Munyori Mukuru mutsva we UNWTO: Kushanya kuchaenderera mberi kune hupfumi kana ecology?

Muverengi weTN akaendesa kutora kwake kunonakidza kune Munyori Mukuru mutsva weUnited Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO).

Pakati pechimedu chepasi icho the UNWTO Vamiriri veMunyori Mukuru vanodzivirira uye vanotamba makadhi avo uye kune avo vanogona kuwana mavhoti, zvirokwazvo ndizvo zvinofarirwa nehurumende, uye zvekutengesa zve "indasitiri yekushanya." Asi kunewo nyika iri mukurwadziwa uye huwandu hwevanhu hunoda zviitiko zvekusimudzira maererano nemamiriro ekunze, magariro, hupfumi, tsika, uye kusimudzira kwetsika, maererano nemaonero ekubatana nerunyararo - izvo kushanya, sechiitiko chevanhu, kunogona kubatsira. kukunda, kudzoreredza nzira yemhirizhonga inoratidzwa nezviito zveeconometric zvekukakavadzana uye kukakavara, kwemisasa yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa, iyo inokanganwa munhu, vanhu, uye hupenyu hunogara muchikepe ichi, Earth, iyo inotigamuchira zvinyoronyoro.

Kushanya chishandiso chine simba chekusimudzira kuwirirana nerunyararo rwepasi, sezvo ichifarira kucherechedzwa, kunzwisisa, kukoshesa, uye kuchengetedza tsika dzakasiyana uye nharaunda yavo yenharaunda - kugovera kuri nani kwemari uye kubatanidzwa.

Pamwe chete nekushanya - sechinhu chinogona kuitwa nevanhu chekuchinja uku - kuzorora uye kutandara, mitambo, zvemweya, dzidzo netsika, hunyanzvi, pamwe nesainzi uye tekinoroji. Mamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa atakavaka mukushanduka kwedu kwevanhu.

Nezve kugadzirisa nyika - kana paine nguva nemamiriro ezvinhu - zvakakosha kuti "misimboti yekugarisana kwevanhu vane mutoro uye maonero ekugadzirisa matambudziko," uye yekushanya, izvo zvinogona kuunza zvikomborero uye kukurudzira zvinokuvadza, nekuda kweizvi zvakakosha. chiitiko chevanhu chinoda misimboti iyi uye misimboti chaiyo kuti izvitungamirire, sezvo chiri chiitiko chinokura munharaunda yacho uye nharaunda yetsika nemagariro yakashanyirwa.

Iyo Sustainable Tourism Charter, iyo yakatanga kubva kuWorld Conference on Sustainable Tourism, iyo yaisanganisira akasiyana masangano eUnited Nations uye yakaitika muLanzarote, Canary Islands kuSpain muna 1995, yatisiyira fungidziro yakakosha uye yakaratidza misimboti gumi nesere yekugarisa. tourism. Mamwe mabhii ne“meseji” akasiiwa ne“kugadzirisa hana” achitsigira ichi chiitiko chinokosha anonongedzerawo kune iri nzira.

Hupfumi hwekushanyirwa hune tarisiro isinganzwisisike pane ecology uye kugadzikana kwakakosha pachiitiko chacho, uye "indasitiri yekushanya" inokwevera pagwara rekuita bhizinesi, kudyara, uye kutungamira nzvimbo dzekushanya, kushandura mamiriro uye tsika dzinozvidza. Nyika dzichiri kusimukira nhasi ndidzo dzinonyanya kutariswa mari; kushaya simba kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kushayikwa kweruzivo kune vezvematongerwo enyika pakufona - vanokurudzira maonero e "econometric", vachitarisa zvakanyanya kune zvemagariro uye ecological-environmental aspects zvinobatanidzwa.

Izvi zvinoonekwa muhurongwa hwehupfumi hwenharaunda, uko kudzika kwemisasa kunoshamisa kunoitika nenzira yakazaruka uye pasina nheyo inonzwisisika. Hazvisi netsaona kuti tive nemidziyo yehotera pamusoro pedundu, mawere, nzizi, nemadziva, pamwe chete nevashanyi-real estate ventures inogara nenzira yekoloni uye isingaremekedze tsika dzechinyakare nenharaunda, ichigadzira bhizinesi nemasevhisi asingakwanisi kuitwa. zvinopihwa nevagari venzvimbo.

Iyi typology yemabhizinesi anozadza nharaunda yedu uye anokurudzira zvinokonzeresa - kunyangwe zvichifanira kubatsira kusimudzira, kugarisana uye runyararo - chirevo chinotaurirwa zvakanyanya nehuzivi hwekushanya, zvinokatyamadza, zvinobatsira kusimudzira kusawirirana, kusabatanidzwa, uye kuwanda kwemari, kana zvisiri. inotungamirwa nemisimboti yekusimudzira, yakanangana nebasa iri.

