Ndeipi njodzi yakakura kubata Coronavirus mundege? Chakavanzika cheIATA

The International Mhepo Yekufambisa Sangano (IATA) yakaratidza kuderera kwezviitiko zve inflight COVID-19 kutapurirana pamwe neyakavandudzwa tally yemakesi akaburitswa. Kubva kutanga kwe 2020 pave paine 44 kesi dze Covid-19 yakashumwa umo kutapurirana kunofungidzirwa kuve kwakabatana nerwendo rwekubhururuka (inosanganisira yakasimbiswa, ingangoita uye ingangoitika kesi). Munguva imwecheteyo vamwe mabhiriyoni 1.2 vafambi vakafamba.

“Njodzi yemunhu anokwira kondirakiti ye COVID-19 apo ari muchikepe inoratidzika kunge yakaderera zvikuru. Iine makumi mana nemana chete akacherekedzwa angangoitika emakesi ekufambisa ane chekuita nendege pakati pevane 44 bhiriyoni vafambi, ndiyo imwe nyaya kune vese mamirioni makumi maviri nemaviri vafambi. Isu tinoziva kuti izvi zvinogona kunge zviri zvisingakoshe asi kunyangwe kana 1.2% yemakesi anga asina kutaurwa, ichave iri nyaya imwechete kune vese mamirioni 27 vafambi. Isu tinofunga idzi nhamba dzinosimbisa zvakanyanya. Zvakare, huwandu hwakawanda hwenyaya dzakaburitswa dzakaitika kusati kwazara kwekufuka kumeso, ”akadaro Dr. David Powell, Medical Advisor weIATA. 

Nzwisiso nyowani yekuti nei huwandu hwacho hwakadzikira zvikuru yakabva kubhuku rakabatanidzwa neAirbus, Boeing uye Embraer yekutsvagurudza kwakapatsanurwa komputa fluid dynamics (CFD) inoitiswa nemumwe mugadziri mundege yavo. Kunyange nzira dzakasiyana zvishoma, yega yega simulation yakasimbisa kuti nendege mamhepo masystem anodzora mafambiro ezvimedu mukabhini, zvichidzikamisa kupararira kwemavhairasi. Dhata kubva mukuenzanisa kwakaburitsa zvakafanana mhedzisiro: 
 

• Ndege kufefetera masisitimu, Mahara Ekubudirira Particulate Mhepo (HEPA) mafirita, iyo yakasarudzika chipingamupinyi chechigaro chemberi, kudzikira kwemhepo, uye yakakwira mareti ekuchinjana kwemhepo zvinobudirira zvinoderedza njodzi yekupararira kwezvirwere mubhodhi munguva dzakajairika.
   
• Kuwedzeredzwa kwemask-kupfeka pakati pezvinetso zvehosha kunowedzera kumwe uye kwakanyanya kuwanda kwechengetedzo, izvo zvinoita kuti ugare padyo nepadyo mune imwe kabhini yendege yakachengeteka kupfuura dzimwe nharaunda zhinji dzemukati.

Data Collection

Kuunganidzwa kwedata reIATA, uye mhedzisiro yemitambo yakasarudzika, inowirirana nenhamba shoma dzakataurwa muchidzidzo chakaburitswa nevezera naFreedman naWilder-Smith mu Zvinyorwa zveKufamba Mushonga. Kunyangwe pasina nzira yekumisikidza chaiyo tally yemakesi ane chekuita nendege, kusvika kweIATA kunhandare nendege nezviremera zvehutano zvevanhu zvakasangana nekuwongorora kwakakwana kwemabhuku aripo hakuna kupa chiratidzo chekuti kutapurirana kuri munzira kune chero nzira yakajairika kana yakapararira. Kupfuurirazve, iyo Freedman / Wilder-Smith yekudzidza inonongedza kushanda kwemask-kupfeka mukuwedzera kudzikisira njodzi.

