Boka rezvakatipoteredza rakaburitsa kadhi raro neChitatu pamusoro pemafambisirwo ari kuita makambani engarava anofamba mumvura yeAmerica kuderedza kusvibiswa, uye hapana akagamuchira giredhi re "A".

Shamwari dzePasi dzakagadzira mitsara gumi mikuru yengarava, kusanganisira mamwe mazita makuru mubhizinesi, akadai seCarnival Cruise Lines. Carnival yakagamuchira "D-minus."

Chirevo chakaburitsa giredhi repamusoro - "B" -kuHolland America Line. Norwegian Cruise Lines naPrincess Cruises vakanwisawo zvine mutsindo, mumwe nemumwe achiwana "B-minus."

Magiredhi akaderera — “Fs” - akaenda kuDisney Cruise Line neRoyal Caribbean International. Celebrity Cruises neSilversea Cruises vakanwisawo zvisina kunaka.

Cunard Cruise Line uye Regent Seven Seas Cruises vakagamuchira avhareji mamaki.

"Kazhinji, vafambi vezvikepe vanokwezvwa kuenda kuzororo nemifananidzo yemvura yakachena uye zvipikirwa zvenzvimbo isina kusvibiswa uye mhuka dzesango dzakawanda, asi vafambi ava havamboudzwe kuti zororo ravo rinogona kusiya chiratidzo chakasviba panzvimbo dzavanoshanyira," akadaro Marcie Keever. akatungamira "Cruise Ship Environmental Report Card."

Cruise Lines International Association, boka rinomiririra mitsara makumi maviri nemana yekufamba nechikepe, rakashora mushumo uyu, vachiudaidza kuti unopokana, wakakanganisa uye vachiregeredza "nyaya yekuti nzira dzedu dzekufamba nechikepe dzinotevedzera uye kazhinji dzinodarika mitemo yese yezvakatipoteredza."

"Zvinosuwisa kuti shamwari dzePasi dzakanyora manyepo akadai apo indasitiri iyi yakafambira mberi zvikuru mumakore akati wandei apfuura mukusimudzira tekinoroji nekugadzira zvirongwa zvinoenda kure mukuchengetedza nharaunda," sangano iri rakadaro mukutaura.

Shamwari dzePasi dzakaisa mitsara yekufamba pazvikamu zvitatu: kurapwa kwetsvina, kuderedzwa kwemhepo yekusvibiswa uye kutevedza kwemhando yemvura mumvura yeAlaska. Yakaburitsawo giredhi rakapfava rekupasa/kufoira kuti mutsara wega wega uwanikwe kune ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza.

Boka iri rakati Florida, iyo ine mimwe yemitemo yakaomesesa inodzivirira kusvibiswa kwengarava, inewo matatu epamusoro ekusimuka kwengarava: Miami, Port Canaveral neFort Lauderdale.

Alaska neCalifornia dzakatora danho rakasimba munyika kurwisa kusvibiswa kwengarava, boka racho rakati.

Keever akati mamwe emigwagwa yekufamba anga achishanda kuti zvikepe zvaro zvisanyanya kusvibisa, kunyanya munzvimbo yekuchenesa tsvina. Holland America, Norwegian, Cunard uye Celebrity vakagamuchira mamakisi epamusoro ekugadziriswa kwetsvina mukati mengarava dzavo.

Carnival neDisney vakagamuchira "Fs" yekuchenesa tsvina.

Disney, ine ngarava mbiri uye mbiri dziri kuvakwa, inogona kuita zvirinani pakurapwa kwetsvina gore rinouya nekuti yakavimbisa kuvandudza pazvikepe zvayo zvese, Keever akadaro. Iyo kambani yakazivisa svondo rapfuura kuti kekutanga yaizotanga kupa nzendo muAlaska kutanga muna 2010.

Keever akati tekinoroji iripo kuti makambani engarava asangane nemitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza yeAlaska - chirevo chakapokana nemutungamiri weAlaska Cruise Association, John Binkley. Akataura kuti mitsara yekufamba nechikepe ingafara kutora tekinoroji nyowani inokwanisika kusangana nemiyero yeAlaska yakaoma kana iripo, asi hapana chakavimbika.

Binkley haana kuwanikwa kuti ataure neChitatu.

Muna 2008, gumi nembiri pazvikepe makumi maviri zvakabvumidzwa kubuda mumvura yeAlaska zvakagamuchira kutyorwa, kunyanya kune ammonia nesimbi inorema, Keever akadaro. Idi rekuti zvikepe zvisere hazvina kutyorwa zvinoratidza kuti zvinogona kuitwa, akadaro.

Mitsetse gumi yerwendo yakagamuchira mamakisi akaderera ekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Zvinomwe pagumi mitsara yerwendo yakagamuchira "Fs." Princess chete ndiye akawana giredhi repamusoro.

Princess akashandisa mamirioni kuderedza kuburitsa kubva mungarava dzayo dzekufamba, Keever akadaro.

Kambani yakaisa mari inosvika madhora miriyoni mazana mana nenomwe pachiteshi cheJuneau kuitira kuti ngarava dzinosungirirana ipapo dzikwanise kubaya simba repamahombekombe pane kumhanyisa mainjini adzo kupa simba kuvafambi nevashandi. Iyo kambani zvakare yakaisa mari inosvika miriyoni imwe nemazana manomwe emadhora kusimudzira chiteshi cheSeattle. Keever akati zvikepe zvipfumbamwe zvePrincess '4.7 zvine magetsi plug-ins.

Chiteshi chengarava cheLos Angeles gare gare gore rino chinotarisirwa kuve nesimba remumahombekombe pachiteshi chayo chengarava, akadaro.

Pasina kukwidziridzwa kwemagetsi pazvikepe uye kudzoreredzwa kwezvikepe, zvikepe zvekufamba zvinomanikidzwa kupisa bunker mafuta pachiteshi, "tsvina-inopisa" mafuta ane 1,000 kusvika 2,000 nguva yakasviba kupfuura dizeli rori mafuta, Keever akadaro.

Ngarava dzechikepe zvakare dzinogona kuve dzakashongedzerwa kupisa marine distillate, kuchenesa-kupisa mafuta kupfuura bunker mafuta, Keever akadaro. California nguva pfupi yadarika yaida ngarava dzese dzemugungwa, kusanganisira ngarava, kupisa mafuta anochenesa mukati memakiromita makumi maviri nemana emahombekombe.

ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:

“It is regrettable that Friends of the Earth authors such misinformation when in fact this industry has made tremendous progress in the past several years in advancing technology and developing programs that go a long way in protecting the environment,”.
Without the power upgrade at the ports and the retrofitting of the ships, cruise ships are forced to burn bunker fuel while in port, a “dirty-burning”.
Keever said the technology is in place for cruise ship companies to meet Alaska’s stringent environmental laws — a claim disputed by Alaska Cruise Association president John Binkley.