Chii chinonzi Port Wine
Ivhu nemazambiringa zvakasanganiswa nehunyanzvi hweOporto vintners mukusanganisa, gadzira waini yehunhu hwakasiyana nekunaka kwakasiyana. Nzvimbo iyi inodzorwa zvakanyanya nemutemo wechiPutukezi.
Red Port
Tawny. Tawny port musanganiswa uye inokura mucask (madhiramu emapuranga), ichichinja ruvara rwayo kuti ibudise musanganiswa wenzungu uye michero inonaka inogadzirwa mumatche madiki. Mazhinji ma tawny ports akaiswa muchikamu seye premium uye anogona kuchembera kwemakore mazhinji zvichikonzera kuravira kwekunzwa.
Pakunobva. Waini tsvuku inoumba hwaro hwezviteshi zvakawanda. Waini tsvuku ine moyo-inodzivirira antioxidant resveratrol. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti cancer, chirwere cheshuga, uye chirwere cheAlzheimer chinogona kudzivirirwa uchishandisa resveratrol's antioxidant uye anti-kuzvimba hunhu uye yakanakira arthritis, kuzvimba kweganda uye inosimudzira immune system. Inokurudzirwawo kune hutano hwemuviri uye hwepfungwa, kurasikirwa nehuremu, kuvandudza kurova kwemoyo, inobatsira mukuderedza kuzvimba kwemudumbu, inogadzirisa cholesterol uye inosimudzira hutano hwepfungwa hwakasimba. Hunhu hwekurapa hwakatamisa vatengi kubva kumweya wakaoma kuenda kune doro rakareruka. Mabhenefiti ehutano anotarisirwa kuwedzera kuwedzera kwehukuru hwemusika sezvo paine kusarudzwa pakati pevadiki waini yeprimiyamu yekushandisa wega uye zvipo zvinowedzera mukukura kwemusika.
Denda reCoronavirus muSpain pamwe neEurope yese yakakonzera kuwedzera kwekunwa kwewaini yePort nekuda kwekuravira kwayo, hutano hwakanaka, uye yakaderera acidity zvichienzaniswa newhisky kana doro. Waini dzePort dzakasiyana uye dzinowanikwa seblackberry uye raspberry, sinamoni, caramel, uye chokoreti.
White Port
White Port inowanzogadzirwa kubva musanganiswa wemazambiringa machena anosanganisira Esgana Cao (Sercial) neMalvasia Fina. Musanganiswa unodzorwa neInstituto dos Vinhos do Douro e do Porto. Nzira yekugadzira yakafanana nePort tsvuku; zvisinei, nguva ye maceration ipfupi. Kuvirisa kwedoro kunosungwa nokuunza mweya wemazambiringa usina kwawakarerekera weinenge 77 muzana yedoro nehuwandu. Muitiro wacho, unozivikanwa sokusimbisa, unoguma newaini yakasimbiswa ine shuga yakawanda nedoro.
Chiteshi chichena chinogona kuratidza ruvara rwegoridhe uye chinoburitsa hwema hwehuchi nenzungu dzine acidity shoma uye kutapira mazinga kubva pakuoma kusvika pakutapira zvakazara. Sweet Ports (lagrima = misodzi) inoviriswa mumatangi (dzimwe nguva huni kupa ruvara uye kuoma).
White Port inofanirwa kupihwa yakanyungudutswa mugirazi jena rewaini kana kusanganiswa nezvikamu zvakaenzana zvechena Port uye tonic kana soda mvura mugirazi recocktail ine lime wedge. Yakakwana kune sangria kana muchero wakaitwa macerated muchena Port usati wasanganiswa nebhodhoro rewaini chena. Isina kuvhurwa, chena Port ichachengeta kwemakore; kana yavhurwa, isa mufiriji kusvika mwedzi mumwe.
Yakagadzirwa
VaRoma vanofungidzirwa kuti vakagadzira waini mukati Putugaro mushure mekuyambuka rwizi Douro (137 BC) kunokunda maCelt mune yainzi Lusitania panguva iyoyo. Kudyara kwakanyanya kweminda yemizambiringa muAlto Douro kunoteverwa nekuedza kwaMambo Denis muzana ramakore re14 kusimudzira zvekurima mudunhu rose. Kugadzira waini kwakakura nekuda kweBritish uye vakapa kodzero dzekutengesa dzakakosha munguva mushure mekunge Spain yaziva rusununguko rwePortugal pasi peChibvumirano cha1668 cheLisbon.
