Makambani emotokari dzinohaya uye nzira dzekutengesa dzinonyengera

Mune ino svondo mutemo mutemo wekufamba, tinoongorora akati wandei emota dzekurenda dzinosanganisira dzinonyengera uye dzisina kunaka maitiro ekutengesa ayo vatengi vanofanirwa kuziva. Sarudzo ichangoburwa yedare redzimhosva redare redzimhosva redzimhosva redzimhosva kukwidza nyaya dzegumi neimwe muVenerus v. Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC, nhamba 11-16 (Ndira 16993, 25) inondiyeuchidza zvakare, mushure memakore makumi mana ekunyora pamusoro pemutemo wekufamba uyo wakanyanya, kure, vanotyora kodzero dzevatengi muindastiri yekufambisa mamwe makambani emota dzekurenda eUS.

Munyaya yeVenerus, inosanganisira kirasi yevanotenga inishuwarenzi yemotokari kunze kwenyika vachipomera, pakati pezvimwe, kutyora chibvumirano nekutyora Florida Deceptive uye Unfair Trade Practices Act, 11 Circuit yakadzora kuramba kweDare reRuwa kudziviswa kwekirasi uye ikati "Nyaya iyi zvinomuka kunze kwe… Avis / Budget (') bhizinesi maitiro ekutengesa Supplemental Liability Insurance kana Yekuwedzera Liability Inishuwarenzi (SLI / ALI) kune vanobhadharisa vatengi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika dziri kunze kweUnited States. Heather Venerus anoti… iyo Avis / Budget yakavimbisa kufukidza SLI / ALI sehurongwa hwakapihwa kuburikidza neAce American Insurance Company (ACE) inishuwarenzi inobvumidzwa kupa maficha akadaro muFlorida. Venerus anoti kunyangwe hazvo chibvumirano cheAvis / Budget chinosungirwa kuzviita, kana mutemo weACE kana chero imwe inishuwarenzi yeSLI / ALI yakambotengwa, kana kupihwa kune vekunze varidzi vakatenga kufukidza kwekuzvisarudzira. Panzvimbo iyoyo, Avis / Budget, isiri kambani yeinishuwarenzi, inonzi inishuwarenzi kune vekunze vanoroja pachavo nezvibvumirano zvechikwereti zvaive zvisina mutemo kana mazwi akanyorwa. Kushaiwa simba rekutengesa inishuwarenzi yakadai muFlorida, Avis / Budget inonzi yakasiya vanorenda vasina inishuwarenzi yepamutemo yavakavimbiswa uye yavakatenga ". Pamusoro pezvo, Dare rakati "Avis / Budget haipokane nekuti haina kuwana SLA / ALI inishuwarenzi marongero kubva kuACE"

Asina kuziviswa E-Tolls: Iyo Mendez Nyaya

Mune Mendez v. Avis Budget Group, Inc., Civil Action Nha. 11-6537 (JLL) (DNJ Mbudzi 17, 2017), chiitiko chekirasi pachinzvimbo chevatengi vevashandi vemota dzekurenda vane mota dzekurenda "dzaive dzakashongedzerwa kushandisa, nzira yemagetsi kubhadhara ma toll anozivikanwa se 'e-Toll' ”, Dare rakazivisa kirasi yenyika yese uye rakati" Mumhan'ari anoti pamberi, panguva uye mushure mekurenda kwake… haana kuudzwa kuti mota: 1) kuve neE-Toll mudziyo; uye 2) akanyatso kunyoreswa uye akamutsiridzwa e-Toll (uyezve) kuti haana kuziviswa kuti (mota yake yekuroja) yaive nee-Toll mudziyo, kuti achazosungirwa kubhadhara mari inopfuura iyo chaiyo mutero mutero wakapinda ”. Munguva yerwendo rwemumhan'ari kuFlorida aive, asingazive kwaari, akabhadhariswa nemotokari yake yekurendesa e-Toll mudziyo $ 15.75 iyo yaisanganisira iyo $ .75 toll uye "mukana wekubatsira" we $ 15.00 "kunyangwe akaudzwa… paakadzorera mota iyo anga asina mhosva yekuwedzera ”. Onawo: Olivas v. Iyo Hertz Corporation, Nyaya Nha. 17-cv-01083-BAS-NLS (SD Cal. Kurume 18, 2018) (vatengi vanopokana nemitero yehutongi inobhadhariswa maererano nekushandiswa kwemigwagwa inobhadharisa .

