Passenger Kuchengetedza: Boeing inoisa kumanikidza kuFAA kuti Boeing 737MAX ibhururuka uye inetseke gare gare

Ndege dziri kushushikana kuwana yavo Boeing 737 MAX ichibhururuka zvakare. Iyo yekudzoreredza maitiro e737 MAX inoda zvakare kudzoreredza chivimbo chevashandi vezvekuchengetedza, vatyairi, uye vanoshanda nendege. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinoda kuti uwanezve chivimbo chevapfuuri neruzhinji. Maitiro kusvika parinhasi akafukidzwa muchivande, uye vafambi vanotsigira Kodzero dzeFlyers vanofanotaura vafambi ichatsika Boeing 737 MAX kana maitiro acho achionekwa kuti anomhanyiswa,  zvakavanzika, zvinopesana, uye zvisina kukwana.

Boeing, uye nemaakaundi ese eruzhinji, iyo FAA, inoita kunge inoshingirira kugadzirisa zviito zvavo kuti vaone kuti vatyairi havadi kuwedzerwa kudzidziswa. Kubva zuva rekutanga kuronga kwe737 MAX, Boeing yakurudzirwa nechishuwo chekudzikisa iyo

(1) zvemitengo yemitemo yekusimbisa iyo MAX semhuri nyowani yendege uye

(2) mari yekudzidzira kuverengera vatyairi vendege vanoziva maficha nyowani uye maitiro ekuita kuzvinofungidzirwa zvisingaite, asi matambudziko anozivikanwa.

Flyers Kodzero iri kuridza zvakare bhero re alarm

Iyo FAA uye DOT haina kuita pachena kujekesa maitiro ekuona kuti uye uye riini kuzungunusa iyo 737 MAX. Kunyangwe kuferefetwa senge kweDOT Inspector General Kuongorora kweiyo FAA's 737 Certification Maitiro inofanirwa kuramba yakazvimirira uye yakavanzika kusvika yapera, kuferefetwa kwakagadzwa neDOT neFAA kwakaramba kwakavanzika uye kwakavharwa kune ekunze maonero. Chiri kunyanya kunetsa ndechekuti iyo FAA yakaratidza kuti haizomirira chero imwe yeongororo kuti ipedzwe isati yakomberedza 737 MAX. Kuongorora uku kunosanganisira kuferefetwa kweDOT IG, iyo Joint Authorities technical Ongororo, iyo DOT's "Blue Ribbon" Panel, iyo FBI yekuferefetwa kwemhosva, uye kuongorora kweCongress.

Nzvimbo imwechete iyo veruzhinji, kusanganisira vakazvimiririra nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza, vanogona kuita kuti maonero avo azivikanwe ndeyekutaura pano pachisarudzo cheFlight Standardization Board chekuenderera mberi kusada kudzidziswa simulator kune vatyairi ve737 MAX. Ndepano apo FlyersRights.org, pachinzvimbo chevatakuri vendege, vanogona kuudza iyo FAA kudzora nzira yayo yekubvumidzazve 737 MAX, kufunga nezvemaonero ehunyanzvi vakazvimirira, uye kugumisa "purofiti pamusoro pekuchengetedza. ”Nzira yakakurudzira Boeing kudzikisira shanduko dzakaitwa ku737 MAX mukuyedza kwayo kutengesa ndege se 737 kuFAA, kune ndege, uye kuruzhinji.

Kuve nekuisa yakakura, inowedzera mafuta enjini pane imwechete fuselage inotangira kuma1960's, ichiri kuyedza kudzora zvekunze uye zviripachena shanduko dzinokwezva kutariswa kweFAA uye zviri pachena kuti inoda kudzidziswa kwekutyaira, kwakatungamira Boeing kupa software gadzirisa: MCAS.

Dambudziko chete neMCAS, zvisinei, raive rekuti raive rakanyorwa-zvisirizvo chidimbu che software1 kuvimba nekanganiso imwechete-inokanganisa kona yekurwisa sensor yekuisa 2, Hupenyu hwavo husina kuziviswa kumhepo kana vatyairi3, iyo yakashanda zvakasiyana pane zvaifungidzirwa naBoeing uye yakaudza iyo FAA, uye izvo zvaisakwanisa kuwedzerwa, mune dzimwe mamiriro ekubhururuka.5, nekutevera zvinyorwa zvekutarisa zvakapihwa neBoing.

