Indian Railway ine nhaka yakapfuma yemakore angangosvika zana nemakumi mashanu iyo yakayambuka akati wandei makwara uye miganhu kuti iwane zvihombe. Nhasi yave nzira yehupenyu, musana weindasitiri yekufambisa pamwe nemararamiro enyika. Yakaona kubudirira kunorumbidzwa munguva yakapfuura uye iri kubatsira zvikuru mukufambira mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika.
Heano mamwe echokwadi anonakidza nezve Indian Railways iyo yakazobatsira mukuita iyo Indian Rail network imwe yeakakura muAsia:
Chekutanga chitima chevafambi chakatangwa pakati peMumbai neThane musi waApril 16, 1853.
Parsik Tunnel ndiyo yekutanga njanji mugero munyika.
Yekutanga njanji yepasi pevhu yakatanga muKolkatta.
Mugore ra1986 yekutanga kombiyuta yekuchengetedza system yakatanga muNew Delhi.
Chekutanga chitima chemagetsi chakamhanya pakati peMumbai VT neKurla musi waKukadzi 3, 1925.
Indian Railways inoonekwa seyakanyanya mushandirwi ine vanhu vangangosvika miriyoni 1.55 vakashandirwa mumabasa.
Mugore ra1977 National Rail Museum yakavambwa.
Dapoorie Viaduct ndiro bhiriji rechitima rekutanga kugadzirwa.
Paavhareji njanji dzeIndia dzinotakura vanhu vangangosvika miriyoni gumi nenhatu uye miriyoni 13 matani ekutakura zuva nezuva.
Orissa izita rechiteshi chipfupi nepo Sri Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta muTamil Nadu ndiro zita rechiteshi chakareba.
Indian Railways inozivikanwa kuva ne7000 zviteshi zvechitima pakati pezvitima zvinosvika zviuru gumi nezvina nemazana matatu zvinomhanya zuva nezuva.
Rwendo rurefu rwechitima rwakafukidzwa neHimsagar Express inobatanidza Jammu Tavi kuchamhembe neKanya Kumari muSouth. Chitima chinofamba chinhambwe chingangoita 4751 kms uye rwendo rwunotora maawa makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Iyo yakareba puratifomu inosvika 2733 tsoka pakureba uye iri paKhragpur.
Mugero wakareba kwazvo ndeye Karbude iri paKonkan Railways inoreba 6.5 kms.
Chitima chinokurumidza kukurumidza ndeye Bhopal Shatabdi Express iyo inomhanya inosvika 140 km/h.
Yakarebesa Railway Bridge ndiyo Nehru Setu inosvika 10044 ft pakureba paSone River.
Siliguri Railway Station ndiyo yega chiteshi ine ese matatu geji.
Howrah-Amritsar Express ine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekumisa ne115 halts.
Iyo Indian Railway ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzenjanji pasirese uye zvirokwazvo yakakura muAsia. Izvo zvinotaurira zvakawanda nezve saizi, kuita uye nhoroondo yehofori inonzi Indian njanji. Neimwe nzira, njanji yeIndia yakashanda senzira yekutsigira nyika kubva makore apfuura 150. Yakaramba ichishandira huwandu hweIndia huri kuwedzera nekutendeseka kukuru, kuzvipira uye kubata nguva. Sezvineiwo, njanji yeIndia ndeimwe yemasangano makuru evashandi vehurumende munyika.
Kana tikatarisa kumashure pamapeji enhoroondo, njanji yeIndia yakashandura chaizvo nhoroondo yese yeIndia. Urongwa hwekusuma njanji paivhu reIndia hwakaunzwa muna 1832 asi pfungwa iyi yakaramba ichimira padivi kwechinguva. Mapepa enhoroondo akatanga kuchinja apo Gavhuna Mukuru weIndia, Ishe Hardinge vakabvumira mapato ega ega kuti atange njanji muna 1844. Nenguva isipi, mubatanidzwa weEast India, vezvemabhizimusi vepachivande uye vatengesi veku UK vakaita kuti kurota kuitike kune vafambi veIndia. . 1851 yakapupurira kusvika kwechitima chekutanga chakashandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvekuvaka kwenjanji. Yekutanga sevhisi yechitima yakaunzwa pakati peBori Bunder, Bombay neThane pazuva renhoroondo ye16 Kubvumbi 1853. Chinhambwe chakafukidzwa nechitima chaive makiromita makumi matatu nemana uye kubva ipapo njanji yeIndia haina kuzombotarisa kumashure.
Pakazosvika 1880, Indian njanji network yakanga yatopararira kusvika 14,500 km. Maguta matatu makuru echiteshi cheBombay, Madras neCalcutta akange ave chikamu chekuwedzera nekukurumidza njanji yeIndia. Indian rail system yakatora rimwe danho kumberi payakatanga kugadzira zvitima zvayo 1895 zvichienda mberi. Indian railway board yakaumbwa muna 1901 uye yakashanda pasi peDhipatimendi reCommerce neIndasitiri. Yokutanga yemagetsi locomotive yakasvika muna 1908.
Mukati mehondo mbiri dzenyika, njanji yakava nenguva dzakaoma. Kamwe maBritish abva munyika, njanji dzeIndia dzakaona shanduko dzakati wandei mukutonga uye mumitemo yakawanda zvakare. Chitima cheIndia chakavapo mushure meRusununguko apo masisitimu makumi mana nemaviri enjanji akabatanidzwa muchikamu chimwe chete. Zvitima zvemoto zvakatsiviwa nedhiziri nemagetsi emagetsi. Mambure enjanji yeIndia akapararira kunzvimbo imwe neimwe yenyika. Chitima cheIndia chakashandura shizha idzva nekuunzwa kwekombuta yechitima reservation system muna 42.
Indian Railways ndeimwe yezvitima zvakabatikana pasi rose zvinotakura vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemasere vafambi pazuva. Njanji inofamba kureba nekufara kwenyika. Mazhinji mabasa einjiniya aimboonekwa seasingagoneke akaitwa neIndia njanji. Mumwe muenzaniso unopenya weiyo feat ndeye Konkan Railways. Zvinonzi njanji yeIndia inovhara zvingangoita 18 zviteshi zvechitima pamusoro penzira yakazara kureba inopfuura 7500 makiromita. Pasi pebapiro rayo, ngoro dzinopfuura zviuru zvitatu nemazana maviri nemakumi maviri, varairidzi zviuru makumi mana nezvishanu uye zvitima zvinosvika mazana masere ezviuru zviri kushanda.
Chitima cheIndia chinoshandisa marudzi ese echitima, kubva kumazana ezvitima zvevafambi, zvitima zvekufamba marefu kusvika kuzvitima zvinomhanya zvikuru uye zveumbozha. Railway yakaramba ichivandudza masevhisi ayo mumakore apfuura ichifunga nezvekukwira kwevanhu uye zvavanoda pakufamba. Inove, inodzorwa uye inoshandiswa neHurumende yeIndia, njanji yeIndia muenzaniso unopenya wekukura nebudiriro inopupurirwa nenyika.
