Mune bepa idzva raburitswa nhasi mujenari Nature Astronomy, boka revatsvakurudzi vanobva kuUK, Australia neAmerica vanotsanangura kuti kuongorora kutsva kweasteroid yekare kunoratidza kuti kunze kweguruva zviyo zvakatakura mvura kuNyika sezvo nyika yakaumbwa.
Mvura iri muzviyo yakagadzirwa ne mamiriro ekunze, maitiro ekuchajisa zvidimbu kubva kuZuva zvinozivikanwa semhepo yezuva zvakashandura kemikari yezviyo kuti ibudise mamorekuru emvura.
Zvakawanikwa zvinogona kupindura mubvunzo wakareba wekuti Nyika ine mvura isina kujairika yakawana kupi makungwa ayo anofukidza 70 muzana yepasi payo - zvakanyanya kupfuura chero imwe nyika ine matombo muSolar System yedu. Zvinogonawo kubatsira mamisheni emuchadenga mune ramangwana kuwana matsime emvura munyika dzisina mhepo.
Masayendisiti ezvemapuraneti ave achinetseka kwemakumi emakore pamusoro pekwakabva makungwa ePasi. Imwe dzidziso inoratidza kuti rumwe rudzi rwedombo remuchadenga rinotakura mvura rinozivikanwa seC-type asteroids ringadai rakaunza mvura kunyika mumatanho ekupedzisira ekuumbwa kwayo makore mabhiriyoni 4.6 apfuura.
Kuedza dzidziso iyi, masayendisiti akamboongorora isotopic 'fingerprint' yemachunks eC-type asteroids akawira pasi semvura-yakapfuma carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Kana reshiyo yehydrogen nedeuterium mumvura yemeteorite yakaenzana neyemvura yepasi, masayendisiti aigona kugumisa kuti C-type meteorites ndiyo ingangove yaibva.
Mhedzisiro yacho yanga isina kunyatsojeka-yakatemwa. Nepo mamwe mameteorites akapfuma-mvura 'deuterium/hydrogen zvigunwe zvakanyatsoenderana nemvura yePasi, vazhinji havana. Paavhareji, zvigunwe zvemvura zvemeteorite izvi hazvina kuenderana nemvura inowanikwa mujasi rePasi nemakungwa. Pane kudaro, Pasi rine zvakasiyana, zvishoma zvakareruka isotopic zvigunwe.
Mune mamwe mazwi, nepo imwe yemvura yePasi inofanira kunge yakabva kuC-type meteorites, Nyika inoumba inofanira kunge yakagamuchira mvura kubva kune imwezve isotopically-light source yakabva kune imwe nzvimbo muSolar System.
Chikwata chinotungamirwa neYunivhesiti yeGlasgow chakashandisa chirongwa chekuongorora chekucheka-cheka chinonzi atomu probe tomography kuongorora sampuli kubva kune imwe mhando yedombo remuchadenga rinozivikanwa seS-type asteroid, iyo inotenderera pedyo nezuva kupfuura C-mhando. Masamples avakaongorora akabva kune asteroid inonzi Itokawa, iyo yakatorwa neJapan space probe Hayabusa ndokudzokera kuPasi muna 2010.
Atomu probe tomography yakagonesa timu kuyera chimiro cheatomu chezviyo atomu imwe panguva uye kuona mamorekuru emvura. Zvavakawana zvinoratidza kuti huwandu hwemvura hwakagadzirwa pazasi pezviyo zvakakura kubva kuItokawa nemamiriro ekunze.
Solar system yekutanga yaive nzvimbo ine huruva zvakanyanya, ichipa mukana wakawanda wemvura wekugadzirwa pasi pevhu remuchadenga. Iri guruva rine mvura, vaongorori vanoti, ringadai rakanaya paNyika yekutanga padivi peC-type asteroids sechikamu chekuendeswa kwemakungwa ePasi.
Dr Luke Daly, veYunivhesiti yeGlasgow's Chikoro cheGeographical and Earth Sayenzi, ndiye munyori mukuru webepa. Dr Daly vakati: “Mhepo dzezuva ihova zhinji dzehydrogen nehelium ion dzinoyerera dzichibva kuZuva dzichienda muchadenga. Apo maioni iwayo ehydrogen anorova nzvimbo isina mhepo seasteroid kana kuti guruva rinobva muchadenga, anopinza makumi mashoma emananometer pasi pepamusoro, apo anogona kutapura kuumbwa kwekemikari yedombo. Nekufamba kwenguva, iyo 'space weathering' maitiro eiyo hydrogen ion inogona kuburitsa maatomu eokisijeni akakwana kubva muzvinhu zviri mudombo kugadzira H.2O - mvura - yakavharirwa mukati memaminerari pane asteroid.
"Chakanyanya kukosha, iyi mvura yezuva inotorwa nemhepo inogadzirwa nekutanga solar system ine isotopically chiedza. Ikoko kunokarakadza zvakasimba kuti huruva yakatsetseka, yakarohwa nemhepo yezuva ndokukweverwa kuNyika inoumbwa mabhiriyoni amakore apfuura, inogona kuva manyuko edziva risipo remvura yapasi.”
Prof. Phil Bland, John Curtin Anoremekedzwa Purofesa paSchool of Earth and Planetary Sciences paCurtin University uye mumwe munyori webepa racho akati "Atom probe tomography inotiita kuti titarise zvakadzama mukati me50 nanometers ekutanga kana kupfuura pamusoro. yeguruva zviyo paItokawa, iyo inotenderera zuva mumwedzi gumi nemisere. Kwakatibvumira kuona kuti ichi chimedu chemupendero wemuchadenga chaiva nemvura yakakwana zvokuti, kana tikaikwidza, yaizosvika anenge malita 18 pacubic meter imwe neimwe yedombo.”
