Iyo yazvino maitiro eco-tourism iri kunze kwenyika… uye iko kukona chaiko.
Kufamba kwechinyakare kwekutengeserana kuenda kunze kungangove kwakajairika muna 2012, sechizvarwa chinotevera chezvikepe - chakagadzirwa nemafemu akazvimirira seVirgin Galactic, Orbital Sciences Corp., Space Exploration Technologies Corp. nemamwe - kutakura vanhu vari kutsvaga mafambiro kuenda. low-Earth orbit.
Ikoko, ivo vanogona kuona zuva richibuda kakawanda pazuva, uye vanonzwa kufemeruka kutenderedza kwePasi iyo chete vazivi venyeredzi veNASA vakaita saNeil Armstrong kana Buzz Aldrin vakamboona. Kana vachida kuwedzera nguva yavo yekugara, vanogona kupinda muhotera yesolar system yekutanga inotenderera, The Galactic Space Suite Hotel, ichavhurwa mumakore matatu.
"Kune mamwe mapurojekiti akadai ari kuitika kupfuura anotozivikanwa nenyanzvi," Doug Raybeck, purofesa wemangwana uye purofesa ari kubuda paHamilton College muNew York, anoudza FoxNews.com. "Kune vanhu vazhinji vari kugadzira tekinoroji iyi pasi pe radar uye vanoida saizvozvo."
Sezvo NASA ichibvisa zvikepe zvayo zvemuchadenga mumakore anotevera, zvikepe zvechizvarwa chinotevera zvichatangawo kuyedza sainzi nemasatelliti muchadenga, kana kuInternational Space Station (ISS).
Heino ingori sampuli yeinocheka-kumucheto spacecraft:
• WhiteKnightTwo inotakura jet-powered iyo ichavhura SpaceShipTwo spacecraft; mota mbiri idzi dzinogadzira nhanho mbiri-yakarongedzwa system yekumisikidza, uye Billionaire Richard Branson's Mhandara Galactic atoraira vaviri veWhiteKnightTwos. Zvikepe zvichaumba hwaro hweVirgin Galactic's suborbital fleet, iyo ichachaja vashanyi venzvimbo madhora mazana maviri ezviuru nemusoro kune 200,000-awa yemuchadenga. Masevhisi ekutanga achashanda kubva kuSpaceport America muNew Mexico, kunyangwe mamwe maspaceports anogona kuvhura muUK kana Sweden.
• The Dragon, chitundumuseremusere chisingabhadhare, chinogona kushandiswazve chiri kugadzirwa neSpaceX yechirongwa cheNASA cheCommercial Orbital Transportation Services. Yakagadzirwa muna 2005, Dragon spacecraft ine yakamanikidzwa capsule yevashandi uye trunk isina kumanikidzwa yekutakura zvinhu.
• The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle ndicho chizvarwa cheNASA chechizvarwa chinotevera. Ichatakura vashandi kuenda nekubva kuInternational Space Station, mwedzi neMars uye iri kuvandudzwa naLockheed-Martin uye Orbital Sciences Corp.
Humwe ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, ruchiri muchikamu chepfungwa, hunotonyanya kushamisa, kusanganisira zvitundumuseremusere zvinofambiswa ne“solar sails,” izvo zvinoshandisa mhepo yezuva kuti ifambe pakati pemapoka enyeredzi akaparadzana kwemakore ane chiuru chechiedza. Kufamba nendege kwechiuru chemakore kungaite sekusina musoro, asi masayendisiti eroketi ane mhinduro kune izvozvo, zvakare. Zvimwe pamusoro pechinyorwa ichocho muminiti.
"Vanamuzvinabhizimusi vetekinoroji ava vave kuda kugadzira hupfumi hutsva, sezvakaita Bill Gates nePC kuma1980s," anodaro Patricia Hynes, director weNASA New Mexico Space Grant Consortium, uye murongi wemusangano wepagore wenzvimbo yekutengeserana. ndege, ichangobva kuitika muLas Cruces, NM
Iyo Burgeoning Indasitiri
Space buffs vakataura nezvenzvimbo yekutengeserana kwemakumi emakore; Mutungamiri Reagan vaive nehofisi yenzvimbo yekutengeserana muDhipatimendi ravo reCommerce makore makumi maviri apfuura. Asi zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvakasangana, zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, kuita kuti zviono zvive chinhu chinogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza.
Chekutanga, nyanzvi dzinoudza FoxNews.com, zvishandiso zvitsva uye matekinoroji emuchadenga ari kugonesa vanogadzira kuvaka izvi spacecraft zvakachipa kupfuura kare. Zvadaro, hurumende yemubatanidzwa - yakatarisana nechikwereti chisati chamboitika kubva kumashandisirwo ekusimudzira kwehutongi hwaObama - haitomboda nezve mari yezviroto zveNASA.