Kusaruramisira Kwemari Shanduko: Iyo Margulis Nyaya

Mumargulis v. Iyo Hertz Corporation, Civil Action Nha. 14-1209 (JMV) (DNJ Kukadzi 28, 2017), danho rekirasi vakamirira vatengi vanobhadhara mota kunze kwenyika, Dare mukugadzirisa gakava rekuwana rakacherekedza kuti "Mumhan'ari… akatanga chiitiko chekirasi ichi ... achiti Hertz ari kuita chirongwa chakachinjika-shanduka chemari, chakanzi 'dynamic currency conversion' (DCC) kubiridzira vatengi vayo vanobhadhara mota kunze kwenyika. Mupomeri anoti Hertz anotora mutengo wevatengi wemaroja emota pasina kusanganisira chero mari yekushandurwa kwemari, anobhadharisa mari yacho kiredhiti kiredhiti uye obva anoreva nhema kuti mutengi akasarudza shanduko yemari uye kuwedzeredza kwakawanda. Mumiririri anoti ndiye akabatwa nemaitiro aHertz eDCC zvine chekuita nemaroja emota (muUnited Kingdom neItari) uye anoti kutyora chibvumirano, kupfumisa zvisina kukodzera, kubiridzira nekutyora mutemo weNew Jersey Consumer Fraud Act.

Asingazivikanwe Anowanzoitika Flyer Mari: Iyo Schwartz Nyaya

Muna Schwartz v. Avis Rent A Car System, LLC, Civil Action Nos. 11-4052 (JLL), 12-7300 (JLL) (DNJ Chikumi 21, 2016) yakapa mvumo yekupedzisira yenzvimbo yakatarwa [sarudzo yemari kana gumi muzana dhisikaundi pane remangwana rekurenda mota] yekirasi chiito chakatobvumidzwa kare [Schwartz v. Avis Rent A Car System, LLC, Civil Action No. 10-11 (JLL) (DNJ Nyamavhuvhu 4052, 28)] pachinzvimbo chekirasi yeAvis vatengi [vachipomera kutyora chibvumirano, kutyora chibvumirano chekutenda kwakanaka uye kuita zvine mutsindo uye kutyora mutemo weNew Jersey Consumer Fraud Act] vakabhadhariswa mari inokwana madhora 2014 yekuwana mamaira anowanda-nguva nemimwe mibairo nekutora chikamu muAvis's Travel Partner Chirongwa. Mukupa chitupa chekirasi Dare rakaona kuti "Mumhan'ari anoti Vanopomhodza vakapinda mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzehunhu husiri pamutemo: kusiira nemaune uye tsika dzekutengesa dzisingafungidzike ... (nekusiya) vachiziva kuti Avis yaibhadharisa $ 0.75 pazuva yekutora chikamu muChirongwa chayo. 'nekumwe kutadza kuisa [chokwadi ichi] munzvimbo inomhan'arwa nevamwe vanonzwisisa vanokarira kuvaona uye pachinzvimbo (kusvika pakaziviswa chero kupi zvako) kuviga chokwadi ichi munzvimbo dzisina kujeka nechinangwa chekuti Mumhan'ari kana vamwe vanoroja vanonzwisisa kuti, 'Zvekushambadzira zvisirizvo zvinofungidzirwa… zvakavakirwa pakusiya uku ".

