Muchinyorwa chesvondo rino, tinoongorora zvipingamupinyi zvichangobva kuitika uye matambudziko akatarisana neUber Technologies, Inc. izvo zvinogona kudzikisira nhamburiko dzayo dzekutonga misika yepasi rose. Kunyanya, zviitiko muChina uye muNew York City zvinomutsa mibvunzo yakakomba nezveramangwana reUber.

Chinyorwa cheMutemo Wekufamba: Zvipingamupinyi zveUber Uye Zvinetso

Iyo juggernaut, Uber Technologies, Inc., inogona kunge yasvika kumagumo ekuedza kwayo kwepasirese kutonga misika mitsva yekufambisa neapp yayo yakasarudzika uye yakakurumbira yekufambisa. Kunyangwe Uber yakambosangana nekupikiswa munguva yakapfuura mumusika nemuDare, kunyanya muCalifornia, zvitsva zviri kuitika muChina nemuNew York City zvinogona kunge zvakamisa kuenderera mberi kweUber.

Uber Anokundisa MuChina

Zvakanaka kutaura kuti Uber uye muvambi wake Travis Kalanick aida zvakanyanya kubudirira muChina. “Zvisinei nemakwikwi akanyanya emuno, musika waive mumwe weUber hombe nehuwandu hwemakwikwi. Kuvhiya kweChinese kwaive purojekiti yemunhu muvambi weUber Travis Kalanick, aigara achienda kunyika iyi achipa hurukuro dzaikwereta mutauro wevakuru veChinese Communist Party. Kufarira kwake kwakatsigirwa nemabhiriyoni emadhora mukudyara” [Mozur & Issac, Uber Kutengesera Rival Didi Chuxing uye Gadzira Bhizinesi Idzva MuChina, nytimes.com (8/1/2016)]. Asi Uber yakasiya mureza chena ndokuzvipira nekutengesa Uber China kuna Didi Chuxing, mukwikwidzi akaomesesa. Uber nekudaro inojoinha dzimwe nhumbi dzehupfumi dzeAmerica dzakadai seFacebook, Google neAmazon dzakaenda nechikepe kuChina pakuda kwavo "kutonga kwenyika" kuti vazopedzisira vabuda. “Sezvombo zveumambo zviri kubuda kubva kuNorth America kuWest Coast, makambani aya anoedza kumisa misoro yegungwa kune mamwe makondinendi ese. Asi hofori dzemuAmerica padzakaedza kupinda mumvura dzeChina, musika mukuru weinternet pasi rose, armada yakaramba ichidzika” [Manjoo, Even Uber Haaigona Kubvongodza China Divide, nytimes.com (8/1/2016)].

Mutengo-Kugadzirisa Rangano

Uber ine mukurumbira muNew York City uye kumwewo kwatora chikamu chakakosha chematekisi, mota dzekuhaya uye mobile-app inogadzirwa misika yekufambisa-kugovera masevhisi. Zvakadaro, nyaya ichangobva kumhan'arwa, Meyer v. Travis Kalanick Uye Uber Technologies, Inc., 2016 WL 4073071 (SDNY 2016), parizvino pamberi pemutongi wemubatanidzwa Jed Rakoff weRuwa rwekumaodzanyemba kweNew York, uye vachipomera kuti Travis Kalanick naUber vari kuomesera. makwikwi emitengo pakati pevatyairi veUber kukuvadza vatyairi veUber vachityora Chikamu 1 cheSherman Antitrust Act uye mutemo weNew York antitrust, General Business Law 340 (Donnelly Act), kubhadhara kunopa dambudziko chairo kuUber.

Iyo Uber Algorithm

Muchitsiko chemazuva ano chekugadzirisa mutengo wekutengesa zvakare Dare rakacherechedza mukuramba chikumbiro chevari kupomerwa chekuramba [Meyer v. Travis Kalanick And Uber Technologies, Inc., 2016 WL 4073071 (SDNY 2016)] yekuti vatyairi vanoshandisa Uber app havakwikwidze pa. mutengo uye haugone kutaurirana mafaera nevatyairi vezvikwiriso. Pane kudaro, vatyairi vanochaja mari dzekufambisa dzakatarwa neUber algorithm. Kunyangwe Uber ichiti inobvumira vatyairi kuburuka kubva kumari yakatarwa nealgorithm, hapana nzira inoshanda iyo vatyairi vanogona kuzviita. Dare rakatiwo "Mumhan'ari anoti vatyairi vane" vavariro yakafanana yekurangana" nekuti kutevedzera mutemo weUber wemitengo kunogona kuburitsa mitengo inokwirisa ... kusabvuma kutevedzera Uber pricing algorithm”.