Yakatemerwa Maitiro eDziviriro Matanho

Kupfeka maski mubhodhi kwakakurudzirwa neIATA munaChikumi uye chinhu chinodiwa pazvinhu zvakawanda nendege kubva pakazoburitswa nekumisikidzwa kweTakeoff Guidance neInternational Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). Iyi nhungamiro inowedzera akati wandei marongero ekudzivirira pamusoro peyemhepo mafirowa masisitimu ayo anotove nechokwadi chechengetedzo kabhini nharaunda ine yakadzika kwazvo njodzi yekufashukira hutachiona

 "Nhungamiro yakazara yeICAO yekufamba nendege yakachengeteka pakati penjodzi yeCOVID-19 inovimba nemativi mazhinji ekudzivirira, ayo anosanganisira nhandare pamwe nendege. Kupfeka-mask ndeimwe yeanooneka kwazvo. Asi mutsara wakarongedzwa, kusagadziriswa kubata, kudzikiswa kufamba mukabhini, uye kurerukirwa pamabhodhi masevhisi zviri pakati pezviyero zvakawanda zviri kutorwa neindasitiri yekuvhiya kuti irambe ichibhururuka yakachengeteka. Uye izvi zviri pamusoro pekuti mafambisirwo emweya akagadzirirwa kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere nemhepo yakakwira yekuyerera uye nemitengo yekutsinhana kwemhepo, uye kusefa kwakanyanya kwechero mweya wakadzokororwa, "akadaro Powell.

Ndege dhizaini hunhu inowedzera imwezve dziviriro yekudzivirira inobatsira kune yakaderera chiitiko chekuperesa kufambisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
 

• Kusinganisike kusangana-kumeso kusangana sekunge vafambi vakatarisana kumberi uye vanofamba zvishoma zvishoma
• Mhedzisiro yechigaro-chekumashure ichiita sechipingamupinyi chemuviri pakufamba kwemhepo kubva pamutsara kuenda kune mumwe
• Iko kudzikisira kwekumberi-aft kuyerera kwemhepo, iine chikamu chakayerera kuyerera dhizaini iyo inotungamirwa kazhinji pasi pasi kubva padenga kusvika pasi 
• Iyo yakakwira mwero wemhepo nyowani unouya mukamuri. Mhepo inochinjaniswa kanokwana makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu paawa pane imwe ndege, inofananidzwa zvakanyanya neavhareji hofisi nzvimbo (avhareji 20-30 nguva paawa) kana zvikoro (avhareji kagumi kusvika gumi paawa).
• Iko kushandiswa kweHEPA mafirita ane anopfuura 99.9% mabhakitiriya / hutachiona hwekubvisa mwero kuona kuti mweya inopinda mukabhini haisi nzira yekuunza hutachiona.

Mugadziri Zvidzidzo

Iko kudyidzana kweaya magadzirirwo ezvinhu mukugadzira iyo yakasarudzika ine njodzi-nharaunda yakange yanzwisisika asi isina kumbotariswa pamberi peCFD simulation nevakagadziri vatatu vakuru mune imwe neimwe yemakamuri avo enendege. Izvi zvinotevera zvakakosha kubva kutsvagurudzo yevagadziri:

Airbus

Airbus yakashandisa CFD kugadzira kuenzanisa kwakaringana kwemhepo mune yeA320 kabhini, kuona kuti madonhwe anokonzerwa nekukosora anofamba sei mukati mekamuri yemhepo. Iwo simulation akaverenga parameter senge yekumhanyisa mhepo, mafambiro uye tembiricha pamamirioni makumi mashanu emapoinzi mukabhini, kusvika ka50 1,000 nguva pasekondi.

Airbus yakazoshandisa maturusi akafanana kuenzanisira nharaunda isiri yendege, nevanhu vakati wandei vachichengeta mamaira matanhatu (1.8 metres) pakati pavo. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti mukana wekuratidzira waive wakadzikira kana wakagara padivi padivi nendege pane kana uchigara tsoka nhanhatu munzvimbo yakadai sehofisi, mukirasi kana kuchitoro. 

"Mushure mekuwandisa, kwakadzama-kufananidzwa tichishandisa nzira dzakarurama kwazvo dzesainzi dziripo, tine dhata rekongiri iro rinoratidza kuti kabhini yendege inopa nharaunda yakachengeteka zvakanyanya kupfuura nzvimbo dzeruzhinji dzevanhu," akadaro Bruno Fargeon, Airbus Engineering uye mutungamiri weAirbus Keep Trust. muKufamba Kwemhepo Initiative. "Nzira inotenderera mweya, inosvinwa nekutsiviwa nendege inogadzira nharaunda yakasarudzika yekuti unodzivirirwa wakagara padivi nedivi sezvaungaita wakamira tsoka nhanhatu pasi."