Mari zvisiri pamutemo Uye Mari: Arizona AG

MuHurumende yeArizona v. Dennis N. Saban, Nyaya Kwete: CV2014-005556 (Arizona Super. Kukadzi 14, 2018) J. Contes akapa mutongo wemamiriyoni mazana mapfumbamwe emadhora mushure memuedzo wevhiki shanu uchiona kuti Phoenix Mota Kubhadhara uye Saban Rent-A- Mota yakatyora Mutemo weArizona weKubiridzira wevatengi (ARS 1.85-44 et seq) nekumisikidza zvisiri pamutemo mari uye mubhadharo kune vangangoita 1522 vatengi kusanganisira "$ 48,000 yePKG, $ 3.00 yebasa nekuchenesa, $ 11.99 ye s / c", inofanirwa mitero, mitero ye vatyairi vari pasi pezera rakatarwa, mhosva dzekubhadhara nemari kana makadhi ekubhadharisa, mhosva dzekushaikwa kweuchapupu hweinishuwarenzi inoshanda, mhosva dzevamwe vatyairi, kubhadharisa kwekunze kwenyika, kubhadharisa marezinesi ekutyaira epasi rese, mhosva dzekudonha mushure meawa off uye kubhadharisa shuttle, tekisi uye zvimwe zvekufambisa.

Asi Hazvisi Zvese

Kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura kana zvakadaro vatengi vemotokari vanobhadharira vakapomhodza maitiro ehunyengeri uye asina kurongeka ebhizinesi nemamwe makambani emota anoroja anosanganisira:

(1) zvakawandisa mhosva dzekurovera kukuvara waivers (CDW) [Weinberg v. Iyo Hertz Corp., supra ($ 1,000 6.00 inobviswa painishuwarenzi iyo mutengi aigona kutsauka nekubhadhara madhora 2,190 pazuva reCDW iro rakapamhamha pamusoro pegore raisvika kumadhora 1,000 pamadhora chiuru anokosheswa inishuwarenzi yekukuvadza inonzi isinganzwisisike); Truta v. Avis Rent A Mota System, Inc., 193 Cal. App. 3d 802 (Cal. App. 1989) ($ 6.00 pazuva CDW inobhadharisa kuti pagore, mitengo yakabhadharwa yaive inopfuura zvakapetwa kaviri ye "inishuwarenzi" yakapihwa uye yainzi yaive yepamusoro zvisina musoro)] uye ichitadza kuburitsa pachena kuti CDW inogona kutevedzera inishuwarenzi yemuridzi [Super Glue Corp. v. Avis Rent A Car System, Inc., 132 AD 2d 604 (2d Dept. 1987)].

(2) kuwedzerazve kupa peturu yekutsiva mushure mekudzosa mota yekurenda [Roman v. Budget Rent-A-Car System, Inc., 2007 WL 604795 (DNJ 2007) ($ 5.99 pagoroni); Oden v. Vanguard Car Rental USA, Inc., 2008 WL 901325 (ED Tex. 2008) ($ 4.95 pagoroni)].

(3) mari yakawandisa yeinishuwarenzi yenjodzi yemunhu (PAI) [Weinberg v. Iyo Hertz Corp., supra (kupomedzerwa kuti zuva nezuva kubhadharisa madhora 2.25 ePAI kwainzi kwakanyanyisa uye kusingafungidzike sezvo chiyero chezuva nezuva chakayenzana chiyero chegore rose che $ 821.24)].

(4) mari yakawandisa yekudzosa mota kunonoka [Boyle v. U-Haul International, Inc., 2004 WL 2979755 (Pa. Com. Pl Pl 2004) ("Pane maitiro akajairika uye tsika yekuchaja imwe" nguva yekurenda 'kunyangwe paine kutadza kuzere kwechibvumirano kutsanangura nguva yekurenda, chirevo chakajeka mukushambadzira kwakakura kuti mota inogona kubhadharwa pamutengo wezuva rese uye kutadza kwechibvumirano gwaro rekumisikidza chero chiyero che' kufukidza 'nekuda kwekutadza kudzosera zvishandiso panguva yakatarwa ”)].