Unoyeuka Ralph Nader?

Vanopomerwa, sezviri pachena, vakaedza kuwana ruzivo rwekuzvidza mumhan'ari Spencer Meyer negweta rake. Kuedza uku, kuyeuchidza kuedza kwaGeneral Motors kuzvidza Ralph Nader mushure mekuburitswa kwebhuku rake raitengeswa zvakanyanya, Risina Kuchengetedzeka paChero Yekumhanya, muna 1965 [en/wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Nader] rakadzokera shure uye zvakakonzera kuti Mutongi Rakoff arayire vapomeri, Uber. naKalanick, kubva pakushandisa chero ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa nemuongorori wega wavakahaya, chero nzira ipi zvayo. "Izuva rinosiririsa apo, mukupindura kumhan'ara kumatare edzimhosva, mumiriri wekambani anonzwa achimanikidzwa kuhaya vaongorori vasina rezenisi kuti vaferefete zvakavanzika zvemumhan'ari nezano rake. Zvinosiririsa asi kana vaongorori ava vachinyepera kushamwari neshamwari dzemumhan'ari uye nezano rake mukuedza (kuzotadza kubudirira) kuwana ruzivo rwekuzvidza pamusoro pavo" [Meyer v. Travis Kalanick Uye Uber Technologies, Inc., 2016 WL 3981369 ( SDNY 2016)].

Uber's Arbitration Clauses

Mukupindura kumatare akati wandei akamhan'arwa, Uber yakatsvaga kumanikidza matongerwo emutemo uye kirasi yekuregeredza maitiro inoonekwa muzvibvumirano zvevatyairi [ona zvibvumirano zvemutyairi zvitsva uye zvinogoneka zvemutyairi, www.eturbonews.com (7/21/2016)]. Zvisungo zvakadaro zvave zvakajairika muzvibvumirano zvevatengi nevashandi kubva mutongo weDare Repamusorosoro reUS muAT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, 131 S. Ct. 1740 (2011) uye mumitongo yakatevera [Ona Dickerson & Chambers, Challenging 'Concepcion' muNew York State Courts, New York Law Journal (Zvita 29, 2015)] Pakutanga kuedza kweUber kwakarambwa nemubatanidzwa Mutongi Edward M. Chen wekuChamhembe. Dunhu reCalifornia muMohamed v. Uber Technologies, Inc., 109 F. Supp. 3d 1185 (ND Cal. 2015) uye Gillette v. Uber Technologies, Inc., vachiwana isingateverike yeUber yepakutanga vhezheni yayo inosungirwa kupikisa clause. Zvakadaro, mushure mekugadziridzwa neUber chibvumirano chitsva chemutyairi chine chirevo chekupokana chakabvumidzwa nemubatanidzwa Mutongi James S. Moody wekuMiddle District yeFlorida muSuarez v. Uber Technologies, Inc., 2016 WL 2348706 (MD Fla. 2016) uye nemubatanidzwa Mutongi Marvin J. Garbis weRuwa rweMaryland muVaron v. Uber Technologies, Inc., 2016 WL 1752835 (D. Md. 2016), kuongororazve kwakaramba 2016 WL 3917213 (D. Md. 2016).