The British akawedzera yayo zvido zvewaini muPortugal mushure mekutanga kubhadharisa mabasa anorema uyezve kurambidzwa kwewaini yeFrance mukupera kwema1600s nekuda kwemitemo yekudzivirira yaLouis XIV. Sezvo maBritish akawedzera mabhizimisi avo, vakatanga kuedza nekuwedzera kuwaini yePortugal. Abbot mune imwe monastery yeLarnego akawedzera brandy kumisa kuvirisa sezvo inoshandura shuga kuita doro. Nekusunga maitiro aya, Port inochengeta kutapira ukuwo brandy ichisimbisa doro.
Chibvumirano cheMethuen (1703) chakawedzera kutengeswa kwewaini yePutukezi neBritish kuburikidza nekuderedza basa rewaini iyi zvichienzaniswa neyakaongororwa pawaini yeFrench. Drinking Port yakava chikonzero chekuda nyika kuti maBritish adzorere maFrench.
Dr. Samuel Johnson, "Claret idoro revakomana: chiteshi chevarume ..." ( Upenyu hwaSamuel Johnson, 1791, Vol III), uye mudetembi Jonathan Swift (zana remakore rechi18) anozivikanwa nekutsvaga, "Kushora noushingi champagne pa. dare. Uye sarudza kudya kumba nechiteshi. " Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18, maBritish akanga achiunza kunze zvakapetwa katatu Port kupfuura zvavari kuita nhasi, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwevanhu veku UK hwawedzera.
Terroir
Nzvimbo yeAlto Douro kuchamhembe kwePortugal ine mamiriro ekunze, ivhu, uye mamiriro ekunze anodiwa nemazambiringa kugadzira waini yePort. Kunyanyisa kwemamiriro ekunze, kubva muzhizha rinopisa kusvika kuchando, zvakasanganiswa nevhu rine matombo zvinogadzira kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya mumazambiringa zvichipa chimiro chakasiyana uye chisingakanganwike chePort. Yakarara pasi pevhu rakapfava, rine phosphate-rich stony (schist) panovezwa maturu, ibwe rakasimba rinoputika. Mvura painonaya nharaunda yacho, maturu matete ane madhigirii 70 akavakwa padivi pemupata uyu anobatsira kudzivirira waini kuti isakukurwa. Mvura inonyura nepakati pe schist kuti iunganidze pamusoro pedombo regomo rinoputika risina porous, richigadzira dziva remvura iro mizambiringa nemidzi inokweva mukati mekuoma kwechirimo. Makomo akapoteredzwa eMaro neAlvao e Montemuro anodzivirira minda yemizambiringa kubva kumhepo ine simba inobva kuAtlantic Ocean.
Ndiani Anonwa Port?
Avhareji mutengi ane makore 50-55. Kunyangwe iwe ukagara pabhawa yako yemuno (muUSA) kwemazuva / mavhiki pakupera, haugone kuona vanhu vazhinji vachinwa chiteshi sezvo vatengi vazhinji vari muEurope uye vanozivikanwa muUK.
Muna 2020, musika wepasi rose wewaini wepasi rose waikosheswa pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri emamiriyoni emadhora uye unotarisirwa kusvika pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri nematanhatu pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu, uchiwedzera paCAGR ye942.02 muzana kubva muna 1371.26 kusvika 2030. chikamu ichi chinotarisirwa kuchengetedza hutongi hwayo kusvika 4.26.
Iyo Port Wine Institute Inoronga Kugadzirwa
Nyika dzinotungamirwa nemitemo yeEuropean Union dzinoona kuti mazambiringa echiPutukezi chete anobva mudunhu reDouro ane kodzero yekunzi PORT senzira yekuchengetedza kukosha kwechinyakare uye kwehupfumi kwechigadzirwa nedunhu. Kazhinji, inoshandiswa se digestif, mushure mekudya kuperekedza madhiritsi echizi nenzungu uye / kana chokoreti kunyangwe tawny uye chena Port inoshandirwawo seaperitif, vasati vadya.
Kudzora kunaka kwePort, iyo Port Wine Institute inoronga kugadzirwa:
1. Waini inofanira kugadzirwa kubva kumazambiringa anorimwa mudunhu reDouro (nzvimbo yekare kwazvo pasi rose yakaganhurwa yewaini (1756) sekutsanangurwa kwegwaro rehumambo apo Marquis do Pombal payaive mutungamiriri wehurumende. .
