Tourism iindasitiri-yakatarisana nevanhu, inotungamirwa nekuchinja kwezvinodiwa, maitiro, uye ekunze pesvedzero yepasirese. Kuwedzera kune izvi, kuoma kwakaita nharaunda yepasirese kunoitawo basa guru pasarudzo yekufamba. Saka kufanotaura nezvekushanya harisi basa riri nyore.
Chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora kukosha kwekutora nzira dzinotungamirwa netsvakiridzo, dzakanangana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuisa zvinangwa zvekushanya kuSri Lanka, tichifunga nezvekutakura kwenyika uye mafambiro ezvekushanya pasi rose.
ziviso
Kushanya kweSri Lanka kwave kuri parwendo rwekufamba kwemakumi matatu kusvika mana apfuura. Kubva pamazuva anotyisa e3s, yakatambura zvipingamupinyi kubva muhondo yevagari vemo kwenguva refu neindasitiri ichingokwanisa kuchengetedza musoro wayo pamusoro pemvura panguva iyi. Kuwedzera kwekukatyamadza kwekunze senge SARS, Shiri flu, 4/1980 uye nguva pfupi yadarika Covid, yakawedzera kurova mukukura kwekushanya kweSri Lanka. Pakangoonekwa kukura kwakasimba, kurwiswa kweIsita kunouraya kwakaitika, uko vashanyi vakati wandei vakanangwa uye vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo. Kunyangwe vazhinji vaifunga kuti uku ndiko kufa kweindastiri, Sri Lanka yakakurumidza kudzoka kupfuura zvaitarisirwa, kungotarisana nedenda reCovid, iro rakakanganisa kushanya kwenyika kwese kwese. Pasinei nematambudziko aya, chikamu chekushanya cheSri Lanka chakaratidza kusimba, ndokuzorohwa zvakare nedambudziko rehupfumi.
Tichifunga nezvemhoteredzo iyi isina kugadzikana iyo Sri Lanka yakaratidzwa, hazvishamisi kuti kufanotaura kwakakodzera kwekukura kwekushanya kunoramba kuri basa rakaoma. Zviremera zvinowanzoisa zvinangwa zvakada kufanana nevashanyi mamirioni matatu panosvika gore ra2025 uye kunyange mamirioni gumi panosvika 2030 pasina ongororo yakakwana yekugona kwenyika kuchengetedza huwandu hwakadai.
Kunyange zvibodzwa izvi zvichinzwika sekuvimbisa, chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinowanzo furatirwa: kugona kutakura kweSri Lanka. Chitsuwa chinongori 65,000 km² chinogona kugarisa mavhoriyamu akakura evashanyi pasina mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza uye tsika? Kana kugadzikana kuchizova hwaro hweSri Lanka's tourism strategy, zvinotarisirwa zvekusvika zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa kuitira kuti tigone kugarisa vashanyi zvakachengeteka pasina kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye tsika dzedu.
Vashanyi Vakawandisa?
Over tourism inoreva chiitiko chekuwanda kwenhamba yevashanyi zvinogadzira matambudziko evanhu, ezvakatipoteredza, uye magariro. Iyo inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezviitiko zvekushanyirwa uye kuipa kwazvinoita panzvimbo dzekuenda. Saka marudzi ese ekushanya kwakawanda anozopedzisira atungamira mukushanya.
Nzvimbo zhinji dzepasirese dzave kusangana nekudzokera shure kubva munharaunda nekuda kwekukura kusingadzoreki kwekushanya. Nzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzakaita seBarcelona neAmsterdam dzakatarisana nekudzikira nekuda kwekuwanda uye nekukanganisa kwazvinoita. Mazwi akaita senge “anti-tourism,” “touristification,” uye “tourismphobia” abuda mukupindura matambudziko aya.
Kudzivisa misungo yakafanana, panofanira kuva nokuronga kwakafanira. Chekutanga, zviremera zvine chekuita nazvo zvinofanirwa kuona huwandu hwekutakura hunokwanisa kutambirwa nekwaunoenda. Mushure mezvo zvivakwa zvinodikanwa uye manejimendi nzira dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti dzibate nemazvo nhamba dzevashanyi idzi kuchengetedza kutakura.
Kunzwisisa Kutakura Kugona
Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC) inotsanangurwa neWorld Tourism Organisation se "Huwandu hwepamusoro hwevanhu vanogona kushanyira nzvimbo yevashanyi panguva imwe chete, vasingakonzere kuparadzwa kwemamiriro ekunze, ehupfumi, emagariro netsika uye kudzikira kusingagamuchirwe kwemhando yekugutsikana kwevashanyi". Inofanirwa kusanganisa zvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro, zvemuviri uye zvehupfumi zvekwaunoenda.
Tichifunga zvese izvi zvinokanganisa, fungidziro yeTCC ibasa rakaoma kwazvo. Iko fungidziro yeTCC kunyangwe yekukwezva kushanya kwakaoma, uye nekudaro kufungidzira TCC yenyika yese kwakaoma uye kwakaoma.
Yakarongwa nzira yekufungidzira vashanyi vakakodzera vanosvika
Kunyange isu tisingazviti tiri nyanzvi munzvimbo ino neimwe nzira, asi tiri kubudirira nzira yakapusa yekusvika kune mamwe mabhenji.