(5) zvibvumirano zvekunamatira [Votto v. American Car Rentals, Inc., 2003 WL 1477029 (Conn. Super. 2003) (kambani inoroja mota haigone kudzikisira kukuvara kwemotokari nerevhi parutivi rwechibvumirano; 'Chibvumirano mune iyi kesi muenzaniso wekare wechibvumirano chekunamatira (icho 'chinobatanidza [s] zvibvumirano zvakatemwa zvakatemerwa bato richinakidzwa nekukweretesa kwakasimba simba-zvinopihwa izvo zvisingatarisirwi uye kazhinji zvisingaverengeki kudzikisira zvisungo uye mutoro webato riri kunyora chibvumirano' "].

(6) kumisikidzwa kwemashercharges asina kukodzera [Cotchett v. Avis-A-Car System, 56 FRD 549 (SDNY 1972) (vatengi vanopokana nehunhu hwemutero wedhora rimwe wakatemerwa mota dzese dzekubhadhara kuvhara kutyora kwekupaka makambani emota dzekurenda kubatwa nemhosva pasi pemutemo weguta uchangobva kugadzwa)].

(7) kuwedzeredza pamutengo wekugadzirisa chaizvo mota dzakakanganiswa [People v. Dollar Rent-A-Car Systems, Inc. 211 Cal. App. 3d 119 (Cal. App. 1989) (lessor akabhadharisa mitengo yekutengesa yemitengo yakawanda yekugadzirisa mota dzakakanganiswa nekushandisa ma invoice emanyepo)].

(8) kutengeswa zvisiri pamutemo kweinishuwarenzi [People v. Dollar, supra (kambani yemotokari yekurenda inoitirwa bhizinesi renhema uye rinotsausa; madhora zviuru zana emadhora akaongororwa); Truta, supra (CDW haisi inishuwarenzi)].

(9) chirango chisingafungidzike uye zvivakwa [Hertz Corp. v. Dynatron, 427 A. 2d 872 (Conn. 1980).

(10) isingazivikanwe disclaimer yechivimbiso chemhosva [Hertz v. Transportation Corp., 59 Misc. 2d 226 (NY Civ. 1969)].

(11) kusazivikanwa kwekunze kwenyika kudonhedza mhosva [Garcia v. L&R Realty, Inc., 347 NJ Super. 481 (2002) (mutengi haafanirwe kubhadhara madhora mazana matanhatu emitero yakamisikidzwa mushure mekunge mota yekurenda yadzokera kunzvimbo yenzvimbo, mari yemagweta nemitengo yakapihwa)].

(12) kumisikidzwa kwemanyepo emitero [Commerce Union Ins. Co v. Auto Europe, 2002 US Dist LEXIS 3319 (ND Ill. 2002) (vatengi vakapomera kuti vakamanikidzwa kubhadhara 'mutero' wekutengesa 'kana' kukosha kwakawedzerwa mutero '… apo pasina mutero wakadaro wainyatso kukodzera uye ( kambani inobhadhara mota) yakachengeta 'mutero')].

(13) isiriyo CDW yekuvhara kunze [Danvers Motor Company, Inc. v. Looney, 78 Misa. App. Ct. 1123 (2011) (kusabvumidzwa kusamanikidzwa)].

(14) kutadza kuburitsa mhosva dzinodzivirirwa [Schnall v. Hertz Corp., 78 Cal. App. 4th 114 (Cal. App. 2000) ("Mvumo yemitero inodzivirirwa pamasevhisi asingasarudzike haigone kubvumidzwa kutsausa vatengi nezve mhosva dzakadai")].