2. Mazambiringa anofanira kubva pane rondedzero ye15 tsvuku uye 14 marudzi machena uye anokurudzirwa, anotenderwa, kana kubvumidzwa kwechinguva uye anosanganisira: Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Donzelinho, uye Gouveio (chena). Tinta Baroca, Tinta Roriz, Tinto Cao, Touriga Francesa naTouriga Nacional (mutsvuku). Mhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa: Mouriscos, Tintas, Tourigam kune tsvuku; Malvasia Fina yemuchena.
3. Inofanirwa kunge iine doro rehuwandu hwe19-27 muzana yehuwandu, kunze kweiyo yakaoma, chiedza chichena mhando dzinogona kuva nehuwandu hwe16.5 muzana. Kuti izvi zviitike, kuwedzera kwebrandy kunoiswa pachiyero chinenge 1/5 chevhoriyamu ye must, kana anenge 115 malita ebrandy kusvika 435 litres of must.
4. Zviteshi zvitsvuku zvakarongwa se: vintage, ruby (tsvuku), tawny, medium tawny, uye light tawny.
5. Machena anonzi: machena akacheneruka, mashanga-ruvara ruchena, kana chena yegoridhe
6. Kutapira: kutapira kwakanyanya, kutapira, hafu yakaoma, yakaoma, yakawedzera yakaoma
7. Chiteshi chinogona kusiyaniswa nemunda chaiwo wemizambiringa (quinta) wakaugadzira
Yakakurumbira Port Wines
1. Kopke.
Mhuri yeKopke yakabva kuHamburg, Germany ichisvika kuLisbon, Portugal muna 1638. Christiano Kopke akatanga basa rake semutengesi uye mutengesi wezvigadzirwa zvePortugal muPorto. Pakazivikanwa waini (aka Portwine), Imba yeKopke (iyo yekare kambani yekutengesa kunze kwePortwine) yakava mumwe wevatungamiriri muindasitiri iyi.
Muna June 2006, Kopke akava chikamu cheSogevinus Group. Gonzalo Pedrosa naPania Oliveira ndivo vane basa rekugadzira uye kutengeswa kwewaini yeDouro DOC (kusanganisira Kopke, Casa Burmester, nezvimwewo) - quality Port wines nekusimbisa paoak-age Colheita Ports. Mutungamiriri mumusika wechiPutukezi wePort waini, iyo Sogevinus Boka ine basa rekugadzira 8.25 miriyoni mabhodhoro, aine 7.05 miriyoni mabhodhoro ePort waini chete. Boka rinotumira kunze makumi matanhatu muzana ehuwandu hwaro hwekugadzira waini kunyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu. Misika mikuru inosanganisira Netherlands, France, US, UK, neDenmark. Nzvimbo dzavo dzinosanganisira 60g mahekita emunda wemizambiringa nemiti yemichero mudunhu reDouro.
• Colheita White 2003 (mabhodhoro muna 2021)
Notes.
Iyo ine makore makumi matatu ekuzvarwa Port chena yaive yakura kwemakore makumi matatu mumakasiki emuouki ane ruzivo. Amber hue kuziso; kutapira kwakareruka kumhino nekamwe kehuchi nehoneysuckle, cherries musyrup, uye molasses. Pamuromo wakaomeswa muchero wekupisa, marzipan, orange marmalade, orange zest, spice (pepper uye ginger). Kupera kweiyi inotapira (30 muzana abv) inonaka nyaya? Pfungwa dzemazambiringa akaomeswa, maonde, marzipan, nemaamanda.
Shumira chilled se aperitif uye wakabatanidzwa ne foie gras. Yakanakisa yakabatanidzwa nehowa risotto. Sekuda kwekudyiwa, timu ine spicy apple inodonha kana crispy crepe.
• Kopke Colheita Port 2002
Masanganiswa echinyakare maDouro marudzi matsvuku uye akakurira pa schist-sandstone ivhu pa600 metres ekukwirira, Colheitas inogadzirwa kubva mugoho rimwe chete uye yakachembera mumioki mbiya kwenguva dzakasiyana-siyana asi isingasviki makore manomwe. Yakaiswa bhodhoro kubva mucask sezvinorayirwa nemusika.
Notes.
Brown ane mavara matsvuku kuziso; mhuno inowana macheri, huni, michero yakaomeswa, tofi, masvuura ecitrus, maonde, maprunes, nesinamoni. Chibereko medley chinovaraidza mukanwa chinotungamira kutarisiro kune zvishoma zvinotapira kupera izvo zvinoratidzwa neakakosha acidity uye minerality.
Pfungwa Yekupedzisira
"Chii chiri nani pane kugara pakupera kwezuva uye kunwa Port neshamwari, kana kutsiva shamwari?
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori
