Bhabhironi: Kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakakosha yenhoroondo kana kuita mari kubva pairi?

BABYLON, Iraq – Chirongwa chinopihwa mari neUS chekudzosera matongo eguta rekare reBabironi chiri kutyisidzirwa negakava riri pakati pevakuru veIraqi pamusoro pekuti zvakakosha kuve kuchengetedza nzvimbo iyi kana kuita mari kubva pairi.

Vakuru venzvimbo iyi vanoda kuti basa rinokurumidza kuitwa kudzoreredza matongo ari kuparara uye kutanga kuvaka maresitorendi uye zvitoro zvezvipo kuti zvikwekwe muvashanyi, ukuwo vakuru vezvechinyakare muBaghdad vachifarira nzira inorwadza yekudzivisa kukanganisa kudzoreredza kwekare.

Matongo eguta remireniyamu, rinozivikanwa neHanging Gardens uye Shongwe yeBhabheri, akatambura zvakanyanya mumakumi emakore apfuura. Pakadzika kumaodzanyemba kweIraq, sumbu rematemberi akacherwa nedzimba dzehumambo ainyanya kuvakwazve nevaimbove mutongi Saddam Hussein muma1980s, vachishandisa zvidhinha zvemazuva ano zveyero kumisa zvivakwa zvakasvibira zvakashatisa masara asina kusimba ematongo ezvidhinha ekutanga. Mushure mekudonha kwaSaddam muna 2003, nhandare yemauto eUS pane saiti yakaita kumwe kukuvadza.

Nzvimbo iyi yakazadzwa nezvikomo zvakakura zvakavanza inofungidzirwa kuti 95 muzana yeguta inoramba isina kucherwa - iyo vanochera matongo vanotarisira kuti inogona kuzofukunurwa.

Asi kuti izvozvo zviitike, vanopokana, basa rinononoka uye rine hunyanzvi rinofanirwa kuitwa kudzidzisa maIraqi mukuchengetedza uye kugadzira hurongwa hwekuchengetedza hunogona kushandiswa kudhiza mari dzepasirese uye kuwana nzvimbo yeUNESCO World Heritage.

A $700,000, chirongwa chemakore maviri kuita izvozvo, chakatsigirwa neUS State Department uye chakaitwa neNew York-based World Monuments Fund, chakatanga gore rapfuura uye kana chikabudirira, chirongwa cheBhabhironi chinogona kuva muenzaniso wekuponesa dzimwe nzvimbo dzekare. munyika ino yakaona kuzvarwa kwebudiriro yemaguta.

"Ndine tariro nekuti zviri kuitika muBabironi idanho rakakodzera uye resainzi uye, kana Mwari achida, basa muBabironi richavhura mamiriro matsva," akadaro Qais Hussein Rashid, mukuru wedhipatimendi reIraqi reurombo.

Yakavambwa mumireniyamu yechitatu BC, Babironi yakakwira mukurumbira makore anoda kusvika 3 apfuura pasi paMambo Hammurabi, ane hwendefa remutemo rine mukurumbira rinogara muParis' Louvre Museum. Mumazana emakore akatevera guta racho rakakundwa, kuparadzwa uye kuvakwazve kakawanda, rikava guta guru pasi rose rine vagari ve4,000 pasi paMambo Nebhukadhinezari II muna 250,000 BC.

Nebhukadhinezari akavakira mudzimai wake aisuwa mapindu, chimwe chezvishamiso zvinomwe zvenyika. Akatapawo vanhu vechiJudha kubva kuIsraeri, achiwana Bhabhironi rapi rakaipa mutsika dzeJudhio-chiKristu uye zita reguta rakabva rafanana nechivi.

Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvakasara, World Monuments Fund iri kuwedzera chirongwa chayo, ichitsvaga madhora miriyoni kubva kuUS kudzoreredza zvivakwa zviviri zvinoda kununurwa nekukurumidza: temberi yeNabu-Sha-Khare yemakore mazana maviri nemazana mashanu uye masara eiyo monumental Ishtar. Gedhi, raimbova suo guru reguta raNebhukadhinezari.

Pamatongo ose akakoromorwa, temberi ndiyo ine simba guru, ine makamuri ayo ane maberere nezvivanze zvine atari dzavamwari.

“Iri rakanga rine jira repakutanga,” akatsanangura kudaro Jeffrey Allen, murongi wepurogiramu. “Muenzaniso usingawanzoitiki wetemberi isina kusimba kubva munguva itsva yeBhabhironi.”

