Nhoroondo yehotera: YMCA yeGreater New York

Unoziva here kuti kune 167-gore rekare sangano riri mu New York City iyo ine muridzi uye inoshanda zvinopfuura 1,200 makamuri ehotera munzvimbo shanu dzakaparadzana mumatare matatu? Zvimwe zvivakwa zvaro zvakavakirwa muzvivakwa zvine mukurumbira uye zvine nzvimbo dzepasirose dzemitambo uye dzekusimba dzinopfuura ese epamhepo makwikwi.

Ndiwo YMCA yeGreater New York iyo inoteedzera midzi yayo kusvika ku1852 uye yakashanduka sesangano rinochinja-chinja richishandira vanhu vevanhukadzi kana varume, mazera ese, madzinza, uye zvitendero. Nhoroondo yaro ndeye yekupindura zvine simba uye zvinogara zvichingoitika kunguva uye shanduko dzinodikanwa dzenharaunda dzayo nenharaunda.

Kubva pamavambo ayo ekutanga eevhangeri echiKristu, iyo YMCA yakakura ikava yesangano repasirese, rinokoshesa hunhu rinotarisa zvakanyanya kuvandudza kwakanaka mudiki guta. Nhoroondo yakashandira varombo vemumadhorobha pamwe neboka repakati nezvirongwa zvinobva kumakosi edzidzo uye emahofisi emabasa kumahoroji uye dzimba dzekugara. Vamwe vanhu vanodudzira "YMCA" zvichireva kuti maYMCA ndee "vechidiki varume vechiKristu." Hachisi chokwadi. Kunyangwe iri zita rayo, iyo YMCA haina kungoitirwa vechidiki chete, kwete zvevarume chete kwete zvevaKristu chete. Makore ese, zvese zvitendero, vese vakomana vanogamuchirwa kuYMCA.

Pari zvino pane zvivakwa zvishanu zveYMCA munzvimbo yeNew York zvinopa pekugara vashanyi vanopfuura. Idzi dzimba dzeYMCA vese varume nevakadzi vashanyi vanofarira kutsvaga yakachengeteka, yakachena, inodhura uye iri pakati nepakati dzimba dzevaenzi, nzvimbo dzekusimbisa uye maresitorendi.

Makamuri evaeni paYMCA ari ega uye mapatya makamuri (mibhedha yemubhedha) ine zvivakwa zvekugezera zvakagovaniswa zviri pasi pemakoridho. Kune huwandu hwakaganhurirwa hwemakamuri eprimamu ane mbiri mibhedha nemakamuri ane yekugezera akazvimirira pamutengo wekuwedzera.

Zvishandiso pane ese maYMCA anosanganisira ekuchengetedza imba mazuva ese, emahara makirasi emakiriniki, kudzidziswa simba rebhasikiti, dare rebhasikiti / jimunasiyamu, sauna, zvirongwa zvevechidiki, mitambo yevechidiki, zvidzidzo zvekushambira, makiyi emikova emagetsi, yekuwachira vaenzi, yekuchengetedza mikwende neresitorendi.

West Side YMCA - 480 Makamuri

YMCA yakakura kwazvo pasi rose yakavhurwa kuruzhinji neMuvhuro, Kurume 31, 1930. Yakagadzirwa naA Architect Dwight James Baum akagadzira dzimba 140 munzvimbo yeRiverdale kubva muna1914 kusvika 1939.

IWest Side Y ine madziva maviri ekushambira: iyo Pompeiian dziva (75 'x 25') ine matete akapenya eItaly. Idziva diki reSpanish (60 'x 20') rakaonekwa nematiles eAndalusia eupfumi cobalt bhuruu akatsemurwa neyero, chipo kubva kuhurumende yeSpain. Iyo Y ine matatu ekurovedza muviri, imwe ine track yekumhanya pamusoro; shanu handball / racquetball / squash matare, mapoka maviri ekurovedza muviri studio, 2,400 sq. ft. yemahara kuremerwa kamuri, nzvimbo yetsiva ine zvese zvinorema uye zvekumhanyisa mabhegi, anotambanudza uye emakamuri eartial arts, studio yekureverera yeyoga uye makirasi ekupindirana. Icho chivakwa zvakare chine chishongo-bhokisi Little Theatre, uko imwe-nguva mugari Tennessee William mutambo we "Zhizha neUtsi" wakapihwa muna 1952.

