Rekodhi-yakakwira mitengo yemafuta iri kutyisidzira pasi mamirioni evashanyi avo vajaira kujaira kubhururuka kuti vafare uye bhizinesi mukati memakore makumi matatu apfuura.
Kufamba nendege muUSA kwakura pamwero zvakapetwa kashanu nekukurumidza kupfuura huwandu hwevanhu kubva 1978, apo kudzora kwakatanga kubvumidza ndege kukwikwidza nekumisikidza yavo mitengo nemigwagwa pasina mvumo yehurumende. Gore rakapera, vafambi vanosvika mamiriyoni mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe vakakwira ndege dzendege dzeUS.
Asi nemitengo yemafuta ejeti yanhasi zvisati zvamboitika, vatungamiriri venhandare uye vaongorori vezvekufamba nendege vari kuyambira kuti kungokwira chete kwekuwedzera kwemitero uye kuderedzwa kunoshamisa kwendege kunogonesa iyo indasitiri kubhadhara bhajeti yemafuta ejet ya2008 yemapoka emapurisa emakambani anozove 44% yakakwira kupfuura yegore rapfuura. .
Nenguva ino gore rinouya, panogona kunge paine zvigaro makumi maviri kubva muzana zvigaro zviripo kana vatakuri vakapindura mitengo yemafuta pamusoro pe $ 20 dhiramu nekucheka ndege dzakawanda sevanoongorora securities vakaita saJPMorgan's Jamie Baker vari kuratidza.
Izvo zvingave zvakafanana nekuvhara mutakuri saizi yeAmerican Airlines, (AMR) yakakura kwazvo pasirese, iyo, iine vatakuri vematunhu, inoshandisa 4,000 nendege zuva nezuva. Izvo zvoga zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kudiwa uye mitengo yematikiti endiza.
Pangave paine mashoma mazuva ese nendege mumaguta eese saizi, ndege dzakazara mukati mezuva rese uye zvakanyanya kunetsekana. Panenge paine mashoma asiri amire nendege uye kureba kureba pakati pokubatanidza nendege. Uye vafambi vagara vachidzivirira ndege pa6 am kana 10 pm vanogona kunge vasina imwe sarudzo.
Idzo mhando dzekushandurwa kwemaAmerican 'maitiro ekufamba zvinogona kuve zvisingadzivirirwe: Kushamisika kusinganzwisisike mumitengo yemafuta kuri kufambiswa nekuwedzera kudiwa mune hupfumi huri kukura nekukurumidza hweChina neIndia, kusagadzikana muVietnam, Nigeria, Iraq neIran, vakapfuma nemafuta. uye zvimwe zvinhu.
"Haugone kurerutsa spike mumitengo yemafuta uye nemashandisirwo ari kuitwa indasitiri," anodaro CEO weDelta Air Lines (DAL) Richard Anderson, uyo anofungidzira kuti mitengo yetikiti inofanirwa kukwidza 15% kusvika 20% kungo tarisira mari yemafuta. .
Vatengi vatova kuwana zvishoma zveramangwana rinodhura.
Iyo webhusaiti Travelocity inoshuma kuti mari ino mwaka uno wezhizha kusvika kune masere nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa - kusanganisira Boston, New York, Chicago, South Florida, Denver neLos Angeles - dzakakwira neinenge 18% kubvira zhizha rapfuura.
Mhuri yevana yaizobhadhara Delta Air Lines madhora mazana maviri nemazana mashanu ekubhururuka kubva kuCincinnati kuenda kuLos Angeles ino mwaka wezhizha kana vakatenga matikiti izvozvi. Kana mitengo yetikiti ikakwira imwe 2,500%, sekuratidzira kwaAnderson, mhuri iyoyo yaizobhadhara madhora zviuru zvitatu.
"Vamwe vafambi vezororo vanozotengwa kunze" kwendege, anodaro Tom Parsons, CEO wewebhusaiti yekufambisa BestFares.com.
Kune mhuri zhinji, zororo nendege dzave mukati memari yavo yekuwana mari inogona kuve yakasarudzika isingakwanise, VaParsons nevamwe nyanzvi dzekufamba vanoti.
Kune vezvemabhizimusi nemabhizimusi madiki, kuwedzera kwemutengo wekufamba kunogona kuvarambidza kuita nhare dzekutengesa kure kuti vakure bhizinesi ravo.
