Zvisinei, pakanga pasati pave kutozosvikira mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 18 apo mbeu idzi dzakatumbuka kuva dzinobudirira. waini indasitiri. Kufamba nemumvura ine mhirizhonga yekupera kwema1800 kusvika kuma1930, UruguayMamiriro ewaini ewaini akakunda dutu re phylloxera, Kuderera Kukuru, uye zviitiko zvinonetsa zveHondo Yenyika II.
Phylloxera, muvengi asinganeti, akarwisa midzi yemuzambiringa, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa kwakapararira uye kurasikirwa kwemarudzi anokosha emuzambiringa. Kudzoreredzwa kweindasitiri kwaive kwakasimba, kwaida makore ekudyara nemidzi isingachinjiki uye mhando dzemazambiringa dzakakodzera.
Dutu rehupfumi reKuderera Kukuru (1929-1939) rakawedzera kuyedza hunyanzvi hweindasitiri yewaini yeUruguay. Sezvo kudzikira kwehupfumi hwepasirese kwaita chibvumirano chekushandisa kwevatengi, musika wewaini wakanzwa kukanganiswa mukati nekunze. Hondo Yenyika II (1939-1945) yakavhiringidza kutengeserana, kutsausa zviwanikwa kuhondo uye kusiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pakugadzirwa kwewaini kweUruguay.
Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, indasitiri yewaini yaikura yakawana mubatanidzwa muvatorwa kubva kumatunhu eBasque neItaly. Zvinonyanya kukosha, Don Pascual Harriague, muoni weBasque abva kune dzimwe nyika, akasiya mucherechedzo usingaperi nekuunza mazambiringa eFrench Tannat kuUruguay muna 1870. Sarudzo iyi yakaisa hwaro hwekuti Tannat ibude semhando yemazambiringa eUruguay.
Pakati pezana remakore rechi20 pakaonekwa imwe nguva inokosha nekuunzwa kwerudzi rwemazambiringa eAlbanno nevatorwa vakabva kunharaunda yeGalician kuSpain muna 1954. Kuiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemazambiringa uku kwakawedzera hupfumi nekusiyana-siyana pakugadzira waini yeUruguay.
A Diplomatic Duru: Mercosur Yemahara Yekutengeserana Agreement (1991)
Kubudiswa kwechitsauko chitsva munhoroondo yewaini yeUruguay kwakabatana nechibvumirano cheMercosur Free Trade Agreement muna 1991. Chibatanidza Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, neUruguay, chibvumirano chacho chakatsigira “kufamba kwakasununguka kwezvinhu, mabasa, uye zvinhu zvinogadzirwa pakati penyika.” Nekudaro, iyo fungidziro yekugona kutonga neBrazil neArgentina yakawedzera kukura nekuda kwemitengo yakaderera yekugadzira. Mukupindura, Uruguay yakaita gadziriso yehungwaru, ichisimudza mhando yewaini yayo uye ichisimbisa kushambadzira kwekuyedza kuona yakasarudzika terroir nemazambiringa marudzi. Uku kufamba kwakashinga kwakaveza niche yakasarudzika yeUruguayan waini padanho repasi rose.
Mazambiringa eKusiyanisa: Uruguay's Vinous Symphony
Mamiriro ekunze eUruguay, mwaka wekurima wakawedzerwa, uye ivhu rakasiyana nemamwe zvinopa kanivhasi yakanaka kuti mazambiringa eTannat asvike kuibva zvisingaenzaniswi—chiito chinodenha kunyange kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFrance. Vanachipangamazano vepasi rese, masters emunda wemizambiringa alchemy, vakapfavisa Tannat's anotyisa tannins kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwakaita se micro-oxygenation uye kuchembera kwembiru. Mhedzisiro iyi waini yeTannat iyo isiri yakaoma chete asi zvakare inosvikika pane yekutanga nhanho kana ichienzaniswa neyayo yekuFrance.
Waini yeTannat kubva kuUruguay inotamba pamukaka, ichiratidza kunaka kwakaoma kwemichero mitema, kubva mublackberry kusvika kune black currant. Kufurirwa nekurapwa kwemuouki, mawaini aya anogona kunakidza nemanotsi echokoreti kana espresso. Tannat, inotonga pamusoro pechikamu chimwe muzvina cheminda yemizambiringa yeUruguay, inogovera kutaridzika nemhando chena dzakaita seChardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Albariño, uye Viognier.