(15) kutadza kuburitsa rezinesi uye mubhadharo wezvivakwa [Rosenberg v. Avis Rent A Car Systems, Inc., 2007 WL 2213642 (ED Pa. 2007) (vatengi vanoti Avis 'aiita maitiro uye tsika yekunyengera vatengi nekuchaja $ .54 pazuva rezinesi remotokari uye $ 3.95 pazuva mari yemutengi inobhadharisa 'pasina kuzivisa mhosva dzacho ”)].

(16) zvisina kukodzera maratidziro [Ressler v. Enterprise Rent-A-Mota Kambani. 2007 WL 2071655 WD Pa. 2007) (inonzi kubata zvisirizvo kwechibvumirano pasi pechirongwa chePAI)].

Hotwire Kwete Zvakanyanya Hot

Zviripachena mune mazhinji eaya anofungidzirwa kuti anonyengera maitiro ebhizinesi zvirevo zvekumiririra zvisizvo zvezvinhu zvinoitika Semuenzaniso, mune imwe nyaya ya2013, Shabar v. Hotwire, Inc. uye Expedia, Inc., 2013 WL 3877785 (ND Cal. 2013), mutengesi wemotokari yekurenda akataura kuti "akashandisa webhusaiti yeHotwire kubhadharisa mota kubva kunorenda mota. agency paBen Gurion airport kuTel Aviv, Israel. Shabar anoti chibvumirano chake neHotwire chakatemwa pakati pemamwe mazwi, zuva nezuva rendi ($ 14), nguva yekurendesa (mazuva mashanu), rondedzero yemitero inofungidzirwa uye mubhadharo ($ 5) uye fungidziro yerwendo huwandu hwese ($ 0), Shabar anoti paakasimudza mota, iyo yekurendesa yaida kuti abhadhare iyo $ 70 inofungidzirwa mutengo Hotwire yainge yataura, pamwe nemari yekuwedzera $ 70.00 yeinishuwarenzi yechitatu-bato mutoro inishuwarenzi uye $ 60.00 mumitero. Pakazara Shabar anoti "akabhadhara $ 20.82, pane kuti $ 150.91 inofungidzirwa neHotwire". Mukuramba kuramba chichemo chaShabar Dare rakapa mutongo wekuti 'Shabar anokwana kutaura kuti chirevo cheHotwire chine chekuita nemutengo unofungidzirwa chaive chekunyepa kana kutsausa munhu anonzwisisa. Kutanga, fungidziro iyi yaive yenhema nekuti Hotwire nemaune yakasiya zvakakura uye zvinosungirwa mari dzekuwedzera dzinowanikwa zviri nyore uye idzo dzaiziva kuti Shabar aifanira kubhadhara kubhadhara mota. Chechipiri, mutengo wakatorwa pamitero inofungidzirwa uye mubhadharo waive wenhema nekuti Hotwire aiziva kuti mari idzi dzaisazove $ 70.00 ″.

Hukama Hukama

Muenzaniso unonakidza wekudyidzana kunofungidzirwa pakati pevamwe hurumende dzenyika pamwe neindasitiri yemotokari dzinoroja kukuvadza vatengi vemotokari dzinoburitswa zvakataurwa muCalifornia nyaya yaShames v. Hertz Corporation, 2012 WL 5392159 (SD Cal. 2012) nemifananidzi yayo yeNevada. Sobel v. Iyo Hertz Corporation, 291 FRD 525 (D. Nev. 2013) uye Lee v. Enterprise Leasing Company, 2012 WL 3996848 (D. Nev. 2012).