Misika midiki yakatyisidzirwa
Maguta madiki uye epakati nepakati ave kushandirwa zvakanyanya kana zvachose ne50-chigaro matunhu ejeti anogona kupedzisira aenda nendege shoma zuva rega rega, nekuti pamitengo yemafuta yanhasi, kunyangwe akatakura zvizere jeti diki hadziunze mari inokwana kurondedzera huwandu hwendege .
Maguta madiki ane ndege shoma pazuva anogona kuve nenguva yakaoma yekuzvisimudzira senzvimbo dzakanaka dzemisangano, mafekitori matsva kana mahofisi emakambani.
"Nharaunda hadzizorasikirwi nesevhisi zvachose, asi dzicharasikirwa nemasevhisi emhepo, nekuti zvichadhura," chipangamazano wezvekufamba nendege Michael Boyd anodaro.
Iko kukonzeresa kwemitero yakakwira uye mitengo yemitero yemhepo inogona kukanganisa chikamu chega chehupfumi chinoenderana nebasa remhepo.
Resorts, mahotera, cruise mitsara uye nzvimbo dzemisangano dzinogona kutambura. Tourism, kunyanya mumatunhu akaita seFlorida, Nevada neHawaii zvinoenderana nazvo zvakanyanya, zvinogona kutora rova, kukuvadza hupfumi hwenyika uye kumanikidza kucheka mumabasa ehurumende.
Mitengo yepamusoro yejeti yemafuta yakabatsira kusimudzira chibvumirano chekubatana kwaApril 14 pakati pendege dzeDelta neNorth West (NWA), vane muchato waizoburitsa mutakuri mukuru wepasirese.
Delta neNorth West zvakavimbisa kusavhara chero ewavo manomwe mahabhu enhandare kana vehurumende vanogamuchira chibvumirano chavo, asi vese vatove kurova nendege dzisingabatsiri. Zvimwe zvakabatanidzwa zvinogoneka - United neUS Airways vari muhurukuro - mune chiitiko chinogona kudzikisa makwikwi pakati pevatakuri.
"Mafambiro ekufambisa achachinja," inofanotaura Northwest CEO CEO Doug Steenland.
Vafambi vangangotanga kuona shanduko huru kudonha sezvo ndege huru dzendege dzichideredza sevhisi zvine hukasha nekudonhedza migwagwa, ichitsiva ndege diki uye ichideredza huwandu hwendege dzezuva nezuva munzira.
Chinangwa cheairlines: Pushira pavhareji yemutengo wakabhadharwa pachigaro chimwe nechimwe chasara kuti ugadzire yakanyanya mari pagaroni remafuta rakatsva.
Delta, iyo yechitatu-huru inotakura yeU.SA, ichabvisa anosvika makumi maviri akazara majeti uye anosvika makumi manomwe madiki ejeti edunhu gore rino. Iri kudhonza kunze kwemaguta akati wandei, kusanganisira: Atlantic City; Islip, Long Island; Tupelo, Miss .; uye Corpus Christi, Texas.
Mwedzi uno, JetBlue (JBLU) ichamisa basa pakati peNew York neTucson.
Ndege dzazvino nzira - imwe pazuva zuva neimwe nzira - kazhinji 70% yakazara. Zvisinei, pamitengo yezvino nemitengo yemafuta, nendege dzinofanirwa kuve 85% izere kuti JetBlue idimbure kunyange pavari, maererano nedatha yendege.
Chicago-based United Airlines, (UAUA) yenyika yechipiri-huru ndege, icharega zvishoma makumi matatu emajeti ayo ekare, asina-mafuta-anoshanda gore rino.
United yakarasikirwa nemadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga yegore rino, kurasikirwa kwayo kukuru kubva payakabuda mukugadziriswa kwemabhanga muna 537.
American, Continental (CAL) uye Northwest vari kuronga zvidimbu zvidiki. Nekudaro, vamwe vatungamiriri vemaindasitiri uye vaongorori vanoti hapana checheki dzakaziviswa dzinoenda zvakadzama zvakakwana. Vamwe vanofanotaura nezvakawanda kutemwa kuri kuuya.