Chidzidzo ichi chinopa ongororo yekuenzanisa yenzvimbo dzevashanyi dzepasirese kuti dzimise mabhenji ekushanya kwakasimba. Inotanga inoongorora mafambiro evashanyi (vanosvika pa km² yenzvimbo yepasi) munyika dzakasiyana siyana. Ichaongorora kushanya kwenyika idzi kuti tourism yakadzikanganisa kusvika papi. Ruzivo urwu ruchatorwa kuburikidza nemhinduro dzesocial media, zvidzidzo zvedzidzo, uye mishumo yenhau. Mhedziso dzinozoitwa dzekuti chii chingave chikumbaridzo chekutakura zvichienzaniswa nehuremu hwenyika.
Tourist footfall per unit area yenyika
Rondedzero yenzvimbo dzekushanyirwa dzakakura dzakasarudzwa pakudzidza, uye huwandu hwavo hwese hwegore negore vanosvika pakushanya kwe2018 (gore rakanakisa rekodhi revanosvika kuSri Lanka) vanofananidzwa nenzvimbo yavo yepasi.
Mhinduro iripo pamamiriro ezvekushanya mune imwe neimwe yenyika idzi inozorekodhwa kubva kwakasiyana siyana pasocial media, mishumo yenhau uye zvinyorwa zvedzidzo. Zvichienderana nemamiriro azvino sekuonekwa kubva kune aya masosi, nyika dzakatarisana nedambudziko rekushanya dzakaiswa mutsvuku. Kune rumwe rutivi, nyika idzo dzisina matambudziko akakomba (pasi pekushanya) dzakaonekwa uye dzakasimbiswa mubhuruu. Nyika dzine matambudziko arikumuka dzakaiswa mucherechedzo wegirini.
Ongororo yakanangana nenyika yekudzidza
Kosita Rika
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo: 51,100 km² | Kutsika: 65 vashanyi / km²
Costa Rica inoonekwa semutungamiri mukushanya kwakasimba asi iko zvino yakatarisana nematambudziko ekushanya. Kuedza kuparadzira vashanyi munyika yose kuri kuitika.
Marudhivhu
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo: 300 km² | Kutsika: 5,676 vashanyi / km²
Kusimudzirwa kwekushanya kweMaldives kwakasarudzika nekuti kwakapararira pamusoro pezvitsuwa mazana maviri nemutemo wavo we "one island one resort" pfungwa inodzikamisa pamusoro pekushanya. (200 resort islands kubva pazvitsuwa 164) Zvisinei, mabhodhoro panhandare yendege yeMurume anoratidza zvingangonetsa mune remangwana. Pari zvino pakatarisana nenyaya dzekushanyirwa kwenyika paine zvirongwa zvakasiyana zviri kuitwa panyaya iyi.
France neSpain
France – Land Area : 551685 km² | Kufamba netsoka: 162 vashanyi / km²
Spain - Land Area : 506,030 km² | Kufamba netsoka: 164 vashanyi / km²
Nyika mbiri idzi dzine huwandu hwakakura hwepasi mune yemuenzaniso seti yakadzidzwa asiwo inzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzekushanya dzine nhamba dzepamusoro dzekusvika kwevashanyi. Vakatarisana nedambudziko guru rekushanyirwa kwenyika, veruzhinji vachipikisa. Hurumende dzakadzika matanho akadai semitero yevashanyi uye miganhu yevashanyi.
Singapowo
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo: 734 km² | Kutsika: 25,204 vashanyi / km²
Pasinei nekukwira kwayo kwetsoka, Singapore, kuve nyika diki ichiri kukwanisa kuva nenhamba yakakura kudaro yevashanyi pasina nyaya huru. kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yenyika iri duku zvikuru. Iyo inonyatso gadzirisa kushanya kuburikidza neakanakisa kuvandudza zvivakwa uye kuronga. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvomunguva yemberi zvingamuka.
Netharenzi
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo: 41,145 km² | Kutsika: 149 vashanyi / km²
Nyika idiki muhukuru asi ine vashanyi vakawanda uye yakanyorwa seimwe yenyika dzakatarisana nedambudziko rakakura rekushanya. Hurumende yeDutch yakatemera zvirambidzo zvakati kuti kune vashanyi mukuyedza kudzikamisa kuwanda,
Vietnam neCambodia
Vietnam - Nyika Nzvimbo: 331,690 km² | Kutsika: 47 vashanyi / km²
Cambodia - Land Area: 181,035 km² | Kutsika: 34 vashanyi / km²
Kutsika kwetsoka munyika mbiri idzi kuri pasi pemakumi mashanu pamakiromita2 uye saka zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti nyaya dzepamusoro pekushanya hadzina kunyanya kuwanda. Zvakadaro tsvakiridzo iyi inoratidza kuti havafanirwe kugadzikana sezvo matambudziko ekurukura ari kutanga kubuda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinopisa dzekushanya.
Kenya
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo: 582,646 km² | Kutsika: 3 vashanyi / km²
Nyika ine nyika yakakura zvakati wandei uye nenhamba dzekusvika dzakaderera (zvinenge zvakapetwa kapfumbamwe saizi yeSri Lanka asi ine nhamba yakafanana yevashanyi vanosvika!) inopa iyo yakaderera pasi (pamwe neIndia) pakati pesample set. Saka kunyange hazvo kuderera kwetsoka kuchiratidza kuti hapachina kushanya, kune mimwe mishumo yekuti zvimwe zvinokwezva zvakakurumbira zvakadai sekutama kwechikara muMasai Mara zviri kutarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwekushanya.
Bhutani
Nzvimbo Yenzvimbo: 38,394 km² | Kutsika: 7 vashanyi / km²
