Makore angada kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri apfuura kubvira Kaputeni Charles Bartlett, akamira mumachira ake pabhiriji rechikepe chikuru pasi rose, HMHS Britannic, akapa nhare yekusiya ngarava.
Dzakanga dziri 8.35am musi waMbudzi 21 1916. Iyo ina-funnel ocean liner, yakavakwa kuti ive yakatokura uye yakachengeteka kupfuura “isinganyurike” Titanic, hanzvadzi yake yakarwara, yakanga ichinyora nokukurumidza. Bartlett aiziva kuti ngarava yacho yaizoparara, asi mangwanani aya akadzikama zvaityisa sezvayaifamba kunotora mauto akanga akuvadzwa muhondo yenyika yokutanga muBalkans, iye kana boka revashandi vake hapana aigona kufungidzira kuti ngarava yacho yaizoburuka sei.
Kuputika uku kwakaitika nenguva dza8.12am, kuchiita kubvunda kukuru kuburikidza nechikepe chegargantuan, chichikuvadza uta hwayo sezvayaifamba ichipfuura chitsuwa cheGreece cheKea. Maminitsi makumi mashanu neshanu gare gare, iyo 269-metres (883ft) "wonder ship" yakaisa nyeredzi pasi pasi pegungwa.
Ikoko Britannic, iyo yakatangwa muna Kukadzi 1914 paBelfast, uye, gore rakatevera, yakashandiswa sechikepe chechipatara chenguva yehondo kekutanga, yaizogara pakadzika kwemamita zana nemakumi maviri nemaviri (122ft), isina kubatika uye kukanganikwa, kusvika yave. yakawanikwa nemuongorori Jacques Cousteau, muna 400.
Zvino, chakavanzika, uye kukakavara kwakaputira chikepe ichi - icho chakanyura nekukurumidza chichienzaniswa ne160 kana maminetsi akatorwa neTitanic - anogona kusimudzwa munguva pfupi.
Pane zvirongwa zvekushandura kuparara kwechikepe kuita inoshamisa yepasi pemvura museum. Nzvimbo yayo, iyo kusvika zvino yave ichingoonekwa nevashoma vevakawanda, ichavhurwa kune vashanyi. Chinangwa ndechekuti nzendo dzekutanga muma submersibles dzitange zhizha rinotevera.
Zvinoshamisa intact
Simon Mills, munyori wenhoroondo dzemugungwa wekuBritain akatenga kuputsikirwa kwechikepe kubva kuhurumende yeUK muna 1996 uye akaronga chirongwa chepasi pemvura nevakuru veGreece, akaudza The Guardian kuti: “Chirongwa chedu ndechekutanga nezvitatu-kana zvina pasi pemvura. Iyo Titanic iri mumvura inotonhora yekuchamhembe kweAtlantic uye iri kukurumidza kuparara nekuda kwebhakitiriya inodya iron, mumazana mashoma emakore kuchave kushoma kwazvo kunozivikanwa. Asi Britannic yakasiyana zvachose. Anorara mumvura inodziya, akanyatsochengetedzwa uye anoshamisa akasimba. Kwenguva yakareba akavharwa nehanzvadzi yake asi iye anewo nyaya yake yekutaura. "
Vashoma vane ruzivo rwekutanga rwenguva dzekupedzisira dzenyaya iyoyo kunze kwevanhu veKea, avo vakamhanyira mumagwa ekuredza kuti vanunure vanachiremba 1,036, vanamukoti nevashandi vakawirwa nenjodzi.
Mutevedzeri wameya wechitsuwa chacho, Giorgos Euyenikos, akati: “Munhu wose ari pano anoziva nezvezvakaitika mangwanani iwayo nokuti mhuri imwe neimwe neimwe nzira yaibatanidzwa. Apo ngarava yakaburuka pakava nokutinhira kukuru uye vagari vomunzvimbomo vakamhanyira kunzvimbo yakakwirira zvikuru yechitsuwa kunoona chakanga chichiitika.
"Baba vangu vaiva mukomana pazvakaitika uye vanoyeuka baba vavo vachiyeuka kuchema kwevanhu vaichema nekurwadziwa kukuru pavakasangana nerufu rwavo." Asi, kusiyana nekurasikirwa kukuru kwehupenyu paTitanic, vanhu makumi matatu chete paBritannic vakaparara, pamwe nekuti ngarava yaive parwendo rwekunze uye isina kutakura chero varwere.
