Vakadzi, Zvishongo uye Nhoroondo
Muna 1986, US International Trade Commission yakashuma (pachikumbiro cheSenate Finance Committee), kuti varume vakatenga zvishongo sezvipo zvevakadzi, "Zvishongo zvakagara zvichionekwa sechipo uye zvizhinji zvakatengwa zvaive zvechinangwa ichocho."
Mumakore gumi pakati pa1960-1970 yevakadzi "kuzvitenga" kwaive kusingakoshe. Zvikonzero zvacho zviri pachena… nevakadzi vashoma chete muvashandi vanga vasina simba rekutenga zvinhu zvinodhura. Iye asingakoshe mukadzi-kune-mukadzi kutenga kwaiwanzoitwa naamai vachitenga chipo chemwanasikana wavo kana pakati pambuya nemuzukuru.
Target Maketi
Kwemakumi emakore iyo indasitiri yakatarisa vakadzi se "vechipiri vanokurudzira"; zvisinei, pakupedzisira, vakadzi vave "chipfuro musika." Iyo indasitiri nhasi inotaridzika uye inoita zvakasiyana uye mazwi ekushambadzira anoshandiswa kurondedzera uyu mutengi wechikadzi anosanganisira "mukadzi anozvitengera" (mukadzi anozvitengera zvishongo), uye "nekuda kwekungotenga" (kungotenga zvisina kujairika uko zvishongo hazviite ' t mucherechedzo chiitiko chakakosha).
Vakadzi vese vari kutenga zvimwe zvishongo zvavo, uye, sekureva kwaSarah Tanner kuLyst (fashoni yekutsvagisa chikuva), iro chikamu chevakadzi (zvichienzaniswa nevarume), vanotenga zvishongo zvevakadzi zvakawedzera zvikamu gumi nezvina kubva muna 14 kusvika 2016.
Wakapihwa Simba Rekutenga
Zvepamutemo zvinonzi "kuzvitengera kwevakadzi," zviuru zvemamirioni uye vamwe vakadzi vatengi vezvishongo, kana vakasvikwa nenzira kwayo, vanogona kuunza purofiti kune yepasi pevatengesi. DeBeer Boka rakaratidza, "iyo yekutenga-yega maitiro" iri "… imwe yemikana yakajeka yekukura mune ramangwana" (2016 Diamond Insight Report). Chavie Lieber (2017) anoona kuti kukwezva vechikadzi vanozvitenga raive rimwe dombo rakakosha rekona venyika dzekongirier rinouya zano.
Kuzvitengera Vakadzi
Muzana ramakumi maviri nerimwe vakadzi vazhinji vari kushanda, vachiwana mari yakawanda, vachigadzira nzira dzebasa, vari kugara vasina kuroorwa kwenguva yakareba, vachiita vana gare gare, uye nekudaro vane mari yakawandisa yavanogona kuzviwanira ivo… uye vari kushandisa mari kutenga zvishongo.
Kutsvaga kwaLyst kunoona kuti vakadzi vanoita 78 muzana yezvavanotenga zvishongo; zvisinei, ivo vangangoshandisa zvishoma pazvidimbu zvemunhu pane varume - asi - ivo vari kutenga kusvika katatu zvakapetwa zvishongo. Mumakore apfuura, vatengi vevanhurume vaishandisa avhareji yemadhora mazana matatu nemakumi masere nenomwe pamutsipa, nepo vakadzi vaiwanzoshandisa mari ingangosvika madhora zana nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe.
Usaderedze Mamireniyamu
Mu "Diamond Insight Report", DeBeers akawana kuti zviuru zvemamirioni zvakashandisa madhora makumi maviri nemaviri emadhora pazvishongo zvemadhaimani muna 26 uye makumi matatu neshanu muzana ezvaitengwa zvidimbu vakadzi vakazvitengera. Vakadzi vari pakati pe2015- 31 vakafemera DeBeers kuteedzera mutsetse, "A Diamond is Forever," uye kutenga kwacho kwaisanganisira kuunganidzwa kwevakaroora pamwe nehukama -matanho. Vakadzi vemazuva ano havana kuganhurirwa pakutenga ne "petty cash" yavo. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti nguva pfupi yadarika, vakadzi vaviri vakatenga Repossi White Noise Choker ne $ 25.