"Ndinokuvimbisai kuti kana mitengo yemafuta ikaramba iri padanho rimwe chete… muchaona kuderedzwa kwakawanda muhukuru," akadaro CEO weAirTran (AAI) Bob Fornaro svondo rapfuura.
Dzimwe mari dzekuwedzera dzinotarisirwa
Ndege dzakasimudza fares kakapetwa kagumi kubvira pakati paZvita, uye akati wandei ari kuratidza kuwedzera kwechigumi nerimwe svondo rino. Mamwe kusvetuka mumatengo etikiti anotarisirwa zvakanyanya kutevera.
VaParsons vanoti vafambi munzira dzinoreba-refu dzemakiromita anodarika chiuru nemazana mashanu vatobhadhara kusvika kumadhora mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu yetikiti rekudzoka nekudzoka kupfuura zvavakaita mwedzi mina yapfuura. Iko kuwedzera kune dzimwe nzira kwakatonyanya kukwirira.
Nyanzvi Richard Leck, muvambi weBruin Consulting muBedford, NH, inobhururuka ingangoita vhiki yega yega kubva kuBoston kana Manchester, NH, kuburikidza neChicago kuenda kuSan Francisco, uko mutengi wake ari.
Kubva kudonha kwekupedzisira, nendege yake yakasvetuka kubva pamadhora mazana masere erwendo kuenda nekumadhora chiuru nemazana mashanu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti United yakamisa sevhisi kubva kuChicago kuenda kuOakland, iyo yaive yakachipa kubhururuka kuenda kuSan Francisco International. United zvakare yakachinjira kumajets madiki kuManchester; zvigaro zvinotengesa nekukurumidza.
Vhiki rapfuura, tikiti rake rekumira kubva kuBoston kuenda kuSan Francisco rakabhadhara madhora mazana maviri nemazana mana ekudzoka, pamwe nekuti akachinja tikiti rake rekutanga, achiwedzera mari.
"Ndakakatyamadzwa," anodaro. "Munhu wese ane paanogumira, vese vanhu uye makambani vatengi."
Ongororo yeUSA TODAY / Gallup muna Kubvumbi yakawana kuti 45% yevafambi vemhepo vangangotadza kubhururuka zhizha rino kana mari dzakakwira.
Inotungamirwa nekukwira kwemitero, mari yevatakuri veUS yakakwira nezve 10% mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga yegore rino, kusvetuka kwakanaka mune zvakajairika nguva. Asi zvese zvakakura zvinotakura zveUS kunze kweSouthwest Airlines (LUV) zvakatumira kurasikirwa mukota. Mutengo wemafuta wakakwira makumi mashanu muzana kana kudarika.
Vamwe vatakuri havana mari yemubhadharo yekumira kudzvinyirira kwemutengo. Mitengo yemafuta yakamanikidza vanomwe vatakuri veUS kuti vavhare kubva paKisimusi. Frontier Airlines yakamanikidzwa kutsvaga Chitsauko 11 bankruptcy court kuchengetedzwa musi waApril 11.
Kunyangwe Maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero, ayo akashuma makore gumi nemanomwe emabhizimusi asina kumiswa ekota, akarasikirwa nemari pakubhururuka kota yekupedzisira.
Yakataura nezve $ 34 miriyoni purofiti chete nekuda kweyakaomesesa chirongwa chekufuta-mafuta. Kuburikidza nekutengesa zvine hukasha muzvibvumirano zvemangwana remafuta, Maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero akakwanisa kugogodza $ 302 mamirioni kubva pane icho chaizobhadhara dai chatenga mafuta ayo ese pamitengo yazvino yemusika.
Vatakuri vevatakuri vanobvuma kuti havagone kutamba mutambo uyo uzere nenjodzi zvachose.
Mushure mekubata tambo pakurwisa kuwedzera kwemari mukati memwedzi mitatu yekutanga yegore rino, Maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero akasimudza faresi kaviri mukati memavhiki maviri ekutanga aApril.
"Chokwadi chiripo ndechekuti hapana ndege yendege yeUS ine bhizinesi rakasimba kana $ 117-a-barrel mitengo yemafuta ikatsungirira," anodaro Dave Emerson, mukuru weBain & Co inoona nezvekunzeya ndege.
