NEW YORK - Makambani maviri ezvekushanya munzvimbo anotarisira kupa vatengi vanobhadhara mari kukwira kwehupenyu hwavo kwakagadzirirwa kutora matanho akakura kumberi mumwedzi iri kuuya.
Musi waChikunguru 28, iyo suborbital yekushanya femu Virgin Galactic ichafumura yekutanga WhiteKnightTwo humai hwayo hwakarongwa ngarava dzeSpaceShipTwo spaceliners dzakagadzirwa neaerospace veteran Burt Rutan nekambani yake Scaled Composites. Zvichakadaro, iyo Virginia-based kambani Space Adventures iri kugadzirira kuvhura yayo yechitanhatu inobhadhara mutengi parwendo rwe $ 30 mamirioni kuenda kuInternational Space Station muna Gumiguru 12, aine mamwe maviri orbital tarisiro akatomirira mumapapiro.
Chekutanga ndiVirgin Galactic, kambani yakavambwa nemuzvinabhizimusi weBritish Sir Richard Branson nedonzvo rekuvhura vatengi vanosvika vatanhatu vanobhadhara uye vatyairi vaviri pamakwikwi emufaro kuenda kunzvimbo yepasi pemubhadharo wechiuru chemadhora mazana maviri emadhora.
Pakati peiyo Mhandara Galactic inogadziriswazve spaceliner ngarava ndeye SpaceShipTwo, mhepo-yakavhurwa suborbital spacecraft yakatorwa kubva kuRutan's $ 10 miriyoni Ansari X Mubayiro-unokunda SpaceShipOne dhizaini. Mhandara Galactic yakaraira shanu SpaceShipTwos uye maviri emadzimai avo makuru eWhiteKnightTwo, ekutanga ayo akabhabhatidzirwa "Evha" mushure mamai vaBranson uye achavhurwa paScall hangar kuMojave Air uye Space Port kuMojave, Calif.
"Tichange tiri kuburitsa mutakuri uyu kunze kwenguva kwenguva yekutanga musi wa28 Chikunguru, uye munguva pfupi inotevera ichatanga chirongwa chekuyedza," akadaro director weVirgin Galactic, Stephen Attenborough neChitatu panguva ye2008 Space Business Forum yakaitirwa pano nevasiri -mubatsiro Space Foundation. "Ichave ndege hombe yepasi rose inogadzira kabhoni ... inoputsa zvinyorwa zvese."
Iine yakasarudzika mbiri-boom dhizaini, Rutan's WhiteKnightTwo mitambo yemapapiro emapapiro angangoita 140 tsoka (42 metres) ine yega yega yekunze kabhoni yakaiswa anenge 25 tsoka (7.6 metres) kubva kune yayo yepakati moored SpaceShipTwo mubhadharo. Vanenge vanhu makumi maviri nevaviri vakabhadhara mari inosvika madhora makumi matatu nemazana matatu emadhora ekubhadharisa pasi kuti vimbise zvigaro zveSpaceShipTwo kana chitundumusere chikatanga kushanda nendege. Iyo suborbital mota pachayo yakarongerwa kuvhurwa kutanga kwegore rinouya, vatungamiriri veVirgin Galactic vakadaro.
Iyo yekutakura michina yakagadzirirwawo nekwaniso yekutakura maroketi asina kumisikidzwa panzvimbo yemotokari inotakura vashandi, uye rimwe zuva ingangoshandiswa kuburitsa pasi pasi rinotenderera ma satellite kana kunyange nhumbi muchadenga, akadaro Attenborough. Nemahwindo ayo ane 18-inch (46-cm) uye akapamhama 7.5-tsoka (2.2-mita) yakafara kabhini, SpaceShipTwo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kune suborbital sainzi kuyedza mukuwedzera kune zororo nzendo, akawedzera.
"Isu takavaka spacehip yakakura," akadaro Attenborough. "Ichave nenzvimbo yakawanda imomo yemasayendisiti uye nekuedza kwavachaita imomo."
Kuvavarira kutenderera
Gare gare gore rino, Space Adventures inoronga kuvhura mamioneire wekuAmerica Richard Garriott, mwanakomana wemudhara weNASA muenzi Owen Garriott, kuenda kuInternational Space Station pasi pechibvumirano chemamiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora neRussia Federal Space Agency.
Garriott yakagadzirirwa kuvhura Gumiguru 12 muchikepe cheRussia Soyuz nechiteshi chechiteshi cheExppedition 18 mutungamiriri Michael Fincke weNASA uye mainjiniya enhandare Yuri Lonchakov weRussia Federal Space Agency.
Garriott ndiye wechitanhatu nzvimbo yevashanyi kurova kukwira kuenda kuchiteshi neSpace Adventures, iyo yave iri yega femu yekupa mamirioni-madhora nzendo dzekutenderera kubva pakatarwa nendege namuzvinabhizimusi weAmerica Dennis Tito muna 2001. Svondo rapfuura, Space Adventures yakazivisa nechinangwa chekutanga iyo yekutanga-yakavanzika Soyuz ndege kuenda kuchiteshi chechiteshi muna 2011 uye akagamuchira Google mubatsiri-muvambi Sergey Brin kumatanho etariro akavanzika epamhepo.
"Isu tiri kambani inoshamisa izvozvi makore gumi," akadaro Eric Anderson, Space Adventures mutungamiri uye CEO, panguva yemusangano, achiwedzera kuti kune mikana yakawanda ichiri mberi kwekambani yake. "Tiri kuita crux uye tiri kutarisira kumberi kumakore anotevera gumi, saka chero chinhu chinogoneka."
Pamusoro peGarriott, Space Adventures ine zvibvumirano zvevamwe vashanyi vaviri - vechinomwe uye vechisere vega vekupenga - kunyangwe hazvo mazita avo asati aburitswa pachena, Anderson akaudza SPACE.com.
George Nield, mutariri anoshanda weHofisi yeCommerical Spaceflight kuFederal Aviation Administration, akati matanho neVirgin Galactic, Space Adventures nevamwe ingori mavambo enzvimbo yekushambadzira yemuchadenga.
"Nhasi, kubhururuka kwemuchadenga sekuziva kwatakaita kwehafu yezana ramakore kuri pamukova wekuchinja," akadaro Nield panguva yehurukuro. "Tave pamukova wekuona izvo zvatinofunga kuti zvichave musika wakakosha zvikuru pendege dzepasi pegore dzekushanya kwenzvimbo."
Kuedza kwekushambadzira kwekuedza, akawedzera, vari kutora chinzvimbo chakakura muUS spaceflight indasitiri yaive netsika yakachengeterwa vamiriri vehurumende munguva yakapfuura.
"Iyi haisi yababa vako vhezheni yechirongwa chemuchadenga chemuUS," Nield akadaro. "Ramangwana renzvimbo ndere bhizinesi rakazvimirira."
space.com