Chero huwandu hwevanhu vane mukurumbira vakagara kuWest Side Y vachiri kusimbisa mabasa avo; pakati pavo Fred Allen, John Barrrymore, Montgomery Clift, Kirk Douglas, Eddie Duchin, Lee J. Cobb, Douglas Fairbanks, Dave Garroway, Bob Hope, Elia Kazan, Norman Rockwell, Robert Penn Warren naJohnny Weismuller.

Kugadziriswa kwazvino kumakamuri ekugezera kunoratidza kunatsiridza kwekunakidzwa uko kuchaiswa pane zvakasara zveWest Side Y pasi uye pakupedzisira kune imwe New York City YMCA. Idzo dzimba dzekugezera dzakagovaniswa dzakashandurwa kuva dzimba dzekugezera dzega, imwe neimwe iine shawa yekugezesa, chimbuzi, bhesheni rekugezera, mwenje wakanaka, girazi, nzvimbo yemagetsi, zvikorekedzo uye mataira matsva ane mavara kubva pasi kusvika padenga. Idzi dzimba dzekugezera dzakavharika dzinowanikwa chete nevashanyi 'yemagetsi kiyi kiyi kiyi. Idzi dzimba dzekugezera dziri nani pane nyika kirabhu standard.

Vanderbilt YMCA - 367 Makamuri

Iri paManhattan yemafashoni eEast Side, iyo Vanderbilt Y chivakwa chine yakasarudzika dhizaini inoenderana neyevavakidzani vayo, iyo inosanganisira United Nations uye Grand Central Station. Pamusoro pemusuwo weVanderbilt Y aya mazwi anonongedzwa mubwe: "Railroad Branch Young Mens Christian Association". Yakatangwa pasi pehutungamiriri hwaCornelius Vanderbilt II muna 1875 apo maYMCA akange akura zvakanyanya, achipararira kubva kuManhattan neBronx kuenda kuBrooklyn nekuQueens.

Iyo itsva Railroad YMCA yakavhurwa muna 1932 pamutengo we $ 1.5 miriyoni pa224 East 47th Street pakati peChipiri neTatu Nzira. Muna 1972 zita rayo rakashandurwa kukudza Cornelius Vanderbilt. Chivako ichi chine makamuri evaenzi mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nenomwe, imba yekurovedza muviri yakakura zvizere, yechina yemazuvano yemigwagwa yekushambira ine mita-yekudonha bhodhi. Kune dzimba dzekugezera dzevarume nevakadzi; kurema kudzidzisa uye dzimba dzekurovedza muviri; uye masaja, sunlamp uye sauna madhipatimendi.

Iyo yakakura yeVanderbilt, inotonhorera mweya yekudyira inoshumira mangwanani, masikati uye kudya kwemanheru kubva Muvhuro kusvika Chishanu. Iyo nzvimbo inogara vanhu gumi nevaviri uye inoshandira vanopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezvokudya pagore.

Harlem YMCA - Makamuri 226

Iyo 135th Street YMCA inoteedzera midzi yayo kusvika muzhizha ra1900 iro rakaratidzirwa nekusagadzikana kwemarudzi munzvimbo dzichiri dzakachena zvikuru dzeHarlem neManhattan's Tenderloin dunhu pamusoro pekusaenzana kuri kukura kwevatema vagari. Pakutanga "coloured" YMCA yakashanda pa132 W. 53rd Street mumoyo weSan Juan Hill, inzvimbo yekugara yeAfrica American uko makirabhu ane fashoni akasimudzira hupenyu hwehunyanzvi uye akapa dunhu mbiri yayo se "nhema Bohemia". Pakati pa1910 na1930, vanhu vatema vaHarlem vakapeta zvakapetwa vachigadzira iwo makuru chete, enharaunda yeAfrican American murudzi.