Zvirongwa zvekuwedzera zvakadzorwa
Maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero, ayo anga achikura zvine hukasha kunhandare dzeAmerica kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, haazokure muhafu yepiri yegore rino.
Uyewo Orlando-based discounter AirTran, iyo yakanga ichikura pamadhora maviri egore kubva muna 2002.
Kuomerera pane zvingangoita bhizinesi haisi sarudzo yendege inoita nyore. Chinhu chimwe chete kutengesa boka renendege. Kuburitsa kunze kweguta kunoreva zvakare kuvhara matikiti mateki uye magedhi, uye kudzinga kana kufambisa vashandi.
"Paunenge waita sarudzo idzi kubvisa izvo zvinhu, haugone nyore kana kukurumidza kudzosa," anodaro Emerson.
Aya ndiwo masarudzo akaomarara anoitwa nendege gore rino, vachiri nemabhiriyoni emadhora nemari paruoko.
Pakazosvika 2009, kana mutengo wejet mafuta ukasadzikira uye nendege dzisingakwanise kukwidza mitengo zvakakwana, kunyangwe vatakuri vane maakaundi makuru emabhangi vanogona kutanga kushomeka nemari vowana zvakaoma kukwereta.
"Kuchave nekumwe kukundikana kwendege munzvimbo ino, uye zvinogona kumiswa," anodaro Delta Chief Financial Officer Edward Bastian.
JPMorgan's Baker inofanidza kukanganisa kwemari kwekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta ejeti kune ndege dzezvehupfumi dzakatambura mushure meSeptember 11, 2001, kurwiswa kwemagandanga.
Mamirioni evatakuri, nekutya, vanorega kubhururuka, vachitumira iyo indasitiri mukudonha kwemahara kwemari. Hurumende yakasimbisa nhandare nendege, uye vafambi vakapedzisira vadzoka.
Asi nhasi dambudziko remutengo wemafuta rinotyisidzira kuva dambudziko rinogara kwenguva refu uye rakaoma.
Iko hakuna kwakareruka kugadzirisa kune zvisati zvamboitika kusvetuka mumitengo, kukwira 60% muna Kubvumbi muna Kubvumbi 2007.
Vaongorori veindasitiri yemafuta vanoti zvinogona kutora makore zvigadzirwa zvemafuta zvitsva zvisati zvabatwa, zvigadziridzo zvitsva zvakavakwa kana dzimwe nzira dzemafuta epetroleum dzakagadzirwa uye dzakagadzirwa muhuwandu hwakaringana kupa mafuta ndege, dzinotangisa nendege makumi matatu pazuva. Iyo yakafara-muviri jeti inomedza 30,000 marita kana kupfuura pane yega kuzadza-kumusoro.
Texas billionaire oiri T. Boone Pickens, uyo akafunga kuti gore rapera kumhanyisa mumitengo yemafuta kuchapera, akadzosera nzira. BP Capital Management, Pickens 'energy-oriented hedge fund, iri kuisa mari zvichibva pakutenda kwayo kuti mitengo ichakwira kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe neshanu, wozopfuura madhora zana nemakumi mashanu.
Vhiki rino, mukuru weOPEC, gurukota rezvemafuta muAlgeria, VaChakib Khelil, akaudza vatori venhau kuti mafuta angangoita akananga kumadhora mazana maviri pabharani uye hapana chinoitwa nekambani kuti amise.
Vakati mamwe masimba kunze kweiyo huwandu hwemafuta asina kucherwa anodhonzwa kunze kwevhu ari kukwidza mitengo.
Mitengo yemafuta yakavharwa pamadhora 113.46 dhiramu neChitatu mushure mekusvikira pazasi peUS $ 120 Muvhuro.
Kunyangwe dai vaizodonhedza zvisingaite 30%, avhareji mitengo yaizoramba iri munhoroondo kumusoro. Uye pane mukana mushoma wekuti vangangowira zvakanyanya, nekuda kwekusingaperi kudiwa kubva kuChina, India uye nedzimwe hupfumi hunokurumidza kukura.
Kwemakumi emakore, "Kufamba nendege kwave kuri chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika kune vatengi veUS," anodaro Tom Horton, mukuru wezvemari kuAmerican Airlines.
"Iye zvino tava munyika umo nendege dzichafanirwa kuratidza mutengo wechigadzirwa."
usatoday.com