Asi yaive mafambiro ekufa aya akasiyanisa Britannic. Sezvo Bartlett aiedza kufambisa liner mushure mekunge kuputika kwaita maburi ngarava, zvikepe zviviri zvekununura vanhu zvakanga zvadzikiswa asingazive zvakabva zvapinzwa mumapurepele engarava akanga achiri kuputika uye akabvaruka nepakati. Vose vaiva muzvikepe zvokununura vanhu vakafa.
Chiitiko ichi, chakatsanangurwa zvakadzama naViolet Jessop, mukoti weAnglo-Irish uyo akapona nenzira inoshamisa pakunyura kweTitanic, akashungurudza avo vakazviona.
Kupisa mapropeller
“Hapana kana shoko, kana pfuti yakanzwika, mazana evarume aingotizira mugungwa sokunge ari kubva kumuvengi ari kudzingirira,” akanyora kudaro Jessop muzvinyorwa zvake, zvakabudiswa muna 1997. “Ndakatendeuka kuti ndione chikonzero cheizvi. exodus, uye, zvakandityisa, ndakaona mapropeller mahombe eBritannic achifamba-famba uye achichera zvese zviri pedyo nawo - varume, magwa uye zvese zvaingova chamupupuri chimwe chinotyisa."
Vashanu chete veava vanyajambwa veBritannic vakambowanwa.
Mills akataura kuti achirangarira avo vakanga vafira mungarava, ngwariro chaiyo yaizoitwa kuchengetedza perero yepakaparara.
“Chirongwa ichi hachizi chekushanyirwa chete asiwo chedzidzo, kuchengetedza neruzivo rwezvakacherwa mugungwa,” vakadaro.
Mills anotarisirawo kudzima dzimwe dze "ngano" dzagara dzichitenderera Britannic, kusanganisira kutaura kwevanofungidzira kurangana kuti pamusoro pekutakura vanhu vakakuvara ngarava yaive yakatakurawo zvechiuto kumauto eAllied kuMiddle East.
Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawedzera kukakavara nekuramba vachiti ngarava yacho yakanga ine torpedo, pasinei neongororo dze sonar scan yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura sa2003 iyo yakasimbisa chitendero chokuti liner yakaburuswa nemugodhi wakaiswa neU-boat yeGermany.
"Mhepfenyuro zhinji dzenguva yehondo dziripo nanhasi, kwete kupomerwa kweGerman kuti Britannic yanga ichishandiswa zvisizvo semutakuri wemauto paakadzika," akadaro Mills. "Hapana humbowo hunoratidza kuti ndizvo zvakaitika, uye tinovimba kuti munguva pfupi inotevera ngano idzi dzicharadzikwawo."
Backstory
Iyo Britannic yakavambwa muna 1914, yechitatu yeOlympic-class ocean liners yakavakwa neWhite Star Line paHarland neWolf's Belfast shipyard. Hukuru hwayo uye humbozha hwaive hwakadaro pakutanga yaizonzi Gigantic. Mutsetse wacho wakagadzira patsva ngarava yacho kuti igadzirise kuremara kwakanga kwaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mukunyura kweTitanic, muna 1912. Zvakaziviswa kuti Britannic yaizofamba nenzira yeSouthampton kuenda kuNew York yakatakura zviuru zvevatorwa vachienda kunyika itsva. Asi hondo yenyika yekutanga yakapindira uye, yakumbirwa neBritish Navy, Britannic panzvimbo pacho yakatanga kutakura vakakuvara kubva kumushandirapamwe weGallipoli nemamwe mativi kuMiddle East. Akanga ari parwendo rwake rwokunze rwechitanhatu pakaitika njodzi musi waNovember 21 1916 uye chikepe chakanyura kubva kuKea, chitsuwa chiri pedyo neAthens. Kukakavadzana kwagara kuchipisa pamusoro pekuti ngarava yakarohwa nemugodhi here kana kuti torpedo. Vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotenda kuti yakarwiswa nokuti yakanga yakatakura zvombo uye yakangopfeka sechikepe chechipatara.