Kuti vanhu nepasi vave nemukana wekuzvigadzirisa pachezvavo mumaonero ekusiya gomba dema ratinogara nemazana emakore, uye kunyanya munyika yanhasi, umo 20% chete yevagari vepasi vanogara zvakanaka, nepo 80% kutevera hupenyu hwakaganhurirwa uye vasingabatanidzwe kubva mukufambira mberi kwesainzi, tekinoroji, uye hupfumi uye mabhenefiti ayo huchenjeri hwedu hwevanhu hwakagadzira nekukunda, kushanya zvakare chishandiso chine simba chekuita osmosis yemaropafadzo kubva kune chimwe chikamu chepasi kuenda kune chimwe uye pakati petsika dzakasiyana uye societies. Saka, inofanirwa kutungamirwa nemisimboti yekusimudzira.

Kuve chiitiko chevanhu chinokura mu "nharaunda inofanirwa kushanyirwa," inoda kukoshesa nekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinoumba zvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro zvinokwezva; inoda kunamatira kumunhu anotora chikamu muchiitiko ichi - mushanyi, mugari uye mupi webasa - uye kubatsira kubhadhara kusaenzana.

Kunetseka uku kuri muMitemo yeWorld Tourism Organisation yatove muzvinangwa zvayo uye zvakanyanya muChinyorwa 3:

1. Chinangwa chikuru cheSangano chichava chekusimudzira nekusimudzira kushanya nechinangwa chekubatsira mukukura kweupfumi hwenyika, kunzwisisa kwenyika dzakawanda, rugare, budiriro, nekuremekedza nekucherechedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko rwakakosha, pasina mutsauko wedzinza, zvepabonde, mutauro kana chitendero. Sangano richatora matanho anodiwa kuti rizadzise chinangwa ichi.

2. Mukuzadzisa chinangwa ichi, Sangano richatarisa zvakanyanya zvido zvenyika dzichiri kusimukira munyaya dzezvekushanya.

Tourism ibasa rinounza basa nemari uye rinofarira kudyidzana pakati petsika, budiriro yenzvimbo, kusimudzira hupfumi, uye kugovera zviri nani zviwanikwa zvemari - pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka - uye zvinoda kuenderana nehunhu, hutongi hwemagariro, uye mitemo yekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza.

Kunyangwe izvo zvakanaka zvinomutsa uye zvinogona kuunza, kana zvichitungamirwa neoptics yekuronga zvine hungwaru, kushanya kunogona kubatsirawo kuenderera mberi nekutarisa zviwanikwa pamatunhu epasi, kusabvisa zvakatowanda, kufarira kudzikira kwenharaunda uye tsika dzekuchinja, kana chitarisiko chiripo. haisi systemic uye yekusimudzira uye kubatana kune budiriro.

The itsva UNWTO Munyori Mukuru

Iyo itsva UNWG SG inofanirwa kusarudzwa pakati peavo vane iyi "ecological" yekutarisa pasi nehupenyu (uye kune vese) kune nyika dzisina kufarirwa uye kwete chete kudzivirira izvo zvakafanana zvinotitungamira kune budiriro uye mhirizhonga yepasi. . The UNWTO ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushanda uye angangoita masangano eUN ekubatsira rubatsiro, saka inofanirwa kukwanisa kusarudza pakati pevezera rayo iyo ichaita zvakanyanya kumatunhu ane mukana uye anoda ruzivo nehunyanzvi hwemutungamiri wayo mukuru, uye timu inotungamira iyi yakakosha institution.

Sarudzo yakaitwa nevhoti yeKanzuru yaro kubva muhana (kana kushaikwa kwayo) uye kubva pakuda kwevanobatana nayo, vanozogara mushure mezvo, kwemakore mazhinji neakasarudzwa. Masimba nemafungiro akaiswa patafura nevakwikwidzi, uye chiri kutaurwa pachiitiko ndechekuti uyo ane rutsigiro rwevari nani pamufananidzo - mumamiriro ehupfumi hwenyika - uye neuyo anotsigira. nyika dzakapfuma dzichakunda.

Asi basa rayo harigone kumira muhupfumi, asi kutungamirwa ne ecology pamberi pekuchema kwepasi mugore. UNWTO yasarudza segore rekushanya kwakasimba.

MUFANANIDZO: Anobuda SG Taleb Rifai (kuruboshwe) uye mutsva SG Zurab Pololikashvili (kurudyi)