Boeing

Vachishandisa CFD, vaongorori veBoeing vakateedzera mashongedzero kubva pakukosora nekufema kutenderera mukamuri re ndege Zviitiko zvakasiyana zvakadzidzwa kusanganisira wekukosora mutakuri ane uye asina chifukidzo, mutakuri wekukosora ari muzvigaro zvakasiyana kusanganisira chigaro chepakati, uye misiyano yakasiyana yevatakuri 'mumwe neumwe wepamusoro wedenga mhepo (anozivikanwa sevanopusha) kuvhura nekudzima.

"Iyi modelling yakaratidza huwandu hwezvikosoro zvakapinda munzvimbo yekufema yevamwe vafambi", akadaro Dan Freeman, mainjiniya weBoing's Confident Travel Initiative. “Takazoenzanisa mamiriro akafanana mune dzimwe nharaunda, senge imba yemusangano yemahofisi. Zvichienderana nehuremu hwemhepo, vafambi vakagara padhuze nepadenga mundiro zvakangofanana nekumira kwemamita anopfuura maviri (kana mita mbiri) munzvimbo yakajairika yechivakwa. "

Embraer

Uchishandisa CFD, kabhini yemhepo kuyerera uye yemadonhwe ekupararira mamodheru akaverengerwa mune yakazara-chiyero kabhini kuyedza nharaunda, Embraer akaongorora iyo kabhodhi nharaunda achifunga munhu anokosora mufesi muzvigaro zvakasiyana uye nemhepo inoyerera mamiriro mune yedu ndege dzakasiyana kuyera izvi zvakasiyana uye zvazvinoita. Iyo yekutsvagira Embraer yakapedzisa inoratidza kuti njodzi yekutapurirana mubhodhi yakanyanya kuderera, uye iyo chaiyo data pane -yendege kufambisa iyo inogona kunge yakaitika, inotsigira izvi zvakawanikwa. 

Luis Carlos Affonso, Mutevedzeri Wemutungamiri weEngineering, Technology uye Strategic, Embraer, akati, “Vanhu vanoda kufamba, kubatana, uye kuona vatinoda havana kunyangarika. Muchokwadi, panguva dzakadai, tinoda mhuri dzedu neshamwari kunyanya. Mharidzo yedu nhasi ndeyekuti nekuda kwetekinoroji nemaitiro ari munzvimbo, unogona kubhururuka zvakachengeteka - rese ongororo inoratidza izvi. Kutaura zvazviri, kabhini kendege kekutengesa ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzinowanikwa chero kupi muhosha iyi. ” 

Kudzivirirwa nguva dzose kunonyanya kukoshesa

Uku kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kubatana pamwe nekuzvipira kuchengetedzwa kwevose vanobatanidzwa mukutakura nendege uye zvinopa humbowo hwekuti kabhini mweya wakachengeteka. 

Ndege inowana mukurumbira wayo pakuchengeteka nendege imwe neimwe. Izvi hazvina kusiyana nekubhururuka munguva yeCOVID-19. Ongororo ichangoburwa yeIATA yakawana kuti 86% yevafambi vachangopfuura vakafunga kuti maindasitiri eECVID-19 matanho aivachengetedza uye akaitwa mushe. 

“Hapana kana chidimbu chimwe chete chesirivheri chinotigonesa kurarama nekufamba zvakanaka munguva ye COVID-19. Asi kusanganiswa kwezviyero zviri kuiswa munzvimbo iyi kunosimbisa vafambi pasi rese kuti COVID-19 haina kukunda kwavo rusununguko rwekubhururuka. Hapana chinhu chisina njodzi zvachose. Asi nenyaya makumi mana nemana chete dzakaburitswa dzekupararira kweECVID-44 pakati pevane 19 bhiriyoni, mukana wekutapukirwa nehutachiona huri muchikamu chimwe chete nekurohwa nemheni, "akadaro Alexandre de Juniac, Director General weIATA uye IATA. .

“Ruzivo rwakadzama rwekushomeka kwemvura yemuchina wevagadziri vendege zvinoratidza kuti kusanganisa maficha enhandare aripo pamwe nekupfeka chifukidzo kunogadzira nharaunda ine njodzi shoma yekutapurirana kweECVID-19. Semazuva ese, ndege, vagadziri pamwe nechero chikamu chinobata nendege chichafambiswa nesainzi nemaitiro epasirese epasi kuti ndege dzichengeteke dzakachengeteka kune vafambi nevashandi, "akadaro de Juniac.