Maitiro aya anoratidza kuti vakadzi vakapinza zvitoro zvekushongedza muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva hwekutenga sekutenga shangu kana mbatya, nezvezvishongo sekusvikika uye kuda kunodiwa.
Ethnicity
Pamamiriyoni makumi maviri nemana makumi matatu nemakumi matatu akasimba, vakadzi vatema vanoverengera zvikamu gumi nezvina kubva muzana zvevakadzi vese vekuUS uye makumi mashanu nezvishanu kubva muzana evaAfrica -America Ongororo ichangoburwa, "Vakadzi vemuAfrica -America: Sainzi Yedu, Her Mashiripiti" (Nielsen 24.3), yakaratidza kuti vakadzi vatema, kumarudzi ese, vane mukana wekutenga nekutenga zvishongo zvakanaka nezvipfeko. Chidzidzo ichi chakaratidza kuti pakati pevakadzi vemuAfrica -America, makumi mashanu neshanu muzana vaizobhadhara yakawanda yezvishongo kana zvaienderana nemufananidzo wavanoda kuratidza; iyi yaive 14 muzana kupfuura vakadzi vasiri veSpanish vachena.
Chidzidzo ichi chakawana zvakare kuti zvikamu gumi nezvitanhatu kubva muzana zvevakadzi vatema vaive nemikana yakawanda kupfuura vakadzi vasiri vechiSpanish vachena vakatenga zvishongo zvekupfeka mumwedzi gumi nemaviri yapfuura uye 16 muzana vangangodaro vakatenga zvishongo zvakaisvonaka kupfuura vakadzi vachena vasiri veSpanish. Zvishongo zvakanaka zvakatengwa nevakadzi vatema zvaisvika pakati pe $ 12- $ 9.
Trending
Vakadzi vari kufamba. Kunyangwe vari kutenderera pasirese kuti vavhare madhiri emakambani, kukwira Himalaya, kana kuisa uye kutora vana masikati ekuchengetedza uye La Crosse, kufamba chikamu uye chikamu chenguva dzese dzezuva nezuva. Kuziva uye kubvuma ichi chitsva chaicho, vagadziri vezvishongo vari kusanganisa ino inoshanda hupenyu mune yavo zvishongo. Zvitsva dhizaini maficha anosanganisira:
- Mukurumari. Kutandara kunogona kuomarara pazvishongedzo; saka, zvishongo zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti zvigare. Iko kutarisisa kuri pahunyanzvi uye zvinotsungirira zvinhu, kuverengera mukadzi kuti zvishongo hazviputse kana kudonha panguva yekukwira makomo, kushambira kana chando.
- Mvura-inoshamwaridzika. Midziyo haizoparadzwa nemvura, ziya, kupisa kana kutonhora kwechando.
- Kugadziriswa. Zvishongo nemumahuro zvinofanirwa kuve zvinoshanduka uye zvine mutsindo- zvinokwana ruoko rwese nemutsipa, kuti zvigone kupfekwa kubva pakudya kwemangwanani pakudya kusvika kudinha yakasviba.
- Kugadzira. Iyo magadzirirwo anofanirwa kuve akaomeswa uye inogara ... kurasikirwa nebhedi panguva yemusangano webhodhi hazviite zvachose
JA Chishongo Expo
Iyo indasitiri yezvishongo iri mupenyu uye zvakanaka. Pakazara zvishongo zveUS zvakanaka uye kuona kutengesa muna 2014 zvakanyoreswa $ 78.08 bhiriyoni ne jewelry jewelry accounting ye $ 68.8 billon.
Kuti vawane vamwe vevatengesi vepamusha nevekunze, vatengi vezvishongo vakapinda kuratidzwa kuchangobva kuitika kweJA New York kuJavits Convention Center. Kutanga makore anopfuura zana apfuura, JA yakabatanidza nhengo dzeindasitiri yezvishongo pamwechete kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kwemazuva matatu ekutenga, kuona maitiro, kuvhima kwepfuma uye bhizinesi network. Vatengesi vanomhanyisa gamut kubva kumadhaimondi kuenda kudeco nematombo anokosha, nepo vagadziri vane tarenda vachisangana nezvinodiwa zvevatengi vakawanda, kubva pachinyakare kusvika pakucheka.
