 kusvika parufu rwake muna 1975. Hurumende yaFranco yakadzvinyirira rusununguko rwehupfumi kusanganisira waini yaaitenda kuti yaifanira kushandiswa kuchechi chete. masakaramende, kubvisa minda yemizambiringa muViura nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Pakafa Franco, kugadzira waini yekuSpain kwakawana hunyanzvi uye pakave nekufarira kutsva kwewaini yemhando yepamusoro nevepakati pemadhorobha. Spain yakabatana neEuropean Union muna 1986, uye mari itsva yakaitwa munzvimbo dzewaini dzeSpain dzine nzira dziri nani dzekugadzira uye nekuwedzera kwemazuva ano.
Spanish Wine Ramangwana
Parizvino, chikamu chewaini cheSpanish chakaenzana neUS $9,873m (2022), uye musika unotarisirwa kukura gore negore ne6.24 muzana. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2025, makumi manomwe neshanu muzana ekushandisa, uye makumi mashanu neshanu muzana ehuwandu hwekushandisa muzvikamu zvewaini zvichave zvichikonzerwa nekudyiwa kwekunze kwemba (kureva, mabara nemaresitorendi). Spain ndiyo iri panhamba 79 pasi rose pakugadzira waini ine organic ine mahekita anodarika 52 akanyoreswa uye akanyoreswa kugadzirwa kweorganic. Murimi aitungamira, Torres, aive nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemunda wemizambiringa waigadzira organics.
Spain inoramba yakatarisana nenyaya dzekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze sezvo mamiriro ekunze anodziya ari kufambira mberi mwaka wekukohwa, zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwemhando dzemazambiringa dzinopisa. Kupisa kwepamusoro kwakaunza kukohwa kwemazambiringa mberi nemazuva gumi-10 mumakore gumi apfuura, uye kukohwa ikozvino kunoitika muna August, apo kupisa kwakanyanya. Kuti vapedze dambudziko iri varimi vari kutamisa minda yavo yemizambiringa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Unokwana Here?
Tsvagiridzo inoona kuti 60 muzana yevagari vekuSpain vanozviona sevatengi vewaini vane 80 muzana vanonakidzwa newaini inguva dzose, uye makumi maviri muzana vanonwa apo neapo. Ruzhinji rwevanwi ava vanosarudza waini tsvuku (20 muzana), nepo vamwe vachida waini chena (72.9 muzana), yakasimuka (12.0 muzana), waini inon’aima (6.4 muzana), uye waini yesherry/yedhizeti (6 muzana). Vanhu vazhinji vari kunwira kumba kwete kumabhawa nemaresitorendi uye izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekusiyana kwemitengo.
Ino ndiyo nguva yakakwana yekuongorora mazambiringa akanaka uye anonaka eSpain.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, tinya pano.
Iyi nhevedzano yakatarisana neWines yeSpain:
Verenga Chikamu 1 Pano: Spain Inosimudza Mutambo Wayo Wewaini: Zvakawanda Kupfuura Sangria
Verenga Chikamu 2 Pano: Waini dzeSpain: Ravira Musiyano Zvino
Verenga Chikamu 3 Pano: Mazambiringa Anopenya kubva kuSpain Dambudziko "The Other Guys"
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori
#waini
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- Pandinopinda muchitoro chesangweji, ndine nguva yese munyika yekutarisa zviratidziro, kuverenga mamenu epamadziro, kuona zviri kuhodha nevamwe, uyezve, kana ndagadzirira, batanidza mutsetse, uye woisa yangu. order.
- Semunyori wewaini ini ndinoda chaizvo kutarisa mavara, famba kubva kuFrench uchienda kuchikamu cheItaly, pfuura nepakati pechikamu cheSpanish, uye kunyange kutarisa izvo zviripo kubva kuNew York, California, Missouri, Arizona, Texas pamwe neIsrael. , Portugal, Australia, China, uye Kosovo.
- Imwe nzira yekutaura nayo chitoro chewaini ndeyekukurumidza kuverenga chinyorwa pabhodhoro rewaini, uchifamba newaini yaunoda uye kwete bhodhoro iro mushandi arikuda kunditengesera.
