Mhepo senzira yekufambisa, inoshanda zvakanyanya uye isingatore nguva shoma, iri kupupurira kukurumidza kukuru parizvino. Maererano nehuwandu hweWorld Bank, vanhu vangangosvika mabhiriyoni 4.233 pasi rose vakafarira mweya senzira yekufambisa muna 2018 kana tichienzanisa negore rapfuura.
Huwandu huri kuramba huchiwedzera uye kureruka uye kureruka kwezvifambiso zvendege zvakurudzira huwandu hwevanhu vari kuwedzera munyika kuti vasarudze nzira iyi, zvichibva zvawedzera zvakanyanya kufamba kwendege. Izvi zvinonzi zvinoda kuti pave nehutungamiriri hwekufamba nendege kuitira kuti pave nekufambiswa kwemhepo kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Iyo pfungwa ikozvino yabuda kuve yakakosha kupfuura nakare kose, zvichipihwa njodzi dzinogona kukonzeresa kusarongeka kwekutonga.
Muenzaniso wekuti gwanza riri mumanejimendi ringaburitsa zvinouraya zvinogona kutaurwa nekuparara kwakaipisisa kweJapan Airlines muna 1985. Chikonzero chikuru chakakonzera tsaona iyi chaive chaverengerwa kutadza kutaurirana pakati pevashandi vendege nevanodzora kutyaira kwendege izvo zvakapotsa zvasiya vanhu mazana mashanu nevashanu uye vangangosvika gumi nevashanu vevashandi vasara kuti vararame.
Tumira tsaona iyi inosuwisa, mabhodhi endege nehurumende dzakagadziridzwa zvirongwa nemitemo kuti vacherechedze mafambiro emhepo pasi rese. Kuvandudzwa kwenhandare dzendege dzeGreenfield nehurumende yeIndia ndechimwe chebudiriro huru munzvimbo ino, inodzokorora kukosha kwekutonga kwendege. Pamusoro pezvo, National Apprenticeship Training Scheme, NATS, yakabatsira zvakanyanya kuSESAR, chirongwa chinoshanda zvakanyanya nemafungiro ekuita kuti kufamba nendege kuve kwakachengeteka, kudhurike, uye kudzoreka.
Air traffic management ibasa rakakosha rakavambwa nechinangwa chekutsigira yakachengeteka, yakarongeka, uye nekukasira kuyerera kwemhepo. Air traffic management inobatwawo nekupindira kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji mumunda.
- Semuenzaniso, kuunzwa kweTime-Based Separation (TBS) paHeathrow Airport, UK muna 2016 sezviri pachena idanho rakakura rinoratidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji mukutonga kwekufamba kwemhepo. Iyo tekinoroji inobvumira vatongi vekufamba kwemhepo kutonga zvine simba kupatsanurwa pakati pezvinosvika ndege zvinoenderana nemamiriro emhepo aripo.
- Ichitaurazve pamusoro pekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, NASA muna Gumiguru 2018, yakaunza tekinoroji yayo itsva yekufambisa ndege- Flight Deck Interval Management, kuFederal Aviation Administration. Iyi tekinoroji inotarisirwa kubatsira vadzori vemotokari uye vatyairi vendege zvakanaka kubata nguva nekuchengeteka pakati pendege dzinomhara munzira.
- Indasitiri makongiresi akaisa tsoka yavo yakanakisa kumberi kugadzira matekinoroji uye masisitimu ayo anozopa kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo. Panyaya iyi, Honeywell International, zita rine mukurumbira mubhizinesi rekufambiswa kwemhepo, yakaunza NAVITAS, iyo IoT inotsigira tekinoroji. NAVITAS inounganidza uye kuronga data-chaiyo-nguva kuti ipe kutarisa kweziso reshiri mukati mekutonga kwekufamba kwendege zvichiita kuti kugovana ruzivo pakati pevakuru venhandare.
Iyo Asia Pacific iri kuratidzawo zviratidzo zvinozivikanwa zvekuunza budiriro mumusika wekutonga traffic traffic. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukura kuri kuita vanhu vanofamba nendege traffic uye inopinda neindasitiri yendege mudunhu rese. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakati dunhu iri riri kusangana nekukura kusati kwamboitika muchikamu chendege, izvo zvaizobatsira APAC kufambira mberi zvakanyanya maererano nekufamba kwendege. Chokwadi, inogona kunge iri padanho neEurope neNorth America zvakasanganiswa, pakupera kwa2030, zvichigadzira nzira yekusimudzira mukudzora traffic uye manejimendi.
Kunyangwe hazvo manejimendi ekufamba nendege akanzi gadziriso yekumisa imwe chete kune ese mafambiro emhepo ane chekuita nenyaya, pane mamwe matambudziko akave nemhedzisiro pakurongeka kwemafambisirwo emhepo. Chimwe cheizvi ndechekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kushandura kudiwa uye kugadzira kudzvanywa kwesimba retiweki yenhandare yendege, zvichikonzera kutyisidzira kwezvivakwa uye mashandiro ezuva nezuva. Nekudaro, vatambi veindasitiri vakasiyana-siyana vari kuedza kugadzira masisitimu ayo anogona kubatsira vatungamiriri venhandare yendege kutonga pamusoro petraffic uye manejimendi endege vachitevedzera mitemo yakasimba yehurumende yendege.
Ne tekinoroji iri kudiwa kweawa, kuunzwa kwenzira dziri kure dzekudzora kufambiswa kwemhepo kunogona kuratidza kuve budiriro yeindasitiri yekutungamira traffic traffic mune ramangwana. Kushandisa data network kuendesa mifananidzo uye data digitally, kure ATC kwaizochinja zvakanyanya chiso cheindasitiri mumakore anotevera. Tisingataure, hukuru hwetekinoroji deployments inogona zvakare kuunza shanduko mumusika wekutonga traffic traffic.
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- With technology being the need of the hour, the introduction of remote air traffic control techniques could prove to be a breakthrough for air traffic management industry in the future.
- Although air traffic management has been termed as a one-stop solution for all air travel pertaining issues, there are some challenges that have somehow had an impact on the smooth management of air traffic.
- For instance, the introduction of Time-Based Separation (TBS) at Heathrow Airport, UK in 2016 is evidently a drastic move signifying the technological advancement in air traffic management.
