Muchinyorwa chemutemo wekufamba svondo rino, tinoongorora nyaya yaHorne v. Carnival Corporation, No. 17-15803 (11th Cir. June 29, 2018) umo Dare rakacherekedza kuti "Panguva yavo yezororo, Horne nemukadzi wake Julie vaive ngarava yechikepe Fascination uye ndokuenda kunotora mifananidzo yekuvira kwezuva pane imwe nzvimbo yekunze. Raive zuva rine mhepo kwazvo, uye pavakada kubva padenga rekunze vaviri ava vaifanira kupfuura nemusuwo wesimbi unorema. Chikwangwani chinonyevera pamusuwo chakanzi 'Chenjerera-TARIRA YAKO STEP-YEPAMUSOROSORO'. Pakanga pasina imwe yambiro. Julie akavhura musuwo, asi akanetseka, saka Horne akabata gonhi pamucheto waro ndokurivhura. Pane imwe nguva Horne akafamba nemusuwo, akatanga kuisunungura. Musuwo wakavharwa zvakavharwa Horne paakauburitsa, achivhara asati aburitsa ruoko rwake nekugura chigunwe chekutanga cheruoko rwake rwerudyi pajoinhi yedistali. Horne akaunza sutu kurwisa Carnival, achipomera kutadza kunyevera nezve mamiriro ezvinhu ane ngozi nekuregeredza kuchengetedzwa kwemusuwo. Dare redunhu rakapa pfupiso mutongo kuna Carnival, ichiona kuti Carnival yakanga isina basa rekuyambira nekuti pakanga pasina humbowo hwekuti Carnival yaizivikanwa, chaiyo kana yekumanikidza, yemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi uye nekuti njodzi yaive yakavhurika uye iri pachena… Mvumo yedare redunhu pfupiso mutongo unosimbiswa muchidimbu uye unodzoserwa muchidimbu uye wakadzoserwa kudare ”.
Munyaya yeHorne Dare rakacherekedza kuti "Nekuti kukuvara kwakaitika pamusoro pemvura dzinofambika, mutemo wemubatanidzwa unoshanda kune ino kesi. Kuti asimbise kuda kwake kwekuregeredza, Horne anofanirwa kuratidza kuti Carnival yaive nebasa rekutarisira, kutyora iro basa uye kutyora ndiko kwaive kwakakonzeresa kukuvara kwaHorne. '[A] rwendo rwekufamba nechikepe runokweretesa vatakuri varo basa rekuyambira nezve njodzi dzinozivikanwa'… Zvisinei, kuti uve nebasa rekuyambira nezve njodzi, rwendo rwekufamba ngarava runofanirwa kunge riine 'zivo chaiyo kana yekumanikidza yekusagadzikana'… Zvakare, hapana basa rekuyambira nezve njodzi dziri pachena uye dzakajeka '”.
Cherechedzo Yemamiriro Anotyisa
“[Ini] nino, pane humbowo hwekuti rwendo rwekufamba rwendo dzimwe nguva rwaiisa zvikwangwani pamusuwo wedheki kana paita mhepo dzakasimba. Zviratidzo izvi zvaizoverengwa 'yambiro, mhepo ine simba'. Pakanga pasina chiratidzo chakadaro pazuva rechinoitika. Tichionekwa muchiedza chinonyanya kufarira Horne, humbowo hwekuti Carnival, munguva yakapfuura, yakamisa zvikwangwani zvinonyevera nezvemhepo ine simba inogadzira nyaya yechokwadi yekuti Carnival yaive neruzivo rwechokwadi here kana rwekuvaka mamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi ".