Uye apo Boeing inoita kunge ichiri kushanda pane iyo software kugadzirisa, kuverengera kudzikisira maficha anotanga kufungidzirwa sarudzo neFAA akaiswa, uye nekuona kuti iyi redundancy maficha anoshanda sekushambadzirwa, iyo FAA's Flight Standardization Board ichiri kufunga kuti hapana simulator yekudzidzira zvinodiwa. Ichi chikumbiro haina kutsigirwa neAllied Pilots Association, Capt. Sully Sullenberger, dzimwe nyanzvi dzekubhururuka uye software, neruzhinji.

Sekureva kwaCapt. John Cox, aimbove mukuru wezvekuchengetedza weAir Line Pilots Association, MCAS inogadzira mamiriro akafanana neanotiza stabilizer. Asi gadziriso yekugadzirisa dambudziko rakadzikama, "roller coaster" maitiro, yakanga isisabatanidzwe mumabhuku ekudzidzisa imwe nguva mumashure megore ra1982.6. Kutanga ne737 300-XNUMX, "chigadzirwa chakatendeseka zvekuti hauna kuzokundikana."

Iyi "roller coaster" michina inopesana. Dai zvaisanganisira mubhuku remutyairi, vatyairi vangangodaro vagadzirise zvikanganiso zveMCAS

Iyo Allied Pilots Association yakamhan'arira kuti izvo zvinodiwa zvekudzidzisa hazvina kukwana. APA inoti kudzidziswa kwemakomputa kwakawanda "hakuzopa vatyairi mukana wekunzwa kwete chete kugadzikana kubhururuka nendege asiwo kuendesa kuvimba ikoko kuruzhinji runofamba."

Capt. Sully Sullenberger anoti "anobvumirana nemoyo wese pasina kugadzikana" nemhinduro yakapihwa pano.

Yekutanga kubatanidzwa chirevo naGregory Travis, injinjini ye software ane makore anopfuura makumi mana echiitiko uye mutyairi ane makore anopfuura makumi matatu ezviitiko. Gregory Travis anoti MCAS inoda kubviswa zvachose uye iyo 40 MAX airframe inofanirwa kuchinjwa kuti ibvise kusagadzikana kwayo kwenguva refu.

Chechipiri chinongedzo chirevo kubva kuMufambi United Mutungamiri Charles Leocha.

Chechitatu uye chekupedzisira chinongedzo ndiko kwekutanga kutaura kweFlyersRights.org, yakatumirwa muna Kubvumbi 30, 2019.

mhedziso

Nekuda kweinotevera ketani yezvikanganiso, iyo MCAS software inogadzirisa nekukurumidza inogamuchirwa neFAA, pasina chero chinodzidziswa simulator mutyairi zvinodiwa, hazvigamuchirwe kune veruzhinji vanobhururuka.

 Sarudzo yaBoeing yekuisa injini nyowani pane iripo 737 fuselages pachinzvimbo chekutanga nefuremu inogona kutsigira injini

 Kukundikana kwaBoeing kunyatsoongorora nekunzwisisa MCAS nemaitiro ayo ekukundikana

 Kukundikana kwaBoeing kunyevera iyo FAA kune MCAS 'kugona kwe2.5 madhigirii, yakakura kupfuura iyo 0.6 degrees yakambotaurwa

 Kukundikana kwaBoeing kuzivisa vatyairi veMCAS

 Boeing uye FAA danho rekuti isabatanidze MCAS muUnited States uye eEuropean emirayiridzo yekufambisa

 Boeing uye FAA danho rekusada chero redundancy yeiyo angle yeanorwisa maseru

 Sarudzo yeFAA yekumisikidza chiyero chekukundikana kweAOA se "chine ngozi" uye kusamanikidza chinodikanwa kudzoserwa basa, zvisinei neAOA kutadza kwekuona zvakaitika nguva zhinji kupfuura zvinotenderwa pasi pe "chiyero chine njodzi"

 Boeing uye FAA danho rekusada iyo angle yeanorwisa sensor mahairi kuti ashandiswe, zvinoenderana neMMEL.