Internet Arbitration Clauses

Chimwe chezviitiko zvinotyisa zvevatengi ve-e-commerce uye vashandi vanobvuma kubhadharwa kuburikidza neInternet zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kusimbiswa neMatare emitemo nemamiriro ezvinhu anorema, akadai sekupokana kunosungirwa, kusarudzwa kweforamu uye sarudzo yezvikamu zvemutemo, kirasi chiito waivers. uye zvirambidzo zvemhosva, kazhinji zvakavanda mu hyper-links [Ona Dickerson & Berman, Consumers' Kurasa Kodzero muInternet Age, NYSBA Journal (Gumiguru 2014)]. Sezvakataurwa naMutongi Rakoff “Kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemasere, Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States (ra) rakavimbisa vagari vomuUnited States kodzero yekutongwa kwevatongi. Iri kodzero yakakosha uye yakakosha inogona kuregererwa chete kana kuregera kuri kuziva uye nekuzvidira ... Asi munyika yeInternet, vatengiwo zvavo vanofungidzirwa kuti vanogara vakasiya kodzero iyi, uye, chokwadi, vakasiya mukana wavo kumatare. pamwe chete, nokuti vaifungidzirwa kuti vakabvumirana ne‘mitemo nemamiriro’ akareba ayo akanga asina simba rechokwadi rokutaurirana kana kukwikwidza uye kazhinji vaisatombozviziva. Iyi ngano yakasununguka dzimwe nguva inoruramiswa, zvirinani painosungirwa kupomedzerwa, zvichireva nezve 'liberal federal policy inofarira kupokana'”.

Chiziviso chisina kukwana

Ndichivimba nemutemo weCalifornia uye kushandisa pfungwa dzeMutongi wedunhu panguva iyoyo Sonia Sotomayor achinyorera ruzhinji muSprect v. Netscape Communications Corp., 306 F. 3d 17, 35 (2d Cir. 2002)(“[r]chiziviso chiri pachena che kuvapo kwezvibvumirano zvechibvumirano uye kuratidzwa kusinganzwisisike kwekubvumidzwa kweaya mazwi nevatengi kwakakosha kana kutaurirana kwemagetsi kuri kuve nekutendeseka uye kuvimbika ") Mutongi Rakoff akati "Kushandisa (California) mutemo, dare reSprect rakaona kuti vamwe vamhan'ari vakanga vasina kubvuma chibvumirano cherezinesi chine chirevo chekupokana nekuti chiziviso chakakwana uye chibvumirano chaive chisipo pane chokwadi chenyaya iyoyo". Mushure mekunyatsoongorora nyaya dzekuongorora “clickwrap” uye “browserwrap” zvibvumirano, Mutongi Rakoff akasiyanisa Mohamed v. Uber Technologies, Inc., 109 F. Supp. 3d 1185 (ND Cal. 2015) uye Cullinane v. Uber Technologies, Inc., 2016 WL 3751652 (D. Mass. 2016) uye akafunga kuti "Mumhan'ari Meyer akanga asina '[r]chiziviso chinonzwisisika' cheUber's User Agree kusanganisira chirevo chayo chekugadzirisa kana kuti evince 'kuratidzwa kusinganzwisisike kwekubvumirana kwemazwi iwayo'"

Mutongi Dickerson ave achinyora nezvemutemo wekufamba kwemakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe kusanganisira mabhuku ake emitemo anovandudzwa pagore, Mutemo Wekufamba, Law Journal Press (39) uye Litigating International Torts muUS Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), uye pamusoro pemitemo mazana mana emutemo mazhinji acho anowanikwa ku nycourts.gov/courts/2016jd/taxcertatd.shtml. Mutongi Dickerson ndiye zvakare munyori weClass Actions: Mutemo we400 States, Law Journal Press (9). Kune mamwezve mutemo mutemo wekufamba uye zviitiko, kunyanya munyika dzenhengo dzeEU, ona IFTTA.org.

Ichi chinyorwa hachigone kuburitswa pasina mvumo yaThomas A. Dickerson.

Verenga zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zveJustice Dickerson pano.

ZVOKUBVA MUNYAYA INO:

2016), parizvino pamberi pemutongi wemubatanidzwa Jed Rakoff weSouthern District yeNew York, uye achiti Travis Kalanick naUber vari kudzikisira makwikwi emitengo pakati pevatyairi veUber kukuvadza vatyairi veUber vachityora Chikamu 1 cheSherman Antitrust Act neNew York's. antitrust statute, General Business Law 340 (Donnelly Act), kubhadhara kunopa dambudziko chairo kuUber.
Kunyangwe Uber yakambosangana nekupikiswa munguva yakapfuura mumusika nemuDare, kunyanya muCalifornia, zvitsva zviri kuitika muChina nemuNew York City zvinogona kunge zvakamisa kuenderera mberi kweUber.
"Izuva rinosiririsa apo, mukupindura kumhan'arira kwemhosva yekutengeserana, mumiriri wekambani anonzwa achimanikidzwa kuhaya vaongorori vasina rezenisi kuti vaferefete zvakavanzika zvemumhan'ari nezano rake.