Rwendo urwu rwakasiyana nenzendo dzangu zhinji. Kazhinji ndinoenda kune imwe nzvimbo kunoshanda panyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwevashanyi, asi izvi kuenda kuPortugal yakakosha. Ndiri pano nekuda kwebasa rangu neCentre yeLatino - Jewish Relations (CLJR). Kazhinji CLJR inotora vatungamiri veLatino kuIsrael. Rwendo urwu, zvakadaro, ndirwo rwakasiyana - kutora ese ari maviri Latinos uye vaJudha kugedhi renyika yetsika dzeSephardic uye nzvimbo yekusvetuka-svetuka yevakawanda vakauya kunyika dzeAmerica.
Hukama hwePortugal nevanhu vechiJudha ndehwepamusoro uye hwakaderera. Parutivi rwakashata, Bvunzurudzo yechiPutukezi yakanga yakaipa kwazvo zvokuti vanhu vakatiza chaizvoizvo Portugal nokuda kweSpain vachisarudza kutora mikana yavo neBvunzurudzo yeSpain. Kune rumwe rutivi rwakanaka zvikuru, Portugal yakanga iri utiziro hwaifarirwa navaJudha vokuSpain vakatiza Spain muna 1492. Naizvozvo vaJudha vakawanda vokuSpain vakapfuura nomuPortugal vachienda kuLatin America kuti vatize mirazvo yebvunzurudzo zvokuti mumativi akawanda eLatin America, shoko rokuti “portugués” rinongofanana. ne“vaJudha.” Munhoroondo ichangopfuura, Portugal yakashanda senzvimbo huru yekufambisa ichibvumira vaJudha vaitiza zvinotyisa zveEurope yakatorwa neGermany kuti vawane rusununguko muAmerica uye kutiza zvinotyisa zveHolocaust.
MaJuda akabatsira zvikuru nzanga yechiPutukezi. Yakanga iri sainzi yaAbraham Zacuto yakabvumira kufamba chaiko pamakungwa akazaruka mazana emakore akawanda asati ambofungidzira GPS. Aive Dona Grácia Mendes airatidza pasi rose kuti mukadzi aigona kungogona semurume mune zvese zviri zviviri kutengeserana kukuru nemabhanga. Iyi hodgepodge yezvematongerwo enyika yakarukwa mukati mehunhu hwemweya wePortugal.
Sezvo iri mukondinendi yeEurope, Portugal, kufanana nechikamu chikuru cheEurope, inzvimbo ye“nyika yekare” runako, runako, rusaruro, uye ruvengo. Portugal haina kutarisana nekumadokero chete, asi inyika yeEurope yekumavirira, nzvimbo iri kure kwazvo yekumadokero kwekondinendi yeEurope. Saizvozvo, iyi inyika ine muviri wayo muEurope, asi mweya wayo uri muAtlantic Ocean, uye maziso ayo anotarisa kune nyika itsva yekuvandudzwa netariro.
Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvese izvi CLJR yedu, pamwe neJewish Heritage Alliance, vakasarudza kuti rwendo rwedu rwekutanga rwakabatana rusiri rweIsrael rwaisazova kunyika ino chete inomiririra mweya wekuongorora asiwo inzvimbo iyo maJuda mazhinji neLatinos mhiri kwegungwa. Nyika dzeAmerica dzinofara.
Nezuro rakanga riri zuva redu rokutanga rinenge rakazara muno muLisbon. Takanga tabuda munhandare yendege na10:00 am nguva dzemuno uye takaita rombo rakanaka rekukurumidza kuchekwa. Ipapo takabatanidza runako rweLisbon nekushanya kune yayo yekutanga pre-Inquisitional sinagogi. Avo vaiva muboka vakaravira “Pasteis de Belem” yakakurumbira yeguta, vakaedza waini yaro, ndokutarisana nekariro nezvinetso zvenzanga yaro yechiJudha, uye ipapo presto akavamba ku“pinda” munyika inobatanidza bhiriji yekare neitsva, kupera tariro netariro. .
Nhasi, takaenda kune mamwe e“sabhabhu” yakakurumbira yeLisbon. Sinta iguta rakanaka uye rine nhoroondo nhasi rine migwagwa yemazuva ano inoita kuti ive maminetsi makumi mana nemashanu kubva kuLisbon. Mamwe maguta maviri inzvimbo dzekutamba dzechic, dzakapfuma, uye dzine mukurumbira. Sinta yaive zhizha kana nyika yekudzokera kwaMambo Manuel.