Vhura & Zviripachena Njodzi
"Mukuona kuti njodzi yakazaruka uye iri pachena, tinotarisa 'pane izvo munhu anonzwisisa zvaanoona nekuita [] asingatarise pfungwa dzemumhan'ari'. Horne anoti njodzi inokodzera haizi mhepo, kana musuwo unorema, asi panzvimbo pekuti njodzi yekuti mhepo ingakonzere musuwo kurova zvakanyanya uye nekukurumidza zvekuti unodambura munwe wake. Horne anopikisa kuti njodzi iyi haina kuvhurika kana kuoneka kune munhu anonzwisisa. Horne anoti kunyangwe aiziva kuti gonhi rairema, uye raive nemhepo, akange asina chikonzero chekutenda kuti musuwo waizovhara zvakanyanya uye nekumhanyisa zvekuti wakacheka munwe wake ”.
Basa rekuyambira Kuda
“Anotaura zvakare kuti akange asina nzira yekuziva kuti musuwo ungavharika nekukasira zvakadaro, kunyangwe aiedza kwazvo, akatadza kubvisa ruoko rwake nenguva. Zvinoenderana neuchapupu uhu, hunotariswa muchiedza chakanakira Horne, tinobata kuti juror inonzwisisika yaizoona kuti njodzi iyi yakanga isiri pachena uye pachena. Nekudaro, tinodzokera kumashure tichiremekedza basa rekuyambira kudai ”.
Kukundikana Kuchengetedza Chikumbiro
“Uchapupu hwaHorne hwenyanzvi hwekuti musuwo wanga uri munzvimbo ine njodzi unongoshanda chete kana Horne akatanga kuratidza kuti Carnival yaive neruzivo chairwo kana rwekuvaka nenjodzi iyi. Humwe chete humbowo hwaHorne hunoratidza kuti Carnival yaive neruzivo rwechokwadi kana rwekuvaka kuti musuwo waive nengozi mirairo miviri yebasa yakapinda, uye yakazovharwa, yekugadzirisa pamusuwo. Mumhan'ari haape humbowo hwekuti mairairo ebasa aya haana kunyatsoitwa; kutaura zvazviri, mumiriri wekambani yeCarnival akapupura kuti 'kuvhara' hurongwa hwebasa kunoratidza kuti kugadzirisa kwakumbirwa kwapera. Nekudaro, aya ekuraira basa haape humbowo hwekuti Carnival akange azivisa kuti musuwo wakaramba uri munzvimbo ine njodzi panguva yechiitiko… .Naizvozvo, dare redunhu harina kutadza nekuremekedza kutadza kuchengetedza chikumbiro ”.
mhedziso
"Nezvikonzero zvataurwa izvi, tinotsigira mutongo wedare redzimhosva nekuremekedza kutadza kuchengetedza chikumbiro, asi isu tinodzokera shure tichitarisa kudiwa kwebasa rekuyambira".
Patricia naTom Dickerson
Munyori, Thomas A. Dickerson, akashaya musi waChikunguru 26, 2018 aine makore makumi manomwe nemana. Kuburikidza nenyasha dzemhuri yake, eTurboNews ari kubvumidzwa kugovana zvinyorwa zvake zvatinazvo pafaira izvo zvaakatitumira kuti tizoburitsa vhiki nevhiki.
Iye Hon. Dickerson akarega basa seMubatanidzwa Weruramisiro weAppellate Division, Wechipiri Dhipatimendi reNew York State Dare Repamusorosoro uye akanyora nezveMutemo weKufamba kwemakore makumi mana nemaviri kusanganisira mabhuku ake emitemo anovandudzwa pagore, Mutemo Wekufamba, Law Journal Press (42), Litigating International Torts mu US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Kirasi Zviito: Mutemo we2018 States, Law Journal Press (50), uye anopfuura mazana mashanu ezvinyorwa zvemutemo mazhinji acho ari iripo pano. Zvekuwedzera zvemutemo wekufamba nhau uye zviitiko, kunyanya munyika dzenhengo dzeEU, tinya pano.
Verenga zvakawanda zve Zvinyorwa zveJustice Dickerson pano.
Ichi chinyorwa hachigone kuburitswa pasina mvumo.
