Mystical bazi reIslam - Dzokororazve Sufi nhaka

Muchivanze chine rectangular kunze kweTijani zawiya, nzvimbo yeSufi muFez, hafu yemapoka evarume vanogara vakatenderedza matireyi ealuminium akazadzwa nechingwa chakatsetseka, michero, mukaka uye muto wakakora wemiriwo weharira, vakamirira kuita munamato weMaghreb vasati vatyora. fast.

Pakati pavo ndiAbdul Hameed al Warhi ane makore makumi maviri nematatu, anoshanda mufekitari yeshangu zuva nezuva asi anoshandisa nguva yake yakawanda yekuzorora pano, achinamata uye nekuita tsika dzisinganzwisisike nevamwe vake vechiSufi, vane dzinza reIslam, rakanyanya kuMorocco. kuderera kwepakati pezana remakore rechi23, iko zvino kuri kunakidzwa nechimwe chinhu chokutangazve.

Kutevera munamato uye iftar, Mr al Warhi, vakapfeka t-shirt yebrown uye nhema tracksuit bottoms, vanopinda muzawiya, inoita kunge mosque yeMoroccan ine madziro ane mavara ane mavara nemahwindo egirazi.

Pakati pekamuri, mbariro dzemhangura dzakakora uye makoramu mapfupi emarble anovhara paguva raSidi Ahmed al Tijani, uyo akatanga chirongwa cheTijani Sufi muzana remakore rechi19.

"[Sufism] kuchena kwechinangwa uye kujeka kwemoyo," akadaro Mr al Warhi, akagara pakapeti tsvuku yePezhiya padyo neguva, iro rinoremekedzwa nevateveri vehurongwa uhu, vazhinji vacho vanobva kure kure seSenegal. , Mali, Gambia neMauritania.

Mr al Warhi mumwe wevakawanda vekuMoroccan, kunyanya pakati pevechidiki, vari kuwanazve nhaka yavo yeSufi, budiriro yakasimudzirwa naMohammed VI, mambo weMoroccan.

Bazi risinganzwisisike reIslam, nehuchenjeri hwaro hwerunyararo rwemukati, kugarisana uye kubatana naMwari, rinoonekwa nevakawanda muMorocco seyakakodzera kupikisa kududzirwa kwakasimba kweIslam seSalafism, iyo yakawana nzvimbo mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, se. pamwe chete nokupindura zvinodikanwa zvomudzimu zvenyika yacho.

“Vanhu vazhinji vanoda kutevedzera chiIslam vanotevedzera dzidziso dzinoita kuti vapedzisire varambwa nevamwe,” vakadaro Vaal Warhi. "Asi Sufism inzira ine runyararo uye inoregerera inoda nhaurirano uye rudo rwevamwe."

Mirairo yeSufi inonyanya kusiyaniswa nehurongwa hwavo hwedhikr, inova yakanyarara - kureva, yemukati - kana kuimba kwemazwi kunoenderana nekudzokororwa kweminamato kana mazita nehunhu hwaMwari, iyo nhamba 99, maererano netsika yechiIslam.

Chaizvoizvo, vaSufi, semapazi asinganzwisisike ezvimwe zvitendero, vanoedza kuwana humwe hwemweya naMwari, uye dhikr, vanoti, ndiyo mota inovabatsira kuita izvozvo.

"Pandinoita dhikr, ndinonzwa kunyaradzwa uye kugadzikana," akadaro Mr al Warhi. "Kunzwa kwemweya kwandisingakwanise kutsanangura kwauri."

Pakati peSufi zawiya yeBoutchichi order muMadagh, musha mudiki kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweMorocco, ingangoita 15km kumadokero kweAlgeria, vanamati vechidiki vanogara mudenderedzwa mushure mekuita munamato we al Ishaa, yekupedzisira kwezuva. Vanotanga kuimba nhetembo pamusoro perudo rwehumwari, pasina kushandisa zviridzwa.

Inzwi rakadzikama uye rinobatanidza: "Haa vanofara sei avo vakakunda Mwari uye vakaona munyika chimwe chinhu kunze Kwake," akadaro mumwe mutsetse.

Kuimba kwacho zvakunoenderera mberi kunowedzera ruzha uye majaya anosimuka zvishoma nezvishoma vamwe vavo vachirovera maoko avo kumisana yevavanonamata navo, vachisvetuka-svetuka nemufaro. Nechokunoperera vhesi imwe neimwe, inzwi rine simba rinonzwika muchivanze chezawiya, sirin’i yacho yakagadzirwa nemarata-marata. Inzwi, rine ruzha uye rinopinda mukati asi risinganyatsozivikanwa, rakati "ah"; mabhii ekupedzisira ezwi rokuti Allah.

VaSufi vanoti mumamiriro ezvinhu aya emufaro nyika inonyungudika; uye vanhu vanoita nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinongoerekana dzaitika, kusanganisira kusvetuka, kutenderera uye kugomera kwakadzika.

Kuna Hassan Boumata, 17, anobva kuTiznit, taundi riri kumaodzanyemba kweSous-Massa-Draa, imhaka yekunakidzwa uku achagara ari Sufi.

“Vanhu vazhinji vari kutsvaga mufaro asi mufaro chaiwo nekugadzikana zviri mudhikr,” akadaro Hassan, uyo achiri kusekondari.

Kana testamende yaidiwa kumutsiridza Sufism muMorocco, yakaonekwa gore rapfuura apo vanamati ve100,000 vakaburuka paBoutchichi zawiya yekupemberera Moulid, kana zuva rekuzvarwa kweMuporofita Mohammed.