 Kutadza kwesoftware yaBoeing kuona kuti kuverenga kwaikanganisa nekuti kuchinja kwayo nekukurumidza kwanga kusingaite

 Sarudzo yeFAA yekusada, seyakachengeteka maficha, iyo AOA haibvumirane mwenje uye chiratidzo cheAOA chiratidzo

 Kukundikana kwaBoeing kuona kuti imwe sarudzo, kana ikatengwa zvakasiyana, yaizoshanda kana chimwe chinhu chisina kutengwa nendege.

 Boeing uye FAA kutadza kuitisa bvunzo nendege vachifananidza kuverenga kwakashata kweAOA

 Boeing inokwana nzira dzekukurumidzira, idzo dzakateverwa neveEthiopia Airlines vatyairi

 Kukundikana kwaBoeing kubvumira vatyairi vendege kuti vacheke MCAS vasina kucheka iyo inogadzikana trim.

Kusvikira iyo FAA yazvipira kumirira kusvika pakupera kwekuferefeta usati wafunga kuti uye riini uye kuti riunze 737 MAX, maitiro acho achamhanyiswa. Chero kusunganidzwa panguva ino kuri pamberi. Chero zano risingaraire simulator kudzidziswa kwevatyairi rinojekesa cheni yezviitiko zvakakonzera tsaona mbiri idzi uye zvicharatidza kuenderera mberi kweFAA kweyekutengeserana kugona pamusoro pekuchengetedza. 

FlyersRights.org inokumbira yakawedzerwa nguva yeiyo yeruzhinji nguva yekudzokorora paKudzokorora 17 yeFlight Standardization Board's Report. Pachinzvimbo cheveruzhinji vanofamba, tinokumbira mamwe mazuva manomwe ekuchengetedza nyanzvi, vatyairi, nevamwe kuti vaendese zvavanotaura kuFAA.

Kudzokororwa kweBoeing 737 MAX kuri kufarira vanhu vese uye kunofanirwa kuferefetwa zvizere. Mushure mekupunzika kuviri mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yemumwe nemumwe, zvese zvichiitika mukati memakore maviri ekutanga ebasa reMAX rekushambadzira, veruzhinji vanoda vimbiso dzekuti ndege idzi dzakachengeteka uye kuti FAA neBoeing vari kuita zvese zvavanogona kuti vakoshese kuchengetedzwa kwe737 MAX nedzimwe ndege dzese. Kuti uwane izvi, nguva yakawanda inodikanwa kune nyanzvi dzakazvimirira dzekuchengetedza kuti vauye kumberi kuzogovana hunyanzvi hwavo uye zvinovanetsa.

Paul Hudson pmugari, FlyersRights.org yakati: 

Tichimiririra vafambi vendege, tiri kukumbira nguva yakawanda yekuungana uye kukurudzira nyanzvi dzezvekuchengetedza kuti dzipe zvadzinotaura kuFAA. Nguva yekutaura yakavhurwa chete kwemazuva gumi ebhizinesi. Mukufunga nezve FAA yakamirira sarudzo yekusarudza iyo zvishoma zvakanyanya

shanduko inowanikwa, "Musiyano Chikamu B", yakawedzerwa nguva yekutaura haigadzire rusarura rweFAA kana chero mubatiri. Ipo Boeing ingangoda kuti 737 MAX isimbiswe nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, isu hatione chikonzero cheFAA kuda kuisa njodzi kuchengetedzeka, kana kuita senge inokanganisa kuchengetedzeka, nekumisikidza 737 MAX nekukurumidza uye kuisa pangozi kunyange hupenyu hwakawanda.

Kuparara kweLion Air, iyo Ethiopian Airlines kupunzika, mamwe matambudziko akashumwa ne737 MAX, nhau dzakakurumbira mishumo yezvinetso nefekitori yeBoeing 787 yekuSouth Carolina, uye kuramba kweUS Air Force kubvuma KC-46 mushure mekuwana zvinhu zvekunze zvakakonzera padhuze kurasikirwa kwakazara kwechivimbo mukuvimbika kweiyo FAA uye yeBoeing yekuchengetedza hutongi. Nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza, vatyairi vendege, vanochengeta nendege, uye vafambi vanongosara vachishamisika kuti ndezvipi zvimwe zvinokuvadza zviripo munhandare dzataurwa pamusoro apa pamwe nedzimwe ndege.

