Big Guys Vanobvumirana Kutyaira Kusimba Kwendege

Ndege inobatanidza nyika yedu nevanhu vanofambisa uye vanokurumidza kufamba, kuvhura mikana mitsva yezvehupfumi nekutakura chikafu nezvinhu pasi rese. Ndege inosimudzira kunzwisisana kwepasirese, ichigadzira kupokana kwetsika uye nekudaro ichipa kurunyararo kugarisana.

Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yave kunetsa kujekesa nzanga yedu. Maitiro ehunhu pamamiriro ekunze anoda chiito kumativi mazhinji. Indasitiri yekuvhiya iri kutotora chakakosha kuchengetedza nyika uye icharamba ichidaro.

Kubhururuka kwendege kunopa zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvekabhoni dhayokisaidhi inogadzirwa nevanhu. Iyo indasitiri yakazvipikisa kudzikisa mambure CO₂ utsi kunyangwe kudiwa kwekufamba nendege uye kutakura kuchikura zvakanyanya. Kuburikidza neAir Transport Action Group (ATAG), indasitiri yezvendege yakava chikamu chekutanga cheindasitiri kumisa chinangwa chekuda: kuderedza CO.₂ emissions kusvika hafu yegore 2005 mazinga ne2050, uye kuderedza kukura kwe net CO.₂ kuburitswa kwemhepo panosvika 2020. Tiri munzira yekuzadzikisa zvisungo zviya zviri pedyo, zvinosanganisira 2019 kusetwa kweCarbon Offsetting uye Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) chirongwa sezvakabvumiranwa nenyika dzeInternational Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

Iwo Chief Technology Mahofisi evanomwe vevanogadzira epasi rose vanogadzira nendege parizvino mumwe nemumwe ari kushanda padanho risati ramboitwa kuona kuti indasitiri inosangana nezvisungo zvine hukasha uye zvinodikanwa.

The Strategy

Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakura zvehunyanzvi kune inoenderera nendege:

1. Kuenderera mberi nekugadzira ndege uye injini dhizaini uye tekinoroji mukutsvaga kusinga peri kwekuvandudza mukushanda kwemafuta uye kuderedzwa CO.₂ kubuda.
2. Kutsigira kushambadzira kwezvakagadzikana, mamwe mafuta endege. Around 185,000 ndege dzekutengesa dzakatoratidza kuti ndege dzanhasi dzakagadzirira kuzvishandisa.
3. Kugadzira ndege nyowani uye tekinoroji yekumhanyisa uye matekinoroji ekumhanyisa anogonesa 'chizvarwa chechitatu' chekubhururuka nendege.

Zvimwe zvinhu, senge zvine hungwaru manejimendi manejimendi manejimendi uye kufambisa nendege uko kunodzikisira kushandiswa kwemafuta zvakare kune chikamu chakakosha kutamba. Indasitiri yedu yakaratidza kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukuderedza ruzha uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa nharaunda uye icharamba ichidaro.

Ndege uye Injini Dhizaini uye Tekinoroji

Kwemakore makumi mana apfuura, ndege uye injini tekinoroji yakaderedza CO₂ kubudiswa neavhareji yegore negore inopfuura chikamu chimwe chete pamamaira yevafambi. Izvi zvave mhedzisiro yekudyara kwakakosha kweR&D mumidziyo, kugona kweaerodynamic, dhizaini yedhijitari uye nzira dzekugadzira, turbomachinery kuvandudza uye ndege masisitimu.

Kwemakore mazhinji, kuburikidza neakasiyana masangano eindasitiri uye masangano epasi rose, nharaunda yezvendege yakazvipira nekuzvipira kusangana neseti yehasha zvinangwa zvekusimudzira kuita kwemamiriro ekunze kwendege. Zvinangwa zvakaiswa neAdvisory Council yeAeronautics Research muEurope inodaidzira kudzikiswa ne75 muzana muCO.₂, 90 muzana inodonha muNO_X uye 65 muzana yakaderera muruzha panosvika 2050, zvichienzaniswa neyegore ra2000.

Kubatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvine hukasha izvi, zvibvumirano zvepasirese zvakasvitswa kuburikidza neICAO zvinodaidzira huni-hunyanzvi hwekuita mashandiro kuti ive chikamu chechitupa chinoshandiswa kune imwe nendege.

Isu tinoramba takazvipira kuvandudza ndege iripo uye magadzirirwo einjini kuti tienderere mberi negwara rekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka sezvinobvira. Saizvozvowo, tinocherekedza matambudziko makuru etekinoroji ari mberi kwedu uye zvingangodiwa kuti zvibatanidze nzira dzakanyanya 'dzechizvarwa chechitatu'.