Yakashongedzwa Zvishongo zvemutariri anofamba anoyevedza:
Alice Sturzinger. Montclair, New Jersey
Sturzinger isangano repamusoro rinotengesa zvipo nezvishongo, richitengesa kune vatengesi muUSA yese. Zvese zvishongo, mabharubhi, uye mabheji zvakagadzirwa nemaoko kubva kuVenetian Italian girazi reMurano nevapfuri vakatanga hunyanzvi hwavo muzana ramakore rechi12. Sturzinger anoshanda padhuze neveVenetian maartist uye and uye vagadziri kuti vagadzire akasiyana uye eurbane zvishongo zvemukadzi wemazuva ano mukuru. Kusarudzwa kunosanganisira mitsipa, zvishongo, mhete nemhete pamwe nezvinhu zvezvipo. Iyo kambani ndiyo yepamutemo yeUS distributor yaAntica Murrina.
Mudzidzisi. Norwalk, Connecticut
Evocateur yakatangwa naBarbara Ross-Innamorati. Nekufarira shizha regoridhe kubva paudiki, Ross-Innamorati akachinjisa izvi zvinyorwa kuti zvishongedze dhizaini uye nzira yake yekudyara yakagadzira Evocateur. Dhizaini yake yepakutanga inowanikwa muUS, Europe, Africa neAsia uye yakakwana kune vanobudirira, vane simba, vakuru.
Vane hunyanzvi vanogadzira uye vega vanogadzira chidimbu chimwe nechimwe, vachizviputira negoridhe 22K uye shizha resirivha rakaisvonaka. Zvishongo zvakagadzirwa uye zvinopiswa neruoko uye zvakagadzirwa pamusoro pemazuva mashanu-mazuva, zvichiratidza mabasa eumhizha ayo anogadzira hunyanzvi nefashoni. Zvidimbu zvinogona kugadzirwa-ku-odhwa uye kutumirwa mukati memaviri-mavhiki.
Lika Behar Unganidzo (chikamu cheISC Maindasitiri). Istanbul, Turkey
Mubairo unohwina mugadziri Lika Behar anopa muunganidzwa unoshamisa weanopfeka hunyanzvi. Dhirowa kubva kumatekiniki ekugadzira zvishongo akajairika muEastern East, zvishongo zvinogadzirwa kubva ku24K goridhe, sirivheri yakaomeswa mune yakasanganiswa kana matte kupera, mangoda nematombo anokosha. Iko kuunganidza kwakanaka, kwakaomesesa uye kwakasiyana.
Behar akakurira mumhuri yakashongedzwa nezvishongo… baba vake vaive mutengesi wezvishongo uye mutengesi wegoridhe muIstanbul. Pazera regumi nemaviri akadzungaira Grand Bazaar uye akafunga iyo maze yezvitoro semba. Parizvino anogara kuNew Jersey nehofisi muManhattan.
Sane Zvishongo. Orlando, Florida
Sane imhuri inemhuri / inoshandiswa bhizimusi uye muparidzi wekutengesa akawanda anopa zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Iyo kambani inotarisa pane 18K zvishongo zvegoridhe, mitsipa, ngetani, mhete, uye pendende.
Vakadzi Vanoda Zvishongo Zvadzo
Madeleine Albright, Aimbova Secretary of State weUS
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori
ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:
- The study also found that 16 percent of Black women were more likely than non-Hispanic white women to have purchased costume jewelry in the past 12 months and 9 percent more likely to have purchased fine jewelry than non-Hispanic white women.
- In 1986, the US International Trade Commission reported (at the request of the Senate Finance Committee), that men bought jewelry as gifts for women, “Jewelry has traditionally been considered a gift item and most purchases were for that purpose.
- Muzana ramakumi maviri nerimwe vakadzi vazhinji vari kushanda, vachiwana mari yakawanda, vachigadzira nzira dzebasa, vari kugara vasina kuroorwa kwenguva yakareba, vachiita vana gare gare, uye nekudaro vane mari yakawandisa yavanogona kuzviwanira ivo… uye vari kushandisa mari kutenga zvishongo.