Strategic Symphony: Classification uye Regulations
Muna 1988, hurumende yeUruguay yakapa Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INAVI) kuti itarise indasitiri yewaini. Chinangwa cheINAVI chaive chakajeka: kusimudzira mhando yewaini uye kurima misika yekunze. Chimiro chekusimudzira chakaenderera mberi muna 1989 nehurongwa hwekusimudzira waini yeUruguay pasi rose. Nguva inotyisa yakasvika muna 1993 apo Uruguay yakava nyika yekutanga yeSouth America kumisa kurambidza kushandisa mazita edunhu rewaini ane mukurumbira pamalebula epamba, ichisimbisa kuzvipira kwayo kune chokwadi.
Iyo Vinos de Calidad Preferent (VCP) yemhando yewaini system, yakavambwa muna 1993, inotaridzazve kuzvipira kweUruguay kune mhando. Yakagadzirwa kubva kuVitis vinifera mazambiringa, VCP waini inozvirumbidza nedoro-ne-vhoriyamu (ABV) yemukati kubva pa8.6% kusvika 15%. Mawaini aya, akaiswa mu750 ml kana mabhodhoro madiki egirazi, akaiswa muzvikamu zviviri: Vino Común (VC) inomiririra waini yematafura uye mhando dzerosé dzichinyanya.
Uruguay's Vinous Tapestry: Distinctive Attributes
Yakavakirwa munzvimbo inofananidzwa nenzvimbo yeWisconsin, Uruguay, ine huwandu hwevanhu vakafanana neConnecticut, inobata yakasarudzika nhaka yeEurope neruremekedzo rwemapiyona anobva kuItari neSpain. Runako rwenyika, mamiriro ekunze akanaka, uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, pamwe chete nezviwanikwa zvemagetsi emvura, zvinoumba mamiriro ekunze ane simba. A dense hydrographic network inotsigira zvekurima, zvichiwedzerwa nevashandi vakadzidza, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzevhu, uye Tannat mazambiringa - zvichiratidza kugona kweUruguay kuve mutambi mukuru munhandare yewaini yepasi rose.
Ikozvino Kukunda uye Ramangwana Oenophilic Horizons
Uruguay parizvino ine mahekita angangoita 5,000 eminda yemizambiringa, kumusha kune 180 kusvika 250 kunyanya kune mhuri dzewaini. Dunhu reMetropolitan rinogashira ruzhinji, iine subset inokoshesa inotungamira waini dzemhando yepamusoro uye ine hunyanzvi hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Inofananidzwa muhukuru neBordeaux's Saint Emilion uye idiki zvishoma pane yeCalifornia's Alexander Valley, nharaunda dzewaini dzeUruguay dzinoratidza mamiriro ekunze emugungwa uye terroir yakamisikidzwa nevhu regranite. Mamiriro acho akazara nemakomo, minda yemizambiringa yakakwirira-yakakwirira uye minda yemizambiringa yemurenje, inobatsirwa nemvura yakawanda yakakonzerwa neAtlantic Ocean.
Vanhu vekuUruguay, vanosiyaniswa sevatungamiriri vekunwa waini pasi rose, vanonwa avhareji inoshamisa yemarita 24 pagore. Nepo zvinodiwa zvepamba zvichiramba zvakatariswa, kugadzirwa kwewaini yeUruguay kuri kuwedzera kusvika kwayo kumisika yepasirese, neBrazil ichitungamira mukutengesa kunze. Misika iri kusimukira inosanganisira United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, neUnited States.
Nyanzvi dzewaini dzepasi rese dzinosheedzera kukwira kweUruguay muindasitiri yewaini yepasi rose, ichikurudzirwa nevanogadzira waini vanojoinha Uruguay Sustainable Viticulture Program. Chirongwa ichi chinokwikwidza kurongeka, maitiro ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiratidza gwara uko waini dzeUruguay dzakagadzirira kukwira zvakanyanya mumhando uye mukurumbira padanho repasi rose. Symphony yekubudirira yakamirira seUruguay, ine musanganiswa wemuono wetsika uye hunyanzvi, inogadzira nhaka munyika yewaini.
© Dr. Elinor Garely. Ichi chinyorwa chekopirisita, kusanganisira mapikicha, chingangodaro chichiburitswa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kumunyori
