Aimbove mukuru weNational Transportation Safety Board - bazi reUS riri kuferefeta tsaona nemusi weChina wapfuura yendege yakavakirwa kuCanada pedyo neBuffalo, NY - inoti ese akafanana mapatya-injini turboprops anofanirwa kumiswa, kusvika kuferefeta kwapera.
"Ini ndinofunga chinhu chine hungwaru kuita ... kumisa ndege," kusvika kuferefeta kwebhodhi kwapera, akadaro Jim Hall, sachigaro wemubatanidzwa kubva 1994 kusvika 2001.
Kuongorora kwakadaro kunowanzotora kubva pamwedzi 18 kusvika kumakore maviri, uye kurudziro yaHall inogona kukonzera bongozozo, sezvo zviuru zvevafambi turboprops zviri kushanda pasi rese.
Hall akati ndege dzine injini dzeturboprop dzinobhururuka nekumhanya zvishoma pane jeti, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti ice iunganidzwe. Akanga achitsoropodza teknolojia ye turboprop de-icing - air-filled rubber "bhutsu" dzinowedzera uye chibvumirano chekubvisa ice, panzvimbo ye-in-wing heaters inoshandiswa pajeti kuchengetedza chando kubva pakuumbwa.
Kubva pakaparara kambani yeContinental Connection 3407 yakauraya makumi mashanu muBuffalo suburb yeClarence nemusi weChina chapfuura, icing inonzi inogona kukonzera, asi vanoongorora tsaona havasati vataura izvi zviri pamutemo.
Ndege, 74-seat Bombardier Q400 turboprop yakavakwa muToronto uye yakatangwa muna Kubvumbi apfuura, iri kushanda pasi rose; 219 ari kushandiswa nevamwe vatakuri makumi matatu, chikamu chezvikepe zvepasi rose zve30 Bombardier-yakavakwa Q-series turboprops iri kushandiswa.
Asi pane mukana mudiki kurudziro yaHall ichaitwa, sezvo iyo US Federal Aviation Administration, iyo inoona nezvekuchengetedzwa kwendege, iri kuramba zano rake.
"Hatina data izvozvi zvingatitungamira kumisa ndege iyi," mutauriri weFAA Laura Brown akadaro.
“FAA neindasitiri yese yezvendege yakashanda zvine mutsindo mumakore gumi nemashanu adarika kuderedza tsaona dzine chekuita nechando uye tsaona idzodzo dzakadzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwebasa iri.
"Ndege inobatanidzwa mukuputsika ine yakaomesesa yekuona ice uye kudzivirira system yakabatsirwa nemakore ekutsvaga uye kuongororwa nezve mashandisiro anoita ndege uye kuita mumamiriro echando," akadaro Brown.
Porter Airlines yekuToronto inoshandisa chete Q400 uye nezuro Robert Deluce, mutungamiri wendege uye mukuru mukuru wendege, akarumbidza rekodhi yekuchengetedza ndege uye tekinoroji yekubvisa icing uye anti-icing. "Dai (bhodhi rekuchengetedza) riine zvichemo, kana kuti FAA kana Transport Canada kana Bombardier iine zvekunetsekana nendege, yemhando ipi neipi, ingadai yakamiswa pari zvino," akadaro.
“Asi izvi hazviratidzike sechinhu chine chekuita nendege. Izvi zvinoita sekunge zvine chekuita nedzimwe nyaya dzisati dzabuda."
Vanoongorora tsaona vakati Flight 3407, yaibva kuNewark ichienda kuBuffalo, yakadzika nekukunguruka zvine chisimba isati yadonha mazana emamita anoverengeka mumba neChina manheru, ikauraya vese makumi mana nevapfumbamwe vaive mumba uye murume aive mumba. Mumwe wekuCanada akafa mutsaona iyi. Nezuro vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zviviri vakapinda chirangaridzo muUS chevakabatwa.
Vasati vawira vashandi vakashuma "icing inokosha," pamapapiro uye windshield yendege.
Nemusi weSvondo, NTSB yakashuma kuti ndege yaive paautopilot masekonzi isati yadonha kubva kudenga, zvichigona kutyora mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemubatanidzwa uye gwara rendege.
Mutauriri weFAA akati ndege iyi yakabviswa kuti iite autopilot muchiedza kusvika pakati nepakati icing mamiriro. De-icing system yendege yakanga iripo ichangosimuka muNewark.
Hall akati icing ndiyo yakakonzera tsaona ya1994 yeATR-72 twin turboprop ndege muIndiana.
William Voss, purezidhendi weFlight Safety Foundation, akaudza Nyenyedzi kare kuti ndege yakaitika mutsaona ya1994 yakanga iri pachayo yaingotyaira motokari isati yaitika, izvo zvingave zvakatowedzera mamiriro ezvinhu.
Chakakonzera tsaona yemusi weChina hazvisati zvazivikanwa.
Hall akati kushushikana kwake hakusi kuBombardier, asi nechitupa chendege chemamiriro ekubhururuka, seaya anogadzira icing.
"Ndine ruremekedzo rukuru kuCanada kuchengetedzwa kwendege pamwe chete nemugadziri wendege iyi," Hall akadaro. "Kunetseka kwangu kuri pakutadza kuita basa rekupihwa zvitupa muUnited States nekuda kwetsaona dzinosanganisira ndege dzakagadzirwa zvakafanana, iyo yaive ATR-72."
Iyo Q400 yanga isiri pamusika kusvika 2000 asi Hall akati kufanana kwechimiro kuchiri kufanira kuongororwa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwese kwendege-mapatya.
Mutauriri weBombardier, John Arnone, akati kubva Q400 yakapinda mukutengeserana muna 2000, ndege dziri kushandiswa parizvino dzakatora maawa ekubhururuka anodarika miriyoni uye miriyoni imwe nehafu yekusimuka nekumhara.
"Kuparara kwakashata pedyo neBuffalo kwakamiririra kufa kwekutanga mundege yeQ400," akadaro.
Arnone akati aisaziva nezve chero zviitiko zvekare zvine icing.
Akataura kuti hazvizivikanwe kuti sei Hall akataura izvi achiwedzera, "kutaura chokwadi hazvichinje zvatinokoshesa sekambani izvozvi," kutsigira kuferefeta. Bombardier yakatumira timu yezvekuchengetedza uye nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi kuti dzishande nebhodhi rekuchengetedza, akadaro.