Iyo California Nyaya

Sezvakataurwa muna Shames, supra “Muna 2006, indasitiri yekurendesa motokari (RCD) yakaratidza shanduko kumutemo weCalifornia uyo wakazogadzwa… Mukutsinhana nemari iyi yakawedzerwa (kubhadhara kuCalifornia Travel and Tourism Commission (Commission)) iyo RCD yaive inobvumidzwa 'kusunungura' fizi inobhadharirwa vatengi kushambadzira mari yemari yakadaro zvakasiyana nedanho rekurendesa. Sezvineiwo, shanduko dzakagamuchirwa dzakatendera makambani kuti 'apfuure pane zvimwe kana zvese zveongororo kune vatengi'. Vanomhan'ara vanoti izvi zvakatungamira mukumisikidzwa kwemitero miviri kune vatengi vemotokari dzekuzorora… chikamu che2.5% chekuongorora kwekushanyirwa chakawedzerwa pamutengo wekurenda mota izvo zvakazobatsira kubhadhara Komisheni. Vanomhan'ara vanoti Commission yakazobatana neRCDs vachigadzirisa mitengo yemaroja nekupfuudza 2.5% yekuongorora kwekushanya kune vatengi. Chechipiri, maRCD 'akasunungura' mari yatovepo yemvumo yendege yakapihwa vatengi kubhadhara airport kuti vawane kodzero yekuita bhizinesi munzvimbo yendege… 9% yemutengo wekurenda… vanorenda (vanoti ivo) vakabhadhara mutengo wakakwira we rendi yemotokari kuCalifornia nhandare kupfuura zvavaizogona kudaro ”.

Iyo Nevada Mhosva

Panguva iyo California Shames kirasi yekuita yakagadziriswa iyo Nevada kirasi chiito [Sobel v. Hertz Corporation, supra] inosanganisira kupfuudza kwe "nhandare yemvumo yekudzosera mari" yakaenda kunotongwa, pakati pedzimwe nyaya, kana izvi zvakapfuura nemaitiro zvakatyora Nev. Rev. Stat. (NRS) Chikamu 482.31575 uye Nevada Inonyengera Yekutengesa Maitiro Mutemo (NDTPA) ine "Pamusoro pe $ 42… mamirioni ari panjodzi '. Mukusimbisa kirasi uye nekuona kutyorwa kwepamutemo Dare rakati "Indasitiri yekuhaya mota yemakore makumi masere akapera muhondo yemutengo wakakomba, hondo umo '[dzimba dzekurenda motokari] dzave dzichiteya misungo yekuwedzera mhosva varidzi vasingafungire uye vakashandisa zvakasiyana siyana kushambadzira midhiya kuzviita '”. Dare rakapa mubairo wekudzoreredza uye kufungidzira kufarira padanho repamutemo.

mhedziso  

Iyo US inoroja mota indasitiri ine yakashata mafungiro nezve kwayo basa kune vatengi. Kana masevhisi ayo achigona kudzivirirwa kana kutsiviwa, vatengi vanorairwa kuti vadaro. Edza Uber kana Lyft inotevera nguva.

Munyori, Thomas A. Dickerson, akashaya musi waChikunguru 26, 2018 aine makore makumi manomwe nemana. Kuburikidza nenyasha dzemhuri yake, eTurboNews ari kubvumidzwa kugovana zvinyorwa zvake zvatinazvo pafaira izvo zvaakatitumira kuti tizoburitsa vhiki nevhiki.

Iye Hon. Dickerson akarega basa seMubatanidzwa Weruramisiro weAppellate Division, Wechipiri Dhipatimendi reNew York State Dare Repamusorosoro uye akanyora nezveMutemo weKufamba kwemakore makumi mana nemaviri kusanganisira mabhuku ake emitemo anovandudzwa pagore, Mutemo Wekufamba, Law Journal Press (42), Litigating International Torts mu US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Kirasi Zviito: Mutemo we2018 States, Law Journal Press (50), uye anopfuura mazana mashanu ezvinyorwa zvemutemo mazhinji acho ari iripo pano. Zvekuwedzera zvemutemo wekufambisa nhau uye zviitiko, kunyanya munyika dzenhengo dzeEU, tinya pano.

Verenga zvakawanda zve Zvinyorwa zveJustice Dickerson pano.

Ichi chinyorwa hachigone kuburitswa pasina mvumo.