Kuti hurongwa hwayo hwenguva refu hurambe huchienderera mberi, sangano remuchadenga riri kushanda zvakanyanya mukubatana nemafemu akazvimirira, anogona kushandisa mari kubva kumabhanga ekudyara mari kuti awane mota dzekutanga nezvitundumuseremusere zvichienda nekukurumidza uye zvakachipa kupfuura hurumende. “Chinhu chakanyanya kungwara chavamboita ndechekusvika kune vebhizinesi,” anodaro Raybeck, nyanzvi yezvenguva yemberi. "Mune mari mukati mavo imomo zvikomo."
Izvi zvakapa US "makore mashanu ekutungamira kuChina, nedzimwe nyika, maererano neindasitiri yezvokutengeserana yemuchadenga," anodaro Hynes. "Havagone kukwikwidza nesu tekinoroji, mune zvemari kana maererano nehurongwa hwemitemo."
Iyo federal regulatory factor yakabuda, pachena, kekutanga pa60th International Astronautical Conference muSouth Korea. Iyo Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), iyo hurumende yeUS iyo inodzora ndege dzendege, yave kupomerwa mhosva yekupa marezinesi makambani ekuvhura nzvimbo muUS.
George Nield, mubatsiri maneja weFAA, chirongwa chekufambisa kwemuchadenga, akataura pachiratidziro nezvemitemo mitsva iyi.
“Ino inguva inonakidza kwazvo yekufambisa munzvimbo dzekutengeserana. Kune dzimwe shanduko dzinoshamisa uye dzinosvika kure dziri kuuya. Kusvika panguva ino, masangano ehurumende akatonga kuedza kwevanhu kubhururuka muchadenga. Mumakore mashoma anotevera, ndinotarisira kuti indasitiri yakazvimirira ichaita basa rakakosha mukubhururuka kwepasi-Earth uye suborbital space yendege,” Nield akaudza vaive pamusangano. “Izvi zvinoda rezenisi rekutanga kubva kuhofisi yedu kuFAA. Tave pachikumbaridzo chenguva itsva mukufambisa kwemuchadenga…suborbital space tourism.”
Iyo FAA iri kushanda ne "hafu gumi nemaviri emakambani emuchadenga" pane izvi izvozvi, Nield anoratidza. Pachave ne "mazana" enzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzinotangwa gore rega rega mumakore anotevera, anowedzera, uye izvo "zvichachinja nzira yatinofunga nezvechadenga."
Ichandidyira Marii?
Sekureva kwemutungamiri weMhandara Galactic, Will Whitehorn, kambani yake iri kuronga kutakura vanhu muorbit kaviri pazuva kana ichishanda mumakore anotevera. "Ichi chichava chiitiko chehupenyu hwavo," Whitehorn anoratidza. Mazana evanhu vakatobhuka ndege dzekutanga paMhandara.
Pakutanga, kushanya kuchadhura zvakanyanya, kutenderedza $200,000 pamutyairi. "Asi mitengo ichadzikira," John Lindner, purofesa wefizikisi paKoreji yeWooster muOhio, anoudza FoxNews.com. "Uye masevhisi achashanduka."
Semuyenzaniso, vafambi vanogona kuenda kunoshanyira asteroids, anofungidzira injiniya wemuchadenga Greg Matloff, purofesa paThe City College yeNew York, muhurukuro neFoxNews.com. "Asi kune interstellar, uye inter-solar system yekufamba, uchafanirwa kushandisa zviwanikwa zvesolar system kuti ishande," Matloff anodaro.
Matloff anofunga kuti aya maseiri ezuva anogona kugadzirwa kubva nano-tekinoroji yaizonyudza mhepo yezuva uye gamma mwaranzi yesimba. Kuenda kune rimwe boka renyeredzi kwaizova kwakaoma zvikuru, zvisinei. Marobhoti aizofanira kufambisa ngarava, sezvo rwendo rwacho rwaizotora makore anopfuura 1,000 XNUMX. Kuti vanhu vatore rwendo rwakadaro, vaizofanira kutanga semazygotes akaomeswa nechando, anodaro Matloff, uye oita kuti vararame sezvo chitundumuseremusere chinenge chaswedera kwachaienda.
Mafemu eAmerica haasiriwo ega ari kuongorora tekinoroji iyi niche, kunyangwe vachiita kunge vane kutungamira kukuru ikozvino. MaRussia nemaFrench vari kutarisa ramangwana rekutengesa nzvimbo yekufambisa zvakare. Mario Delepine, mutauriri weParisian commercial launch company Arianespace, anoudza FoxNews.com kuti femu yake yatove "kutanga kufunga nezvechizvarwa chinotevera chekugadzira tekinoroji. Izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zvagadzirira panosvika 2025, zvishoma. "
Kunyangwe hazvo hupfumi hwenyika hwaenda kumawere mukati megore rapfuura, chikamu chemuchadenga chakawedzera nezvikamu zvipfumbamwe pagore mumakore gumi apfuura, nekukurumidza zvakapetwa katatu kupfuura hupfumi hwakazara panguva iyoyo. “Tiri kugadzira hupfumi hutsva,” anodaro Hynes.