Mumwe munyori anonzi Prof. Michelle Thompson weDhipatimendi rePasi, Atmospheric, uye Planetary Sciences paPurdue University akawedzera kuti: “Ndiyo rudzi rwekuyera kwaisazokwanisika dai pasina teknolojia inoshamisa iyi. Zvinotipa muono wakatanhamara wekuti guruva diki rinoyangarara muchadenga ringatibatsira sei kudzikamisa mabhuku eiyo isotopic kuumbwa kwemvura yePasi, uye kutipa zvitsva zvingabatsira kugadzirisa chakavanzika chekwakabva.
Vatsvakurudzi vakanyatsocherechedza kuti migumisiro yekuedza kwavo yakanga yakarurama, vachiita mimwe miedzo nezvimwe zvinyorwa kuti vaone migumisiro yavo.
Dr Daly vakawedzera kuti: "Atomu yekuferefeta tomography system paCurtin University ndeyepasi rose, asi yanga isati yamboshandiswa pakuongorora hydrogen yataiita pano. Taida kuva nechokwadi chekuti maresults ataiona aive echokwadi. Ndakapa mhedzisiro yedu yekutanga pamusangano weLunar uye Planetary Science muna 2018, uye ndikabvunza kana paine vatinoshanda navo varipo vangatibatsira kusimbisa zvatakawana nemasampuli avo. Kuti tifare, vatinoshanda navo paNASA Johnson Space Center uye University of Hawai'i kuMānoa, Purdue, Virginia neNorthern Arizona Universities, Idaho neSandia national marabhoritari ose akazvipira kubatsira. Vakatipa masampuli emaminerari akafanana akaiswa helium uye deuterium panzvimbo yehydrogen, uye kubva paatomu probe mhedzisiro yezvinhu izvo zvakakurumidza kuve pachena kuti izvo zvatakanga tichiona muItokawa zvaive kunze kwenyika.
"Vashandi vakapa rutsigiro rwavo patsvagurudzo iyi vanotoita boka rezviroto zvemamiriro ekunze, saka tinofara neumbowo hwatakaunganidza. Kwaigona kuzarura suo rokunzwisiswa kuri nani zvikuru kwokuti Solar System yapakuvamba yairatidzika sei uye kuti Pasi nenyanza dzaro zvakaumbwa sei.”
Purofesa John Bradley, weYunivhesiti yeHawai'i kuMānoa, Honolulu, munyori pamwe chete wepepa racho, akawedzera kuti: Munguva ichangopfuura semakore gumi apfuura, pfungwa yokuti kupenya kwemhepo yezuva kunokosha kune mavambo emvura mumhepo yezuva. , zvisinganyanyi kukosha kumakungwa ePasi, zvingadai zvakagamuchirwa nokusava nechokwadi. Nokuratidza kekutanga kuti mvura inogadzirwa in-situ pamusoro peasteroid, chidzidzo chedu chinovaka pamusoro pekuunganidza humwe uchapupu hwokuti kupindirana kwemhepo yezuva neokisijeni-rich dust grains zvechokwadi inobudisa mvura.
"Sezvo guruva rakanga rakawanda mukati mezuva rezuva risati ratanga kukwira kweplanetesimal rakavhenekerwa zvisingadzivisiki, mvura inogadzirwa nemuchina uyu inoenderana nemabviro emvura mumapuraneti uye pamwe nekuumbwa kwe isotopic yemakungwa ePasi."
Kufungidzira kwavo kuti ikawanda sei mvura inogona kunge iri munzvimbo ine mamiriro ekunze inoratidza nzira iyo vaongorori venzvimbo yenguva yemberi vanogona kugadzira mvura pane chero mapuraneti anoita kunge akaoma.
Mumwe munyori anonzi Purofesa Hope Ishii wepaYunivhesiti yeHawai'i kuMānoa akati: “Rimwe rematambudziko ekuongorora muchadenga kwevanhu munguva yemberi inzira iyo vazivi vemuchadenga vachawana mvura yakakwana kuti varambe vari vapenyu uye kuita mabasa avo pasina kuitakura parwendo rwavo. .
"Isu tinofunga zvine musoro kufunga kuti nzvimbo imwechete yemamiriro ekunze iyo yakagadzira mvura paItokawa ichave yakaitika kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe kune dzakawanda nyika dzisina mweya seMwedzi kana asteroid Vesta. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuti vanoongorora muchadenga vangangokwanisa kugadzira mitsva yemvura kubva muguruva riri pamusoro penyika. Zvinofadza kufunga kuti magadzirirwo akaitwa mapuraneti anogona kubatsira kutsigira upenyu hwevanhu sezvatinosvika kunze kwePasi.”
Dr Daly vakawedzera kuti: “Chirongwa cheNASA cheArtemis chiri kutanga kugadzira hwaro hwechigarire paMwedzi. Kana nzvimbo yemwedzi iine dziva remvura rakafanana rakacheneswa nemhepo yezuva iyi tsvakiridzo yakafumurwa paItokawa, inomiririra chinhu chikuru uye chakakosha chekubatsira mukuzadzisa chinangwa ichocho. "
Bepa rechikwata ichi, rakanzi 'Solar Wind Contribution's to the Earth's Oceans', rinoburitswa mu Nature Astronomy.
Vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeGlasgow, Curtin University, University of Sydney, University of Oxford, University of Hawai'i kuMānoa, Natural History Museum, Idha National Laboratory, Lockheed Martin, Sandia National Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Yunivhesiti yeVirginia, Northern Arizona University nePurdue University vese vakapa pepa.