Julius Rosenwald, maneja wepamusoro weSears, Roebuck uye Kambani muChicago, akapa madhora mazana matanhatu ezviuru mumabhadharo ekuvakisa maYMCA nemaYMCA evaAfrica maAmerican mumaguta mazhinji eNorth America. Imwe yeiyo yaive 600,000th Street Y iyo yakavhurwa muna 135 pamutengo we $ 1919. Bazi rakakurumidza kuzvimisikidza sembiru yenharaunda munharaunda nehupfumi uye neHarlem Renaissance yakatanga muma375,000s. Achinyora muOutlook, Booker T. Washington akataura kuti zvipo kubva kushamwari yake Julius Rosenwald kuYMCA "zvave kubatsira kurudzi rwangu…. Mune zvavari kuita kugonesa vachena venyika ino kuti mukufamba kwenguva zvikoro zviri isingadhuri kupfuura mapurisa; kuti kune huchenjeri hwakawanda hwekuchengeta munhu kubva mugomba pane kuyedza kumuponesa mushure mekunge awira mukati; kuti zvinotoda chiKristu uye mari yakawanda kugadzirira majaya kuti ararame zvakanaka pane kuvaranga kana vapara mhosva. ” Pakazosvika 1920, yekutanga Harlem Y yakanga isina kukwana, yakawandisa uye yakasakara uye yaidiwa nzvimbo yenzvimbo yevakomana, inotariswa dzimba dzekugara uye nzvimbo dzekupa mazano kwezviuru zvevechidiki vemuAmerica vekuAmerica vanotsvaga basa muNew York City. Yechinguva "Red Caps", vatakuri vePullman nevarume vemotokari yekudyira, avo vaisabvumidzwa kushandisa yakasarudzika Railroad YMCA's, yaidawo pekugara. Muna 1940, Harlem YMCA itsva yakavakwa paWest 1933th Street yakanangana neiyo yaivepo Harlem Y. Pakazosvika 135, Y yepakutanga yakagadziridzwa se "Harlem annex" yekuisa dhipatimendi revakomana vayo. Muna 1938, yakagadziriswa zvakare, ichizarurazve seHarlem YMCA Jackie Robinson Youth Center.

Tsika nemagariro pachayo, Bazi rakagamuchira nekugarisa vanyori vane mukurumbira vakaita saRichard Wright, Claude McKay, Ralph Ellison, Langston Hughes; maartist Jacob Lawrence naAaron Douglas; vatambi Ossie Davis, Ruby Dee, Cicely Tyson naPaul Robeson. Mumakore akapfuura, makamuri makumi maviri nematanhatu eHarlem YMCA aigara achigara nevashanyi vemuAmerican American uye vatambi kuNew York City vaisakwanisa kuwana makamuri mumahotera epakati peguta nekuda kwekusarurwa kwemarudzi.

Kugeza YMCA - Makamuri 127

Vagari vemuFlushing vakaputsa ivhu muna 1924 kune YMCA Bazi kuNorth Boulevard padyo neLa Guardia Airport kushandira vagari veBayside, Douglaston, College Point, Whitestone, Kew Gardens nedzimwe nharaunda dziri pedyo. Chivako chine dzimba dzevaeni makumi manomwe neshanu chakavhurwa muna 79. Kuwedzera kwakazotevera kwakaitika mumakore maviri anotevera nenhandare nyowani, makwikwi emitambo, uye misasa yezhizha. Flushing yakawedzera bapiro nyowani ine dziva reOlympic uye kirabhu yemabhizimusi yemitambo muna 1926 na1967, makamuri 1972 evaeni.

Greenpoint YMCA - Makamuri zana

Sangano reBrooklyn rakasimudza mari yezvivakwa zvitsva kuburikidza ne1903 Jubilee Fund, drive yakaratidza makumi mashanu emakore. Pakati pa50 na1904, Sangano rakapedza zvivakwa zvitatu zvitsva: Dunhu rekuMabvazuva muWilliamsburg; Bedford pakati peGates neMonroe Migwagwa; uye Greenpoint. Rimwe nerimwe remapazi aya raive nedziva rekushambira, nzira yekumhanyisa, gymnasium, makamuri emakirabhu, lounges uye dzimba dzekugara dzevaeni. Muna 1907, iro Greenpoint Bazi rakawedzera pasi maviri emakamuri evaeni. Mumazuva ayo ekutanga, yaizivikanwa seYMCA yevashandi nekuda kwekutarisa kwayo pane zvinodiwa nevashandi mumafekitori mazhinji ari pedyo.