Kana chivimbo cheveruzhinji chisina kudzoserwa, vafambi vazhinji havangodziviriri kufamba pa737 MAX, vanogona kudzivirira kudzivirira kubhururuka pane 787 nedzimwe ndege dzeBoeing. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvave kutoitika pasi rese sezvo ndege dzanga dzafunga kudzima maodha e737 MAX.

Kazhinji nguva dzekutaura pasi peMutemo Wekuita Mutemo (APA) dzinopa ingangoita mazuva makumi matatu ekutaura nguva. Iyo APA inoda yakaderera nguva yekutaura kwemazuva makumi matatu kunze kwemitemo yekududzira uye nechikonzero chakanaka chakaratidzwa. Kunze kwekunge paine kuwedzerwa kune mwero kwakapihwa, mushure mekuenzanisa kudiwa kwekukurumidza mushonga kupokana nekudiwa kweyakajeka uye yakavhurika maitiro ekufunga pamushonga iwoyo, pachave nekushomeka kwakakodzera maitiro pano. Ndege dzisina kuchengetedzeka dzinogona kunge dzakakomberedzwa nguva isati yakwana, kuisa panjodzi kune vafambi uye kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu, uye iyo FAA icharasikirwa nekutendeka kweruzhinji. 2

Mhinduro pane FAA's Chikumbiro Kwete Kuraira Simulator Kudzidziswa

FlyersRights.org inokurudzira zvine mutsindo kuti iyo FAA inoda simulator yekudzidzira pane iyo MCAS ficha kune vese vatyairi ve 737 MAX imwe ndege isati yadzokera kumhepo.

Iyo Allied Pilots Association yataura kuti gadziridzo yeFAA haina kuenda kure zvakakwana nekuti haina kusanganisira kudzidziswa kwe simulator. Sangano reAllied Pilots Association rakati chinodiwa chenguva yakawandisa yemakomputa hachingokundikana kudzorera chivimbo chevatyairi vayo chekubhururutsa ndege, asi ichakundikana kudzorera chivimbo cheveruzhinji chekubhururuka nendege. American Airlines yati iri kuongorora dzimwe nzira dzekudzidzisa, asi imwe nendege haifanire kuzviisa unilaterally kuzviisa parumananzombe mune zveupfumi zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe ndege kuti vawane mukana wekuchengetedza uyo unofanirwa kupihwa ndege dzese.

Ruzivo rutsva rwunoramba ruchiuya kujekesa zuva rega rega. Nhasi, Kubvumbi 30, nguva yakatarwa yekutaura kwevanhu, iyo Wall Street Journal yakashuma kuti chiratidzo cheAOA chisingabvumirane hachina kushanda sezvaitarisirwa. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuve yakamira yega asi yaive isingashande kana nendege ikasatengawo chiratidzo cheAOA sarudzo yekuvandudza.

Muridzi wenguva pfupi yadarika akataura kuti iye kana akaona zvisaririra zvinokanganisa wiring yeAOA sensors mu737 MAX. Ipo Boeing achiramba chirevo ichi, New York Times yakataura nezvenyaya yekuparidza muridzo kubva kufekitori yeBoeing 787 yekuSouth Carolina uyo akataura kuti akaona ndege dzakatenderwa nemarara mukati mawo uye akaudzwa nevakuru kuti varege kuteerera kutyorwa uku. Mauto Emuchadenga eUS akamira kugamuchira kutakurwa kwendege yeBoeing KC-46 nekuti marara akawanikwa mukati mendege. Iyi ndiyo tsika yekuzvibata iyo inofanirwa kuongororwa zvizere neFAA nevanoongorora vakazvimiririra iyo FAA isati yaenderera mberi nekumanikidza kwayo kukurumidza kusimbisa 737 MAX.

Iyo FAA inofanirwa kudzora iyi yekupenga, yekumhanyisa yekumhanyisa kubvumidza iyo 737 MAX kudzoka mudenga kudzamara yawana mufananidzo wese kubva kune vakazvimirira chengetedzo nyanzvi, vatyairi, nevamwe.

Iyo ipfupi nguva yaita kuti izere chirevo chisabviri uye chingangove chakadzivirira vamwe kubva pakuzadza kugovana hunyanzvi hwavo, ruzivo, uye ruzivo.

SOURCE: www.neworld.net