Sufism chave chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinotsanangura zveMoroccan tsika kwemazana emakore. Sufi zawiyas uye nzvimbo dzekunamatira dzeSufi masters dzinoonekwa kwese kwese munyika. Mugwenga, mapani makuru okurima nemipata yakaorera, nzvimbo tsvene dza“vanhu vaMwari” dzinodada nenzvimbo.

Asi mukati mehafu yekupedzisira yezana ramakore rechi20, Sufism yakadzikira muhuwandu uye pesvedzero nekuda, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, nekubuda kweakawanda anokwikwidzana epanyika uye echitendero tambo dzepfungwa, kusanganisira yeMorocco yekutanga Islamist bato muna 1969, yakapesvedzerwa neEgypt Muslim Brotherhood.

Asi zvichitevera mabhomba eCasablanca muna 2003 na2007, akaitwa nemapoka eJihadist akafemerwa nekududzira chaiko kweSalafi Islam, hutongi hweMoroccan hwakavhara zvikoro zvakawanda zveQuranic zvaitendwa kuti inzvimbo dzekuparidza kweSalafist uye kusundidzira kumutsiridza kufarira veruzhinji muSufism.

Muna Chikunguru, mambo weMoroccan akanyorera kugungano repasi rose reSufi muMarrakech achiti vaSufi "vanokurudzira kushandira pamwe nekuita pamwe chete kutsigira vamwe vanhu, kuvaratidza rudo, ushamwari uye tsitsi".

Alaouite Dynasty, iyo yakatonga Morocco kubva 1666, inotora Sufism setsika huru yekutenda kweIslam kwenyika.

Zvinotendwa kuti izwi rekuti Sufi rakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechisere apo raishandiswa kune vanyanyisi vaipfeka zvipfeko zvemakushe zvisina kugadzikana kuti vawane chirango chemweya. Sufi chiArabic chemvere dzemakwai.

Pakutanga, nhamba yemirairo, kana Tariqa, yakatangwa nevamwe vaSufi vakabatanidza cheni yevadzidzisi kuMuporofita Mohammed. Vashoma chete veavo vakawana mazinga epamusoro eruzivo rweSufi vaive nemirairo yakagadzwa mushure mavo.

Haasi munhu wese muMorocco anokoshesa kuvandudzwa kwazvino kweSufism.

Kudzoka kuFez, Salah Iddin al Sharqi, 16, akati haaone zawiya se "imba yaMwari". Achifamba mumigwagwa yakazara, yakamanikana yeguta rezana ramakore regumi nemaviri, mune t-shirt tsvuku, khaki shorts uye flip-flops, Salah akati mamwe maitiro eSufi aisaenderana neIslam.

“Ndinotenda muna Mwari nemutumwa wavo, asi zawiya haisi nzvimbo yekunamatira. Kune mumwe munhu akavigwa muzawiya uye ini handitendi mukunamatira munzvimbo inovigwa munhu, "akadaro, achitaura nezvemakuva ari muSufi zawiyas zhinji.

Vamwe vanoratidzira ruvengo chairwo kuSufism, vachiti inofanira kurambidzwa maererano negamuchidzanwa rechiporofita.

Vakamira kunze kwemusikiti weBarrima muguta rekare reMarrakech - iro riri mhiri kwemugwagwa kubva kuSufi zawiya diki - mushure meminamato yeAl Ishaa, varume vechidiki vatatu, vane ndebvu vakati mamwe maitiro eSufi aingoita "kumhura".

“Kutsvaka chikomborero [chevakafa] kumhura Mwari kwakajeka,” akadaro mumwe wevarume vacho.

VaSalafi vakagara vachitsoropodza kuvapo kwemakuva mune mamwe maSufi zawiyas pamwe neruremekedzo rwemaSufi kune masheikh avo.

Kunyange vamwe vaSufi havana chokwadi nezvinoitwa nevavanonamata navo. Idris al Faez, imam weTijani zawiya muFez uyo anotarisana neshanduro inochengetedza yeSufism, akati anogona kunzwisisa kumwe kushoropodzwa kwakanangana neSufis.

"Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvekusaziva pakati pevamwe veSufis sekusanganiswa kwevarume vaviri uye kushandiswa kwemimhanzi," akadaro, akagara pamadziro eTijani zawiya muFez.

Zvakadaro, vatsigiri veSufism vanopokana kuti kwaive kusavapo kwerudzi rwavo rweIslam, pamwe nekupararira kwematanho esatellite anotsigira maonero anopokana neSufi, izvo zvakabvumira shanduro dzekunyanyisa dzeIslam, dzakadai seSalafism, kukura.

"Kusavapo kwebasa reSufism ... kwakakonzera kubuda kwemarudzi ose emhirizhonga," akadaro Fouzi Skali, nyanzvi yeMoroccan Sufi. “Hatigone kufungidzira budiriro ine rudzi urwu rwemaitiro ekuuraya vasina mhosva. Isu takagadzira pfungwa inopesana nehunhu hwekutanga hwechiIslam budiriro.

"Kana pasina shanduko yehutsika iyo nzanga inotongwa nayo, tichave tichienda kune mamwe matambudziko uye kupatsanurwa mukati mevanhu," akadaro Mr Skali, uyo anotarisira gore negore Fez Mutambo weSufi Tsika.

Pasinei nekukwira nekudzika Sufism yakambosangana nayo munguva yakapfuura uye inogona kuitika zvakare mune ramangwana, varapi vanoti yakadzika mutsika yeMoroccan uye ichagara iripo.

"Sufism ndiyo musimboti weIslam," akadaro Sidi Jamal, tenzi wechiSufi uye mwanakomana washeikh weBoutchichi odha muMadagh, achirova ndiro yesopo. "Muporofita, shamwari dzake nevateveri vekutanga vese vaive maSufi."