Asi plaster yakanamwa pamusoro pechivako chezvidhinha muma1980s iri kupera uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo huremu hwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano hwakadonhedza madziro ekare. Mapango ane mujuru akadonhawo, achidzikisa zvikamu zvesirin'i, uye mwero wezasi wemadziro ari kudyiwa nekukwira kwemvura kubva mukurima kuri pedyo.

Iyo 45-mamita-kureba (13.7 metres) nheyo dzeIshtar Gedhi dzinoramba dzichinakidza, dzakavakwa nezvidhinha zvakashongedzwa nezvinoyevedza zvidhori nenzombe. Simende yakagadzikwa pasi muma1980, zvisinei, yakasunda mvura yepasi mumadziro emagedhi, ichipwanya zvidhinha uye kuparadza mutsara wepasi wemhuka dzakavezwa.

Babironi yakavhurwazve kune veruzhinji gore rapfuura uye inogamuchira vaenzi vashoma, vangangove vagari venzvimbo. Nzvimbo iyi yaive nzvimbo yemauto eUS nePoland kusvika 2005, uye chirevo cheUNESCO muna 2009 chakarova mauto nekuikuvadza nemidziyo yavo inorema.

Asi kuna Allen nevamwe vari kudzidza saiti, kukuvadzwa kubva kumakore eSaddam kwakatonyanya.

Aine chinangwa chokuzvibatanidza nemadzimambo ane mbiri ekare eIraq, Saddam akarayira kuti matongo enyika yacho avakwezve. Muzinda wokumaodzanyemba waNebhukadhinezari zvino wava nemadziro marefu ezvidhinha zvero zvemazuva ano, mazhinji acho akadhindwa zita raSaddam. Imba yamambo nenhandare yemitambo yeGreece yakavakwazve zvakashandiswa kuita mutambo wepagore wemimhanzi.

Basa racho "rakamhanyiswa nekukanganisa kwakawanda," akadaro Ayeed Ghalib al-Taie, mutevedzeri wemuongorori wenzvimbo uyo akashanda muBabironi kwemakore gumi apfuura.

Zvino sezvo nzvimbo yakatenderedza yakachengeteka, vakuru vepurovhinzi vane shungu dzekuva nevashanyi - nemari yavo - vachiuya kunzvimbo iyi zvakare. Gavhuna wedunhu reBabil, ari kusundira kudzoreredza nekukurumidza uye haadi kumirira kuenderera mberi nekudzidza.

"Hatisi kugutsikana nekumhanya kwebasa munzvimbo iyi, iyo iri kuregeredzwa zvachose nebhodhi rezvinhu zvekare," akadaro Mansour al-Manae, nhengo yekanzuru yepurovhinzi uye mukuru wekomiti yezvekuchera matongo uye yekushanya.

Iyo purovhinzi yatotora chikamu chenzvimbo iyi, yakashandura zvimwe zvivakwa zvechizvino-zvino kuita zvivakwa zvevashanyi uye yakatora muzinda wepamusoro pechikomo Saddam wakavakirwa pakatarisana nematongo muma1990s.

"Tiri kuedza nepatinogona napo kukwezva mari kuti tivake maresitorendi nezvimwe zvinokwezva," akadaro al-Manae, achidana saiti iyi "sosi huru yemari kupurovhinzi nekunyika."

Gavhuna akasvika pakubata UNESCO kuseri kwedhipatimendi rezvinhu zvekare muna Ndira ndokusaina tsamba yechinangwa chekushanda paBabironi pamwechete. Asi Baghdad vakamusundidzira kuti abvise tsamba iyi, akadaro Rashid, mukuru wehurumende wezvinhu zvekare.

Nekugadzikana kuri kudzoka munyika zvishoma nezvishoma mushure memakore ekurwisana, vashanyi vanofarira nhoroondo yakapfuma yeIraq vari kudzokera shure kuti vaone nzvimbo dzakafanana neZiggurat yeUri, kwakaberekerwa Patriarch Abraham webhaibheri, mberi kumaodzanyemba.

Mohammed Taher, mutungamiri wevashanyi kuBabironi kwemakumi emakore, anorangarira vashanyi vekuMadokero kuma1970 nema1980s vaiuya kumatongo eTower of Babel paGore Idzva kuzoita mhemberero dzekurangarira kukosha kwaro kweBhaibheri - kunyangwe chasara chakaita mativi mana. uswa knoll.

Allen weWMF anoti kuenda zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzira zvirongwa zvine hungwaru kuchabhadhara gare gare nevapi vepasi rese.

“Kuchera kutsva hakugone kuenderera mberi kutozosvikira tagadzirisa matambudziko aya,” akadaro Allen. Asi kana izvozvo zvaitika "uchava nesaiti yakanaka rimwe zuva, ine mukana mukuru."