Irony yaMambo Manuel
Nhoroondo yakazara nezvinhu zvisinganzwisisiki. Nyaya yehukama pakati paMambo Manueri nemaJuda ndeimwe yenharo dzakadaro. Manuel akanga ari mambo aitsigira vaJudha zvokuti zvinoshamisa kuti akakuvadza zvikuru. Nhau inotidzidzisa kuti sorutivi rwemari yeroorano, Manuel aifanira kuripira madzimambo akaipa, Ferdinand naIsabel, kuti aroore mwanasikana wavo. Aya madzimambo eSpain aida kuti adzinge vanhu vake vechiJudha, uye panguva iyoyo, vanopfuura 20% yevagari vePortugal vaiva vaJudha. Vazhinji vevanhu ava vakanga vari vagari vePortugal vanobudirira zvikuru.
Chikumbiro ichi chakasiya mambo aine dambudziko guru - kusadzinga maJuda kwaireva kuti muchato wake hauzomboitika uye pamwe aizorasikirwa nemukana wake wekugara nhaka chigaro cheSpanish, asi kudzinga vanhu vake vechiJudha kwaireva kuti Portugal yaizorasikirwa ne20% yevagari vayo. uye vazhinji vevagari vemo vane tarenda. Mhinduro yake? Kutendeuka kwekumanikidzwa kwemaJuda ePortugal. Mhinduro yacho yakaita senzira yekuti mambo aizochengeta vagari vake vane tarenda uye vachiri kukwanisa kuroora, uye zvichida rimwe zuva kutora, Spain.
Manuel akaroora mwanasikana akaipa wemadzimambo eSpain asi haana kumbowana chigaro cheSpain. Kana vari vaJudha vechiPutukezi, upenyu hwakava hwakashata. Vaifanira kutarisana nemhirizhonga, kupondwa kwevanhu vakawanda, uye mwoto weBvunzurudzo. Zvinhu zvitatu izvi zvaireva kuti kunyangwe miganhu nezviteshi zvePortugal zvakavharwa, vazhinji vaizowana nzira yekutizira kurusununguko rweHolland neNyika Itsva.
Vakati vabuda vakaenda netarenda ravo. Vazukuru vevapoteri vechiPutukezi ava vakavaka nzanga huru muAmsterdam, New York, uye Mexico. Portugal yakanyura zvishoma nezvishoma mugomba rakadzika-dzika, uye makanga muri mukupera kwema1980 apo Mutungamiriri wePortugal akakumbira ruregerero kuvanhu vechiJudha. Zviri nekukumbira ruregerero kwaMario Soares uko chitsauko chitsva chakavhurwa muhukama hwechiJudha-chiPutukezi.
Portugal yemazuva ano inonzwisisa kuti kukuvadzwa kwakaitwa nemoto weInquisitional hakugone kugadziriswa. Vazhinji vevazukuru veichi "chibharo chechitendero" vakapa zvakawanda - kwete kuPortugal - asi kune mamwe marudzi pasi rese.
Zvinetso munhoroondo, zvisinei, zvichiripo. Nhasi vanhu vakakuvadzwa ava vangashamiswa kuziva nezvenharaunda dzechiJudha dzekare dziripo zvakare mumaguta akapoteredza Portugal. Semuripo wakasarudzika wezviito zvayo zvekare, Portugal ikozvino yawedzera muchiitiko chekutonga kwenhoroondo, kuva mugari kune vazhinji vevazukuru vevakabatwa. Zvichida mushure memazana mashanu emakore, tinozoona kuvharwa kwedenderedzwa kwakatanga muna 1496 uye kwakagara kwemazana mashanu emakore.
Mufananidzo © Peter Tarlow
Mufananidzo © Peter Tarlow
Mufananidzo © Peter Tarlow
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- As such, this is a land whose body is in Europe, but its soul is in the Atlantic Ocean, and its eyes gaze toward a new world of renewal and hope.
- Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvese izvi CLJR yedu, pamwe neJewish Heritage Alliance, vakasarudza kuti rwendo rwedu rwekutanga rwakabatana rusiri rweIsrael rwaisazova kunyika ino chete inomiririra mweya wekuongorora asiwo inzvimbo iyo maJuda mazhinji neLatinos mhiri kwegungwa. Nyika dzeAmerica dzinofara.
- Not to expel the Jews meant his marriage would never occur and perhaps he would lose his chance to inherit the Spanish throne, but to expel his Jewish subjects meant that Portugal would lose 20% of its population and many of its most talented citizens.