Kukurudzira Shanduko Yesimba: Sustainable Aviation Fuels

Aviation icharamba ichivimba nemafuta emvura seyakakosha simba rendege huru uye yakareba-refu kune ramangwana rinoonekwa. Kunyangwe pasi pefungidziro inetarisiro yekubhururuka kwemagetsi, ndege dzedunhu nedzemunzvimbo imwe chete dzicharamba dzichishanda mungarava dzepasi rose nemafuta ejet kwemakumi emakore anotevera. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kweSustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) iyo inoshandisa recycled kwete fossil-based kabhoni uye inosangana yakasimba, inovimbika yekusimudzira zviyero chikamu chakakosha cheramangwana rakagadzikana. Nzira shanu dzekugadzira maSAF dzakatobvumidzwa kushandiswa, nekugadzirwa kweyekutengesa kweimwe yeidzi nzira dzatovepo. Isu tinotenda kuti kukwidziridza chiyero chekugadzira-yese nzira dzekutengesa, panguva imwe chete tichigadzira imwe yakaderera mutengo nzira, ndiyo kiyi yekubudirira. Basa iri riri kutoenderera mberi kumasangano ekutsvagisa uye mukati memakambani ari mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana. Chinodiwa kuwedzera kwerutsigiro rwehurumende mukuvandudza tekinoroji, kudyara kwenzvimbo yekugadzira, uye kukurudzira kwekugadzira mafuta pasi rose.

Isu tinotsigira zvizere chero mafuta, ayo anogara aripo, anokwenenzverwa, uye anowirirana nemafuta aripo. Tichashanda padhuze nevagadziri vemafuta, vanoshanda, nhandare dzendege, masangano ezvakatipoteredza uye vamiriri vehurumende kuunza aya mafuta mukushandisa kwakawanda kwendege pamberi pa2050.

Iyo Yechitatu Era yeAviation

Kubhururuka kwendege kuri kumambakwedza kwenguva yayo yechitatu huru, kuvaka pane hwaro hwakagadzwa nehama dzaWright uye vavaki veJet Age muma1950. Nguva yechitatu yeAviation inobvumidzwa nekufambira mberi muzvivakwa zvitsva, hunyanzvi hweinjiniya thermodynamic, magetsi uye akasanganiswa-emagetsi kufambisa, digitization, huchenjeri hwekugadzira, zvigadzirwa uye kugadzira. Ndege hombe dzichatanga kubatsirika kubva kumagadzirirwo enoverengeka ayo anoenderera mberi nekuvandudza mashandiro kuburikidza nekutungamira kwekukwevera kwendege nekuparadzira kufambisa munzira itsva. Zvishandiso zvitsva zvinogonesa ndege dzakareruka, zvichiwedzera kuvandudza mashandiro.

Isu tinofara nechizvarwa chechitatu ichi chekubhururuka uye, kunyangwe hazvo makambani ese anomiririrwa aine nzira dzakasiyana, tese tinofambiswa nechokwadi chekupa kwaro kune basa rezvifambiso mune ramangwana rakagadzikana. Isu tinotenda kuti kubhururuka kuri kupinda panguva yayo inonakidza kubvira kutanga kweJet Age. Iyi nguva yechitatu inovimbisa shanduko yakanaka pahupenyu pasirese - uye isu takamira takagadzirira kuti zviitike.

Danai kuChiito: Ngatigadzirei Iri Ramangwana Tese

Remangwana rekubhururuka rakajeka. Zvakadaro, pamusoro pekuedza kwakakosha kuri kuitwa nechikamu chedu, tinovimbawo nerutsigiro rwakarongedzwa kubva kuvagadziri vemitemo, vatongi nehurumende vanoshanda pamwe chete kuzadzisa zvinangwa izvi.

Panofanirwa kuve nekuwedzera kuzvipira kuruzhinji uye kwakazvimirira kuti vagadzire hwaro hwakanaka hwekutungamira kugadzirisa nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakabatana nehunyanzvi hwekubhururuka nendege uye kupa rutsigiro rwakakosha mune zvehupfumi kutengeswa kwakazara kweSAFs. Isu tinofungidzira yakafararira, yakadzika uye inoenderera nekubatana kuburikidza neICAO kufambisa nzira dzakabatana dzemutemo pamwe neyakagadzwa yenyika pamwe nepasirese kudzora uye nemitemo-yekumisikidza miviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira US Federal Aviation Administration, European Aviation Safety Agency, uye Civil Aviation Administration yeChina, Transport Canada, ANAC yekuBrazil nevamwe.

Semabhizimusi CTOs isu takazvipira kutyaira kuenderera kwendege. Tinotenda mune ino indasitiri uye nebasa rayo mukugadzira nyika yedu ive yakajeka uye yakachengeteka nzvimbo. Isuwo tinotenda zvakasimba kuti tine nzira yekuita nendege kuenderera uye kutamba chinzvimbo chakatonyanya munharaunda yedu yepasirese.

Grazia Vittadini
Chief Technology Officer
Airbus

Greg Hyslop
Chief Technology Officer
The Boeing Company

Bruno Stoufflet
Chief Technology Officer
Vadivelu Comedy Dassault Aviation

Eric Ducharme
Chief Engineer
GE Aviation

Paul Stein
Chief Technology Officer
Rolls-Royce

Stéphane Cueille
Chief Technology Officer
nesafironi

paul ermenko
Chief Technology Officer
UTC