William Sloane Chirangaridzo YMCA-1,600 Makamuri

Yakavhurwa muna 1930 paWest Thirty-Fourth Street uye Ninth Avenue, chivakwa ichi chakavakwa kunyanya kushandira vanopfuura zviuru zvevarume vechidiki vachitsvaga hupfumi hwavo munguva yeKushushikana Kukuru pamwe nezviuru zvemasoja, vafambisi vengarava uye marine panguva uye mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Pakupedzisira, muna 100,000, Sangano rakavhara iyo Sloane House uye vakatengesa chivakwa.

Muna 1979, boka rekuimba, reVanhu Vemumusha, rakahwina mukurumbira wenguva dzese muchimiro che "YMCA", disco smash yekurekodha. Iyo bhendi yakasimudzira rwiyo neyakajairika yekutamba tsika iyo inoratidzira maoko maoko anoratidza iwo mavara ezita racho. Izvi zvakabatwa pamadhisiko kutenderera pasirese uye kubvira ipapo zvave chikamu chepop-tsika ngano. Chero nguva iyo rwiyo parwunotambirwa pasi pekutamba, ibheji rakachengeteka kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoita mutambo wekutamba nemaoko akakodzera eYMCA.

YMCA

“Jaya, hapana chikonzero chekusuwa.

Ndati, jaya, zvisarudzire pasi.

Ndikati, jaya, nekuti uri mutaundi idzva

Hapana chikonzero chekusafara.

Jaya, pane kwaungaenda.

Ndati, jaya, kana wapfupika pahupfu hwako.

Unogona kugara ipapo, uye ndine chokwadi kuti uchawana

Nzira dzakawanda dzekufara.

Zvinonakidza kugara kuYMCA

Zvinonakidza kugara kuYMCA. ”

Munyori, Stanley Turkel, ane masimba anozivikanwa uye mupangamazano muindastiri yehotera. Anoshanda muhotera yake, kugamuchira vaeni uye kuita zvehunyanzvi zvine hunyanzvi mukutarisira kweaseti, kuongororwa kwekushanda uye kushanda kwezvibvumirano zvekutengesa zvehotera uye kupihwa rutsigiro. Vatengi varidzi vemahotera, vatengesi, uye masangano ekukweretesa.

“Vakuru vemaAmerican Mapurani”

Bhuku rangu rechisere renhoroondo nhoroondo rine gumi nevaviri vavaki vakagadzira 94 mahotera kubva 1878 kusvika 1948: Warren & Wetmore, Schultze & Weaver, Julia Morgan, Emery Roth, McKim, Mead & White, Henry J. Hardenbergh, Carrere & Hastings, Mulliken & Moeller, Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter, Trowbridge & Livingston, George B. Post uye Vanakomana.

Mamwe Mabhuku Akaburitswa:

• Vakuru vemuAmerican Hoteliers: Mapiyona eiyo Indasitiri yeHotera (2009)
  • Yakavakwa Kwekupedzisira: Makore 100+ Ekare-Mahotera muNew York (2011)
  • Yakavakwa Kwekupedzisira: 100+ Makore-Akare Mahotera Kumabvazuva kweMississippi (2013)
  • Hotera Mavens: Lucius M. Boomer, George C. Boldt naOscar veWaldorf (2014)
  • Vakuru vemuAmerican Hoteliers Vhoriyamu 2: Mapiyona eiyo Indasitiri yeHotera (2016)
  • Yakavakwa Kwekupedzisira: 100+ Makore-Akare Mahotera Kumadokero kweMississippi (2017)
• Hotera Mavens Vhoriyamu 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

Ese aya mabhuku anogona zvakare kuodhwa kubva kuAuthorHouse, nekushanya www.vashorganism.ru uye nekudzvanya pamusoro webhuku racho.